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Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor Microenvironment as a Tool for Breast Cancer TreatmentTrigo Lameirinhas, Ana Catarina 13 September 2025 (has links)
[ES] La mayoría de las terapias contra el cáncer de mama que se utilizan actualmente en la práctica clínica se centran en atacar las células tumorales. Sin embargo, los nuevos avances en el campo de la inmunología han resaltado el papel principal del microambiente tumoral en la modulación tumoral. Específicamente, los fibroblastos asociados al cáncer desempeñan un papel importante en la progresión tumoral, la modulación de la inmunidad tumoral y la resistencia a la terapia. Por ello, esta tesis doctoral titulada "Nanopartículas de sílice mesoporosas dirigidas al microambiente tumoral como herramienta para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama" se centra en el diseño de un nanodispositivo dirigido a los fibroblastos asociados al cáncer y en la evaluación de su potencial como nueva estrategia terapéutica para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama.
Se diseñó y sintetizó una nanopartícula utilizando nanopartículas mesoporosas de sílice como soporte, cargadas con doxorrubicina y funcionalizadas con un péptido ligando de FAP-¿ (NP-FAP-DOX). La caracterización de NP-FAP-DOX mostró una liberación controlada de la carga y un perfil no tóxico in vitro.
Los estudios in vitro evaluaron la eficacia de las nanopartículas para dirigirse a FAP-¿, la citotoxicidad celular y la penetrabilidad tumoral en las líneas celulares de cáncer de mama, en los fibroblastos asociados al cáncer derivados de biopsias de pacientes con cáncer de mama triple negativo y en los organoides derivados de pacientes con cáncer de mama. Estos estudios demostraron que NP-FAP-DOX se dirigió eficazmente y produjo un efecto citotóxico en células de cáncer de mama con expresión positiva de FAP-¿, así como en fibroblastos asociados al cáncer. Además, la NP-FAP-DOX presentó una buena eficiencia de penetración en los organoides derivados de paciente, manteniendo así la acción dirigida y el efecto citotóxico en este modelo tridimensional.
Finalmente, se evaluó la eficacia de NP-FAP-DOX in vivo en un modelo murino de cáncer de mama triple negativo. La NP-FAP-DOX mostró una buena capacidad para atacar tumores y una administración eficaz de fármacos, lo que dio como resultado un efecto antitumoral in vivo. Además, el tratamiento in vivo con NP-FAP-DOX se dirigió eficazmente a los fibroblastos asociados al cáncer y los eliminó, lo que llevó a la remodulación del microambiente tumoral y a la activación de la respuesta inmunitaria del tumor. Específicamente, este tratamiento promovió la infiltración de linfocitos, aumentó el porcentaje de células asesinas naturales y disminuyó los macrófagos M2, lo que llevó a un aumento de la proporción M1/M2 en los tumores. Además, las nanopartículas mejoraron el perfil terapéutico y de seguridad del fármaco libre, previniendo la toxicidad cardíaca y sistémica inducida por doxorrubicina.
Con todo, estos resultados demostraron el potencial de los nanodispositivos diseñados como un nuevo sistema de administración de fármacos dirigido para el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. Estas nanopartículas pueden mejorar la eficacia de la administración de fármacos, superar los efectos secundarios adversos y mejorar la eficacia de la terapia mediante la modulación del microambiente tumoral. / [CA] La majoria de les teràpies contra el càncer de mama que s'utilitzen actualment en la pràctica clínica, es centren en atacar les cèl·lules tumorals. Tanmateix, els nous avanços en el camp de la immunologia han ressaltat el paper principal del microambient tumoral en la modulació tumoral. Específicament, els fibroblasts associats al càncer tenen un paper important en la progressió tumoral, la modulació de la immunitat tumoral i la resistència a teràpia. Per això, aquesta tesi doctoral titulada "Nanopartícules de sílice mesoporoses dirigides al microambient tumoral com a ferramenta per al tractament del càncer de mama" es centra en el disseny d'un nanodispositiu dirigit als fibroblasts associats al càncer i en l'avaluació del seu potencial com a nova estratègia terapèutica per al tractament del càncer de mama.
Es va dissenyar i sintetitzar una nanopartícula utilitzant nanopartícules mesoporoses de sílice com a suport, carregades amb doxorubicina i funcionalitzades amb un pèptid lligand de FAP-¿ (NP-FAP-DOX). La caracterització de NP-FAP-DOX va mostrar un alliberament controlat de la càrrega i un perfil no tòxic in vitro.
Els estudis in vitro van avaluar la eficàcia de les nanopartícules en l'acció dirigida a FAP-¿, la citotoxicitat cel·lular i la penetrabilitat tumoral en les línies cel·lulars de càncer de mama, en els fibroblasts associats al càncer derivats de biòpsies de pacients amb càncer de mama triple negatiu i en els organoides derivats de pacients amb càncer de mama. Aquests estudis van demostrar que NP-FAP-DOX es dirigia eficaçment i produïa un efecte citotòxic en les cèl·lules de càncer de mama amb expressió positiva de FAP-¿, així com en fibroblasts associats al càncer. A més, la NP-FAP-DOX va presentar una bona eficiència de penetració en els organoides derivats de pacient, mantenint així l'acció dirigida i l'efecte citotòxic en aquest model tridimensional.
Finalment, es va avaluar la eficàcia de NP-FAP-DOX in vivo en un model murí de càncer de mama triple negatiu. La NP-FAP-DOX va mostrar una bona capacitat per a atacar tumors i una administració eficaç de fàrmacs, el que va donar com a resultat un efecte antitumoral in vivo. Addicionalment, el tractament in vivo amb NP-FAP-DOX es va dirigir eficaçment als fibroblasts associats al càncer generant la seua depleció i així, la remodelació del microambient tumoral i l'activació de la resposta immunitària del tumor. Específicament, aquest tractament va promoure la infiltració de limfòcits, va augmentar el percentatge de cèl·lules citocides naturals i va disminuir els macròfags M2, el que va conduir a un augment en la proporció M1/M2 en els tumors. A més, les nanopartícules van millorar el perfil terapèutic i de seguretat del fàrmac lliure, prevenint la toxicitat cardíaca i sistèmica induïda per la doxorubicina.
Amb tot, aquests resultats demostraren el potencial dels nanodispositius dissenyats com un nou sistema d'administració de fàrmacs dirigits per al tractament del càncer de mama. Aquestes nanopartícules poden millorar l'eficàcia de l'administració de fàrmacs, reduir els efectes secundaris adversos i millorar l'eficàcia de la teràpia mitjançant la modulació del microambient tumoral. / [EN] Most of the breast cancer therapies currently used in the clinical practice are focused on targeting tumor cells. Nevertheless, new advances in the immunology field uncovered the main role of the tumor microenvironment in tumor modulation. Specifically, cancer-associated fibroblasts play an important role in tumor progression, tumor immunity modulation, and therapy resistance. Hence, this Ph.D. thesis entitled "Mesoporous silica nanoparticles targeting tumor microenvironment as a tool for breast cancer treatment" is focused on the design of a nanodevice targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts and on the evaluation of its potential as a new therapeutic strategy for breast cancer treatment.
A nanoparticle was designed and synthesized using mesoporous silica nanoparticles as support, loaded with doxorubicin, and functionalized with a FAP-¿ ligand peptide (NP-FAP-DOX). NP-FAP-DOX's characterization showed controlled cargo release and an in vitro nontoxic profile.
The in vitro studies evaluated the nanoparticle efficacy to target FAP-¿, cellular cytotoxicity, and tumor penetration in breast cancer cell lines, cancer-associated fibroblasts derived from triple-negative breast cancer patient biopsies, and breast cancer patient-derived organoids. These studies probed that the NP-FAP-DOX efficiently targeted and produced a cytotoxic effect in breast cancer cells with FAP-¿ positive expression as well as in cancer-associated fibroblasts. Moreover, the NP-FAP-DOX presented good penetration efficiency in patient-derived organoids, while maintaining the targeting and cytotoxic effect in this 3D model.
Finally, the NP-FAP-DOX's in vivo efficacy was evaluated in a murine triple-negative breast cancer model. The NP-FAP-DOX showed a tumor-targeting ability and effective drug delivery, resulting in an in vivo antitumoral effect. Moreover, the NP-FAP-DOX in vivo treatment efficiently targeted and depleted cancer-associated fibroblasts, leading to tumor microenvironment re-modulation and activation of tumor immune response. Specifically, this treatment promoted lymphocyte infiltration, increased the percentage of natural killer cells, and decreased the M2-like macrophages leading to an increased M1/M2 ratio in tumors. Besides, the nanoparticles improved the therapeutic and safety profile of the free drug, preventing doxorubicin-induced cardio and systemic toxicity.
Overall, these results demonstrated the potential of the designed nanodevices as a new targeted drug delivery system for breast cancer treatment. These nanoparticles can improve drug delivery efficacy, overcome adverse side effects, and enhance therapy efficacy through the modulation of the tumor microenvironment. / Trigo Lameirinhas, AC. (2024). Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Targeting Tumor Microenvironment as a Tool for Breast Cancer Treatment [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/210630
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Aberrations in Cytokine Signaling in Leukemia: Variations in Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylationTomic, Jelena 31 August 2012 (has links)
Tumor-induced immunosuppression can occur by multiple mechanisms, each posing a significant obstacle to immunotherapy. Evidence presented in this dissertation suggests that aberrant cytokine signaling, as a result of altered metabolism of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) cells, confers a selective advantage for tumor survival and growth. Cells from CLL patients with aggressive disease (as indicated by high-risk cytogenetics) were found to exhibit prolongation in Interferon (IFN)-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells reflected these signaling processes. Changes in the relative balance of phospho-STAT3 and phospho-STAT1 levels, in response to combinations of IL-2 + Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonist + phorbol esters, as well as IFN, were associated with the immunosuppressive and immunogenic states of CLL cells. In addition, immunosuppressive leukemic cells were found to express high levels of proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modifications, due to increased metabolic activity through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP), which caused impaired intracellular signaling responses and affected disease progression. A conclusion of the studies presented here is that the intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of leukemic cells may be overcome by agents such as Resveratrol that target metabolic pathways of these cells.
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Aberrations in Cytokine Signaling in Leukemia: Variations in Phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylationTomic, Jelena 31 August 2012 (has links)
Tumor-induced immunosuppression can occur by multiple mechanisms, each posing a significant obstacle to immunotherapy. Evidence presented in this dissertation suggests that aberrant cytokine signaling, as a result of altered metabolism of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) cells, confers a selective advantage for tumor survival and growth. Cells from CLL patients with aggressive disease (as indicated by high-risk cytogenetics) were found to exhibit prolongation in Interferon (IFN)-induced STAT3 phosphorylation, and increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in these cells reflected these signaling processes. Changes in the relative balance of phospho-STAT3 and phospho-STAT1 levels, in response to combinations of IL-2 + Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 agonist + phorbol esters, as well as IFN, were associated with the immunosuppressive and immunogenic states of CLL cells. In addition, immunosuppressive leukemic cells were found to express high levels of proteins with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modifications, due to increased metabolic activity through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP), which caused impaired intracellular signaling responses and affected disease progression. A conclusion of the studies presented here is that the intrinsic immunosuppressive properties of leukemic cells may be overcome by agents such as Resveratrol that target metabolic pathways of these cells.
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The spatial and temporal characterization of hepatic macrophages during acute liver injuryFlores Molina, Manuel 08 1900 (has links)
La réponse immunitaire est régulée spatialement et temporellement. Les cellules immunitaires font partie d’une plus grande communauté de populations cellulaires interconnectées qui coordonnent leurs actions par la signalisation intercellulaire. Suivant une blessure hépatique, la distribution et la composition du compartiment immunitaire évoluent rapidement au fil du temps. Par conséquent, l’information sur la position des cellules immunitaires dans le tissu hépatique est essentielle à la bonne compréhension de leurs fonctions dans la santé et la maladie. Cependant, l’organisation spatiale des cellules immunitaires en réponse à une atteinte hépatique aiguë, ainsi que les conséquences fonctionnelles de leur distribution topographique spécifique, restent mal comprises.
Les macrophages hépatiques sont des cellules effectrices clés pendant l’homéostasie et en réponse à des blessures, et sont impliqués dans la pathogenèse de plusieurs maladies du foie. L’hétérogénéité et plasticité des macrophages dans le foie a été exposée avec l’émergence du séquençage de l’ARN, la cytométrie en flux et la cytométrie de masse. Ces techniques ont sensiblement contribué à la compréhension de l’origine, et fonctions des macrophages dans le foie. Cependant, ces technologies impliquent la destruction du tissu pour la préparation de suspension cellulaires ce qui entraîne une perte d’information spatiale et de contexte tissulaire. Par conséquent, la caractérisation spatiale et temporelle des macrophages dans le tissu hépatique pendant l’homéostasie tissulaire, et en réponse à une blessure, fournit une nouvelle information sur la façon dont les macrophages se rapportent aux cellules voisines et leur comportement pendant les réponses immunitaires.
Dans la première partie de cette étude, nous avons conçu une stratégie pour le phénotypage spatial des cellules immunitaires hépatiques dans des échantillons de tissus. Cette stratégie combine techniques d'imagerie et l’alignement numérique des images pour surmonter les limitations actuelles du nombre de marqueurs pouvant être visualisés simultanément. En outre, nous avons généré des protocoles pour la quantification automatisée des cellules d’intérêt dans des sections de tissus pour réduire la subjectivité associée à la quantification par inspection visuelle, et pour augmenter la surface et la vitesse de l’analyse. Par conséquent, un plus grand nombre de populations de cellules immunitaires ont été visualisées, quantifiées et cartographiées, et leurs relations spatiales ont été déterminées.
Dans la deuxième partie de l’étude, nous avons déterminé la cinétique et la dynamique spatiale des cellules de Kupffer (KCs) et des macrophages dérivés de monocytes (MoMFs) en réponse à une atteinte hépatique aiguë au CCl4, afin de mieux comprendre leurs rôles fonctionnels, et la répartition du travail entre eux. Nous avons constaté que les KC et les MoMFs présentent des différences au niveau de la distribution tissulaire, la morphologie, et la cinétique. En plus, seulement les KCs ont proliféré pour repeupler la population de macrophages résidents pendant la réparation tissulaire. Finalement, nous avons montré que le degré de colocalization de KCs et des MoMFs avec les cellules stellaires est différent. En plus, cette colocalisation varie avec la progression de la réponse immunitaire. Dans l’ensemble, nous avons montré que les KCs et les MoMFs ont des profils spatiaux et temporels différents en réponse à une atteinte hépatique aiguë.
Dans l’ensemble, les observations faites dans cette étude suggèrent que le comportement spatial et temporel d’une sous-population donnée de cellules immunitaires est distinct et sous-tend sa capacité à remplir ses fonctions spécifiques pendant la réponse immunitaire. / The immune response is spatially and temporally regulated. Immune cells are part of a larger community of interconnected immune and non-immune cell populations that coordinate their actions mostly through cell-cell intercellular signaling. In the liver, the distribution pattern, and the composition of the immune compartment evolve during an immune response to injury influencing disease pathology, progression, and response to treatment. Hence, information on the location and interacting partners of immune cells in the hepatic tissue is critical for the proper understanding of their functions in health and disease. However, the spatial organization of hepatic resident and infiltrating immune cells in response to acute injury, and the functional consequences of their specific topographical distribution, remain poorly defined.
Hepatic macrophages are key effector cells during homeostasis and in response to injury and are involved in the pathogenesis of several liver diseases. The heterogeneity and plasticity of the macrophage compartment in the liver have only recently started to be appreciated with the emergence of RNA sequencing, flow cytometry, and mass cytometry. Detailed transcriptomic and phenotypic profiling have deeply expanded our understanding of macrophage biology. However, these technologies involve tissue disruption with loss of spatial information and tissue context. Therefore, the spatial and temporal profiling of liver macrophages in tissue samples during the steady state, and in response to injury, provide novel information on how the macrophages relate to neighboring cells and their behavior during immune responses.
In the first part of this study, we designed a strategy for the spatial phenotyping of hepatic immune cells in tissue samples. This strategy combined serial and sequential labeling, and digital tissue alignment to overcome current limitations in the number of markers that can be simultaneously visualized. In addition, we generated protocols for automated quantification of cells of interest in whole tissue sections which removed the subjectivity associated with quantification by visual inspection and greatly increased the area and the speed of the analysis. As a result, a larger number of immune cell populations were visualized, quantified, and mapped, and their spatial relations were determined in an unbiased manner.
In the second part of this study, we monitored the kinetics, and spatial dynamics of resident Kupffer cells (KCs) and infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) in response to acute liver injury with CCl4, to gain insight into their functional roles, and the distribution of labor between them. KCs and MoMFs exhibited different tissue distribution patterns and cell morphology, different kinetics, and occupied neighboring but unique microanatomical tissue locations. KCs and MoMFs displayed a different capacity to replenish the macrophage pool upon acute injury, and were differentially related to hepatic stellate cells. Different kinetics and spatial profiles revealed that KCs and MoMFs have distinct spatial signatures and suggest that they perform distinct functions during the wound-healing response to acute liver injury.
In summary, we optimized techniques and put together a strategy for the spatial profiling of hepatic immune cells. Then, we used this methodology to profile resident and infiltrating macrophage subpopulations to gain insight into their biology and distinct contribution to healing in response to acute liver injury. Overall, the observations made in this study suggest that the spatial and temporal behavior of a given subpopulation of immune cells underlie its ability to perform its specific functions during the immune response.
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Targeting B non-Hodgkin lymphoma and tumor-supportive follicular helper T cells with anti-CXCR5 CAR T cellsPfeilschifter, Janina Marie 09 September 2021 (has links)
CAR-T-Zell-Therapie ist eine vielversprechende neuartige Behandlungsform für Patienten mit aggressiven B-Zell Non-Hodgkin-Lymphomen (B-NHL). In dieser Arbeit wurde die anti-CXCR5 CAR-T-Zell-Therapie als Alternative zur anti-CD19 CAR-T-Zell-Therapie für die Behandlung von reifen B-NHLs untersucht. CXCR5 ist ein B-Zell-homing Rezeptor, der von reifen B Zellen und follikulären T-Helferzellen (TFH Zellen) exprimiert wird. TFH Zellen wurden als tumor-unterstützend in chronisch lymphatischer Leukämie (CLL) und im follikulären Lymphom (FL) beschrieben. Dieses Expressionsmuster erlaubt es, auf einzigartige Weise zeitgleich die malignen Zellen und die tumorunterstützende Mikroumgebung mithilfe von CAR-T-Zell-Therapie gerichtet gegen einen Chemokinrezeptor anzugreifen. Die wichtigsten Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit waren, dass (1) die anti-CXCR5 CAR T-Zellen zielgerichtet CXCR5 positive reife B-NHL Zelllinien und Patientenproben in vitro eliminierten und eine starke anti-Tumor Reaktivität in einem immundefizienten Xenotransplantationsmausmodell zeigten, (2) die anti-CXCR5 CAR T-Zellen zielgerichtet die tumorunterstützenden TFH Zellen in CLL und FL Patientenproben in vitro erkannten und dass (3) CXCR5 ein sicheres Expressionsprofil zeigte. CXCR5 war stark und häufig auf B-NHL exprimiert und die Expression auf gesundem Gewebe war auf lymphoide Zellen beschränkt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass die anti-CXCR5 CAR-T-Zell-Therapie eine neue Behandlungsmöglichkeit für Patienten mit reifen B-NHL darstellt, indem durch die anti-CXCR5 CAR-T Zellen sowohl der Tumor als auch ein Anteil der tumorunterstützende Mikroumgebung eliminiert werden.
Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit wurde das Eμ-Tcl1 murine CLL Lymphommodell genutzt um die Auswirkung der Lymphomentwicklung auf die CXCR5+ T Zellen zu untersuchen. Mittels RNA-Einzelzell-Sequenzierung konnte ein profunder Einfluss des Lymphomwachstums auf das T Zell-Kompartiment der Mäuse, denen Eμ-Tcl1 Zellen gespritzt wurden, gezeigt werden. / CAR T cell therapy is a promising new treatment option for patients suffering from aggressive B non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs). In CAR T cell therapy, patient-derived T cells are genetically modified to express a chimeric receptor commonly directed towards a surface antigen expressed by neoplastic cells. In this thesis, anti-CXCR5 CAR T cell therapy was investigated as an alternative to anti-CD19 CAR T cell therapy for the treatment of mature B-NHLs. CXCR5 is a B cell homing receptor expressed by mature B cells and follicular helper T (TFH) cells. TFH cells were described to support the tumor cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and follicular lymphoma (FL). This expression pattern allows simultaneous targeting of the malignant cells and the tumor-supporting microenvironment by CAR T cell therapy against a chemokine receptor in an unprecedented manner. Main findings included that (1) anti-CXCR5 CAR T cells targeted specifically CXCR5 expressing mature B-NHL cell lines and patient samples in vitro and showed strong in vivo anti-tumor reactivity in an immunodeficient xenograft mouse model, (2) anti-CXCR5 CAR T cells targeted tumor-supportive TFH cells derived from CLL and FL patient samples in vitro and (3) CXCR5 showed a safe expression profile. CXCR5 was strongly and frequently expressed by B-NHLs and its expression on healthy tissue was restricted to lymphoid cells. In summary, anti-CXCR5 CAR T cell therapy presents a novel treatment option for patients suffering from mature B-NHLs by eliminating the tumor and part of the tumor-supportive microenvironment.
The second part of the project, the Eμ-Tcl1 murine lymphoma model, which mimics human CLL, was used to study the impact of lymphomagenesis on CXCR5+ T cells. Using single cell RNA sequencing, a profound influence of lymphoma growth on the T cell compartment in Eμ-Tcl1 tumor-challenged mice could be shown.
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Photon Upconversion Sensitized Rare-Earth Fluoride NanoparticlesMonks, Melissa-Jane 26 June 2023 (has links)
Aufkonversions-Nanokristalle (UCNC) zeichnen sich als einzigartige Lumineszenzreporter aus, die Nah-infrarotes Anregungslicht in Photonen höherer Energie umwandeln. Für die gezielte Anpassung von Eigenschaften, bedarf es ein tiefes Verständnis der Prozesse der Aufwärtskonversionslumineszenz (UCL) und deren Abhängigkeit von Material und Partikeldesign.
Diese Doktorarbeit untersucht die UCL-Prozesse von Yb3+,Er3+ dotierten SrF2-UCNC und zielt darauf ab, die UCL-Eigenschaften der bisher unterschätzten kubischen Wirtsgitter zu verstehen und zu steigern. Hierbei wird die fluorolytische Sol-Gel-Synthese als neuartige Syntheseroute für UCNC vorgestellt. Vorteile wie ausgezeichnete Reproduzierbarkeit, viele Freiheitsgrade bei der Temperaturbehandlung und Partikelgestaltung werden anhand von SrF2 UCNC demonstriert.
Die UCNC wurden mittels UCL-Spektren, UCL-Quantenausbeuten, leistungsdichte-abhängiger relativer spektraler Verteilung sowie der Lumineszenzabklingkinetiken unter Einbeziehung kristalliner Eigenschaften wie der Kristallphase, der Kristallitgröße, der Gitterparameter und der Teilchengröße untersucht.
Die Abhängigkeit der UCL-Eigenschaften von der Dotierungsmenge wurde mit einer umfassenden Dotierungsreihe beschrieben und der optimale Dotierungsbereich (Yb3+,Er3+) von kleinen, ungeschalten SrF2-UCNC eingegrenzt. Bei der Studie dotierter Kerne mit passivierenden Schalen wurde der Einfluss von Temperaturbehandlung auf die UCL-Mechanismen und die Kern-Schale-Vermischung untersucht. Anhand von unterschiedlich kalzinierten UCNC Pulvern wurde die Empfindlichkeit der UCL gegenüber der Änderung kristalliner Eigenschaften, wie Kristallphase, Kristallinität, und Kristallitgröße betrachtet. Zusammen liefern die Dotierungs-, die Kern-Schale- und die Kalzinierungsstudie wertvolle Einblicke in das gitterspezifische Verhalten der UCL-Eigenschaften als Funktion der Energiemigration und der Kristalleigenschaften. / Upconversion nanocrystals (UCNC) represent a unique type of luminescence reporters that convert near-infrared excitation light into higher energy photons. Tailoring UCNC with specific luminescence properties requires an in-depth understanding of upconversion luminescence (UCL) processes and their dependence on material and particle design.
This Ph.D. thesis focuses on the UCL processes of Yb3+,Er3+ doped SrF2-UCNC and aims to understand and enhance the UCL properties of the previously underestimated cubic host lattices. Herein, fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis is introduced as a novel synthetic route for UCNC. Advantages such as excellent reproducibility, high flexibility in temperature treatment and particle design are demonstrated using SrF2 UCNC.
The UCNC were characterized by UCL spectra, UCL quantum yields, excitation power density-dependent relative spectral distribution, and luminescence decay kinetics involving crystalline properties such as crystal phase, crystallite size, lattice parameters, and particle size.
The dependence of UCL properties on doping amount was described in a comprehensive doping study, and the optimal doping range (Yb3+,Er3+) of small, unshelled SrF2-UCNC was identified.
In a core-shell study of doped core UCNC with passivating shells, the influence of temperature treatment on UCL mechanisms and core-shell mixing was investigated. Further, using different calcined UCNC powders, the sensitivity of UCL to the change of crystalline properties, such as crystal phase, crystallinity, and crystallite size, was assessed. Together, the doping, core-shell, and calcination studies provide valuable insight into the lattice-specific behavior of UCL properties as a function of energy migration and crystal properties.
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