This thesis describes the current situation on the Swedish labour market as many skilledmigrants have problems to find a relevant job. It explains the barriers for employment, aswell as the support mechanisms used to help the integration on the labour market. Particularfocus lies on the job search motivation, and how do the difficulties to find a job in arelevant professional field affect the job search motivation, and what are the reasons forthese effects. Thematic analysis is used to find recurring themes in the data collected from 5 semistructured interviews, 2 questionnaires and 1 additional interview from an employeeworking with the skilled migrants. Empirical findings show, that the respondents feel that local companies prefer localemployees, and that the migrants ascribe their difficulties to find a relevant job position todiscrimination, as it is common that they get rejected without being able to meet thecompany’s representatives in person. Countless rejected applications are causing feelings offrustration, hopelessness and the migrants’ doubt their ability to find a relevant job, whichleads to decreased job search motivation and underemployment. Furthermore, therespondents are rather motivated by extrinsic motivational factors than intrinsic motivators.However, the findings show that they believe that the job search becomes easier withaccumulated experience and that the difficulties with finding the right job makes therespondents more committed to the attained job. Finally, the authors formulate suggestionsfor further research. KEYWORDS: labour market integration, skilled migrants, job search motivation

O objeto deste trabalho é o fluxo migratório boliviano para São Paulo. Ele tem como objetivo contribuir para os avanços teóricos sobre as migrações em geral, e para o avanço das teorizações sobre as migrações transnacionais em particular, problematizando a estruturação dos fluxos migratórios pelas diferenças de classes sociais. A pesquisa visa responder em que medida as diferenças e hierarquias de classes sociais constituem uma dimensão relevante para a análise e compreensão de fluxos migratórios, especialmente aqueles marcados por forte mobilidade espacial, como o fluxo boliviano para São Paulo. A hipótese que orientou a investigação é de que a extração de classe dos migrantes e sua situação de classe no local de destino são dimensões centrais para a compreensão dos diferentes perfis dos fluxos migratórios, suas condições de integração e relação com o Estado e o espaço público. Foi adotado o conceito de classe social de Max Weber. A investigação se debruçou sobre as condições que dão origem aos fluxos migratórios bolivianos, incluindo sua inserção no sistema migratório regional vinculado aos setores de confecções da capital paulistana e de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Também é discutida a situação de classe dos migrantes em São Paulo, principalmente a partir de suas principais inserções no mercado de trabalho local (setor de confecções e comércio ambulante). A partir deste diagnóstico, é discutida inserção dos migrantes no espaço público, sua relação com o Estado brasileiro e suas formas de organização e associação. Por fim, a partir de uma análise microssocial, discutem-se as motivações e perspectivas do projeto migratório, e o papel dos objetivos de ascensão social na estruturação das suas trajetórias migratórias e de vida. / his study concerns the Bolivian migration flow to São Paulo. Its objective is to contribute to promote theoretical developments on migrations in general, and to the theories on transnational migrations in particular, discussing the structuring role of social classes differences regarding migration flows. This research seeks to answer the following question: to what extent social classes differences and hierarchies are a relevant dimension to the analysis and comprehension of migration flows, especially those characterized by intense special mobility, such as the Bolivian migration flow to São Paulo? The hypothesis that guided the investigation is that the migrants class extraction and their class situation in the place of settlement are central dimensions to comprehending the different types of migration flows, their conditions of integration and their relationship to the state and public space. Max Webers concept of social classes was adopted in this study. The research focused on the conditions that originate the Bolivian migration flows, including their role in the regional migration system related to the garment industry in São Paulo and Buenos Aires (Argentina). It also discusses the migrants class situation in São Paulo, especially according to their main occupations in the São Paulo labor market (garment industry and street trading). Based on this diagnosis, the study discusses the migrants access to the public space, their relationship to the Brazilian state and their associative initiatives. Lastly, from a micro social perspective, it discusses the motivations and perspectives of the migration project, and the role of the rising social mobility objectives in the structuring of their migration and life trajectories.

O objeto deste trabalho é o fluxo migratório boliviano para São Paulo. Ele tem como objetivo contribuir para os avanços teóricos sobre as migrações em geral, e para o avanço das teorizações sobre as migrações transnacionais em particular, problematizando a estruturação dos fluxos migratórios pelas diferenças de classes sociais. A pesquisa visa responder em que medida as diferenças e hierarquias de classes sociais constituem uma dimensão relevante para a análise e compreensão de fluxos migratórios, especialmente aqueles marcados por forte mobilidade espacial, como o fluxo boliviano para São Paulo. A hipótese que orientou a investigação é de que a extração de classe dos migrantes e sua situação de classe no local de destino são dimensões centrais para a compreensão dos diferentes perfis dos fluxos migratórios, suas condições de integração e relação com o Estado e o espaço público. Foi adotado o conceito de classe social de Max Weber. A investigação se debruçou sobre as condições que dão origem aos fluxos migratórios bolivianos, incluindo sua inserção no sistema migratório regional vinculado aos setores de confecções da capital paulistana e de Buenos Aires (Argentina). Também é discutida a situação de classe dos migrantes em São Paulo, principalmente a partir de suas principais inserções no mercado de trabalho local (setor de confecções e comércio ambulante). A partir deste diagnóstico, é discutida inserção dos migrantes no espaço público, sua relação com o Estado brasileiro e suas formas de organização e associação. Por fim, a partir de uma análise microssocial, discutem-se as motivações e perspectivas do projeto migratório, e o papel dos objetivos de ascensão social na estruturação das suas trajetórias migratórias e de vida. / his study concerns the Bolivian migration flow to São Paulo. Its objective is to contribute to promote theoretical developments on migrations in general, and to the theories on transnational migrations in particular, discussing the structuring role of social classes differences regarding migration flows. This research seeks to answer the following question: to what extent social classes differences and hierarchies are a relevant dimension to the analysis and comprehension of migration flows, especially those characterized by intense special mobility, such as the Bolivian migration flow to São Paulo? The hypothesis that guided the investigation is that the migrants class extraction and their class situation in the place of settlement are central dimensions to comprehending the different types of migration flows, their conditions of integration and their relationship to the state and public space. Max Webers concept of social classes was adopted in this study. The research focused on the conditions that originate the Bolivian migration flows, including their role in the regional migration system related to the garment industry in São Paulo and Buenos Aires (Argentina). It also discusses the migrants class situation in São Paulo, especially according to their main occupations in the São Paulo labor market (garment industry and street trading). Based on this diagnosis, the study discusses the migrants access to the public space, their relationship to the Brazilian state and their associative initiatives. Lastly, from a micro social perspective, it discusses the motivations and perspectives of the migration project, and the role of the rising social mobility objectives in the structuring of their migration and life trajectories.

The overall aim of this thesis is to provide an holistic assessment of the financial practices of migrants in advanced Western economies using the analytical lens of risk. More specifically, this research argues that a geographical approach to risk, informed by concerns about time, space and place, is key to understand the full complexities of migrants’ financial decision‐making. In so doing, this research contributes to an emerging body of work that recognises the need for a more nuanced understanding of migrants’ engagement with the formal and informal financial sectors. The study draws on a mixed‐methods research design, which includes 60 in‐depth interviews and 53 structured questionnaire interviews with Congolese and Francophone Cameroonian migrants in London. Empirically, the project explores the formal and informal financial practices of the research participants in relation to banking, savings, credit, debt management, insurance as well as remittance sending. In addition, it reviews the different levels and types of risks encountered by migrants in their everyday lives, and how these shape their financial decision‐making. The thesis develops a framework combining current thinking from risk research with transnational migration and economic geography scholarships in order to uncover the social and geographical embeddedness of migrants’ financial decision‐making. It shows how the risks of financial hardship managed through migration actually evolve across space and time so that some migrants find themselves confronted by the very same risks of economic and social exclusion they sought to avoid by moving. Most noticeably, this research shows how such risks are managed by migrants through ‘mixing and matching’ a range of informal and formal financial practices whereby the costs of being financially excluded are balanced against, and shaped by, migration histories and experiences of living in a highly financialised and increasingly migrant‐averse society.

La thèse a pour objet les descendants de migrants d’origine marocaine, nés en Belgique de parents ayant migré depuis le Maroc, socialisés et vivant à Bruxelles. Les différentes étapes de leurs socialisations les ont mis face à (au moins) une double normativité :la normativité familiale et la normativité issue de la société bruxelloise dans laquelle ils sont nés et où ils connaissent nombre d’interactions. Ces normativités sont à entendre comme des systèmes de valeurs, de pratiques et de représentations qui influent sur les individus et contribuent à forger leur rapport au monde.Ces normativités, sans forcément s’opposer radicalement et en gardant à l’esprit qu’elles sont l’une et l’autre mouvantes, fluctuantes et réactives aux contextes dans lesquelles elles se déploient, c’est-à-dire qu’elles ne peuvent s’envisager de manière figée en raison notamment des capacités d’agir des acteurs qui les composent, sont amenées à s’articuler et incarner des points potentiels de friction ou d’ajustement pour les acteurs, en fonction de certains événements biographiques.C’est dans ce contexte que le choix conjugal a été interrogé. Celui-ci incarne en effet un « moment de vérité » comme l’ont souligné différents auteurs (Remacle, 2005, Streiff-Fenart, 1985, De Villers, 2011) puisque c’est au moment de la mise en couple de leurs enfants, que se présente pour les parents un des enjeux cruciaux de la dimension transmissive entre les générations, transmission qui prend une importance particulière en raison de l’histoire migratoire de la famille. Et pour les enfants, que se pose la question du positionnement individuel entre les attentes familiales et les souhaits personnels nés de leurs socialisations successives. / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-05-19T15:06:43Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AgneiaSiqueiraCienciasSociais.pdf: 1654034 bytes, checksum: bb427c5baab673bf54b04617b811d734 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T15:06:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AgneiaSiqueiraCienciasSociais.pdf: 1654034 bytes, checksum: bb427c5baab673bf54b04617b811d734 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / FAPEMAT - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Mato Grosso / A presente dissertação consiste de um estudo realizado no Centro de Tradições Gaúchas "Estância da Amizade" da cidade de Sinop (MT). O trabalho tem como foco principal, jovens que nasceram no Estado do Mato Grosso (mato-grossenses) que participam do C.T.G. "Estância da Amizade" e possuem pais nascidos na região Sul do Brasil. O objetivo do trabalho é compreender a constituição da identidade dos mato-grossenses que são filhos de sulistas que se encontram estabelecidos na cidade de Sinop (MT) e os meios que caracterizam a presença de aspectos da cultura gaúcha nesta cidade. A pesquisa desenvolvida consta de filmagens, fotografias, conversas semiestruturadas e a participação nas atividades desenvolvidas pelo C.T.G. "Estância da Amizade" por um período de quatro meses. Trata-se de uma etnografia fundamentada em autores que produziram estudos cujos conceitos propiciam uma melhor compreensão do assunto. / This dissertation consists of a study conducted in conducted at the Center for Gaucho Traditions Hut of Friendship of Sinop (MT). The work focuses mainly on young people who were born in Mato Grosso, participate in C.T.G. Ranch of Friendship and have parents born in Southern Brazil. The objective is to understand the constitution of the identity of the people of Mato Grosso who are children of migrants from Southern Brazil who have settledin Sinop (MT) and the elements that characterize aspects the presence of he gaucho culture in this city. The research project developed consists of filming, photographs, semi-structured conversations and participation in activities underkaten by the C.T.G. Ranch Hut of Friendship for a period of four months. It is ethnography an ethnographic study supported by based on authors who have produced studies whose concepts provide greater understanding on provide a better understanding of the subject.

A acelerada transição demográfica ocorrida nas quatro últimas décadas trouxe implicações para os arranjos familiares, as relações de trabalho, o emprego e a renda, além do comum fenômeno da migração, sendo que as complexas relações entre essas dimensões acarretam importantes desafios para o cuidado em saúde dos idosos. No contexto da migração no país, os idosos em condições socioeconômicas desfavoráveis têm migrado por contingências, sobretudo, relativas à saúde e moradia e, na maioria desses casos, o apoio necessário obtido em relação à saúde baseia-se, fundamentalmente, na Atenção Primária à Saúde, sob a Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é compreender as necessidades e o cuidado em saúde de idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo e migrantes do Nordeste, bem como os limites e potencialidades dos serviços de Atenção Primária no tocante a essa problemática. Busca-se, ainda, (re)considerar a relação entre usuários idosos e integrantes de equipes de Saúde da Família no Município de São Paulo, ao compreender a forma como as marcas identitárias são caracterizadas e em que medida podem influenciar a relação entre esses sujeitos, no que se refere ao tratamento de saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de referencial qualitativo, que utilizou a técnica de entrevista em profundidade na produção dos dados empíricos, que consistiu em duas etapas: entrevistas realizadas com 06 idosos, com 60 anos ou mais, que se deslocaram para o Município de São Paulo, em um intervalo de 03 meses a 05 anos, com o propósito de tratar seu(s) problema(s) de saúde; e entrevistas com 09 profissionais de equipes da Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Referente à análise dos depoimentos, utilizou-se a técnica de análise temática de conteúdo, considerando as conjunturas, as razões e as lógicas de falas, bem como as ações e inter-relações estabelecidas com o coletivo e as instituições. Os resultados exibem a complexidade dos sentidos atribuídos às necessidades de saúde dessa população em específico, sendo que, de forma convergente, ambos os grupos entrevistados destacaram o entrelaçamento das necessidades de saúde e do adoecimento. Além disso, os constructos socioculturais regionalizados mostram-se imperativos, uma vez que o processo de significação, diante da necessidade em saúde, assume contornos firmados em experiências anteriores de saúde-doença-cuidado. Já a autopercepção de saúde, a definição de problema e as estratégias e recursos para o cuidado em saúde foram proporcionalmente relativos ao contexto (pessoal, social e econômico) no qual esses idosos estavam inseridos antes de residirem na metrópole paulistana. Segundo os profissionais, a carência de recursos, a falta de conscientização e a dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde em suas localidades de origem resultam, muitas vezes, em um agregado de diagnósticos realizados em São Paulo. Por sua vez, para os idosos, a produção de cuidados está muito mais associada às práticas curativas, sendo pouca a valorização de medidas preventivas e promocionais de saúde. Nesse sentido, de acordo com os profissionais, à medida que não apresentam sinais ou sintomas, eles tendem a cessar o tratamento médico e farmacológico. / The accelerated demographic transition happened in the last four decades brought implications for the family arrangements, the work relationships, the job and the income, besides the common phenomenon of the migration, and the complex relationships among those dimensions cart important challenges for the health care of the aged. In the context of the migration in the country, the aged in unfavorable socioeconomic conditions have been migrating for contingencies relative to, above all, the health and home and, in most of those cases, the necessary support obtained in relation to the health is based, fundamentally, in the Primary Health Care, through the Family Health Strategy. So, the objective of this paper is to understand the needs and health care of aged resident in the Municipal district of São Paulo and transients and migrants of the Northeast, as well as the limits and potentialities of the services of Primary Health Care concerning that problem. Also, it is looked for (re)considering the relationship between the aged users and the teams members of Family Health in the Municipal district of São Paulo, when understanding the form as the identity marks are characterized and in that measured they can influence the relationship among those subjects, in what it refers to the health treatment. This is a qualitative research, that used the in-depth interview technique for the production of the empiric data, that consisted of two stages: interviews with 06 aged, with 60 years old or more, who moved for the Municipal district of São Paulo in an interval of 03 months to 05 years, with the purpose of treating their health problems; and interviews with 09 professionals of teams of the Family Health Strategy. Regarding the analysis of the depositions, the thematic analysis of content technique was used, considering the conjunctures, the reasons and the logics of speeches, as well as the actions and established interrelations with the collective and the institutions. The results exhibit the complexity of the senses attributed to the health needs of that population in specific, and, in a convergent way, both groups detached the interlacement of the health needs and the sickness. Besides, the regional sociocultural thoughts are shown imperatives, once the significance process, before the health need, assumes outlines in previous experiences of health-disease-care. The self-perception of health, the problem definition and the strategies and resources for health care were proportionally relative to the context (personal, social and economical) in which those aged ones were inserted before they live in the metropolis of São Paulo. According to the professionals, the lack of resources, the understanding lack and the access difficulty to the health services in their origin places result, a lot of times, in an attaché of diagnoses accomplished in São Paulo. For the aged, the production of cares is much more associated to the healing practices and it is little the valorization of preventive and promotion measures of health. In that sense, in agreement with the professionals, as they dont present signs or symptoms, they tend to interrupt the medical and pharmacological treatment.

The thesis examines the evidence for migration from Northern Britain to Ireland associated with the activity of the Church. It has a particular focus on British and Pictish individuals. Making use of a wide range of sources from the early medieval period onwards, detailed case-studies consider individual men and women whose activities can be discerned. They assess how the movements of these individuals contributed towards wider trends in the dynamics of migration between Northern Britain and Ireland from the coming of Christianity until the close of the eighth century. The investigation also charts the manner in which such migration was perceived in later centuries and how these perceptions changed as time progressed. A picture emerges of how the ‘migration narrative’ was developed and engaged with in both Ireland and Scotland. This was to have a significant effect on how the character of the early Church was understood.

Inledning: Antalet flyktingar har ökat de senaste åren i Europa och främst i länder som Tyskland, Sverige, och Norge. Sverige tog emot 54605 flyktingar under åren 2016 och 2017. Det har även rapporterats om att flyktingar som flyr till europeiska länder har en ökad risk för psykisk sjuklighet. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att kartlägga faktorer som är betydelsefulla vid en migrationsprocess i västvärlden.Flyktingar som flyr till och lever i europeiska länder kan löpa en ökad risk för psykisk ohälsa. Metod: Att utifrån en litteraturöversikt kartlägga och få en samlad bild kring olika faktorer för psykisk ohälsa hos vuxna flyktingar som lever i västländer. Resultat: I resultatet identifieras fyra faktorer för psykisk ohälsa hos flyktingar som flytt till västländer. Det kan utläsas att faktorer så som traumaupplevelser, socialt kapital, tillgång till vård samt språk och kultur har en påverkan hos den enskildes psykiska mående. / Introduction: The number of refugees has increased in recent years in Europe and mainly in countries such as Germany, Sweden and Norway. Sweden received 54605 refugees in 2016 and 2017. It also has been reported that refugees flying in to European countries have an increased symptoms of psychological disease. Purpose: The purpose of the literature study is to demonstrate different factors that are important in a migration process in western countries.There may be a connection with refugees who flee to and live in European countries that they may run an increased risk of psychological disease. Method: To obtain an overall picture of various factors for psychological symptoms in adult refugees living in western countries based on a literature review. Results: The result identifies four factors for psychological disease mental illness among refugees who move to Western countries. It can be deduced that factors such as trauma experiences, social capital and access to hospital care, language and culture have an influence on the individual's psychological attitude.

In 2013, the Dominican state ruled to uphold a 2010 constitutional amendment that stripped thousands of Dominicans of Haitian origin of their citizenship and forced them to leave the country during summer 2015. About 2,200 of these people became displaced in Anse-à-Pitres, where most took up residence in temporary camps. I use the term forced migrants or displaced persons interchangeably to refer to these people. Many endure challenges in meeting their daily survival needs in Haiti, a country with extreme poverty, considerable political instability, and still in the process of rebuilding itself from the devastating earthquake of 2010. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic field- work in Anse-à-Pitres, I examine how these displaced people, in the face of statelessness and amid their precarious social and economic conditions, create survival strategies by drawing upon everyday labor mobility and informal economic activities within and across their communities. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the involvement of these displaced people in community life through socio-economic practices attests to a sense of belonging and produces a form of substantive citizenship in their absence of legal citizenship. This kind of substantive citizenship is also shaped by the ability of the displaced people to re-define life goals, participate in local meetings with the local state and organizations on the ground, and challenge systems of power that seek to impose their choices upon them. In this dissertation, I argue against construing the displaced people as hopeless by focusing on the forms of power and agency that they exercise in and over their lives, which make them agents of their self-development.