Many elderly patients visiting the emergency department for minor injuries are not assessed for functional status and experience functional decline 6 months post injury. Identifying such high-risk patients can allow for interventions to prevent or minimize adverse health outcomes including loss of independence. For the purpose of a planned clinical decision rule to identify elderly patients at high risk of functional decline a survey of physicians was conducted. A random sample of 534 Canadian geriatricians, emergency and family physicians was selected with half randomly selected to receive an incentive. A response rate of 57.0% was obtained with 90% of physicians considering a drop in function of at least 2 points on the 28-point OARS ADL scale as clinically significant. A sensitivity of 90% would meet or exceed 90% of physicians' requirements for a clinical decision rule to identify injured seniors at high risk of functional decline 6 months post injury.

La matière grasse laitière anhydre (MGLA) est composée à plus de 98 % de triglycérides. Leur diversité, liée à la nature des acides gras estérifiés, induit un comportement complexe de la MGLA lors de sa cristallisation. Par ailleurs, d’autres composés, dits mineurs, présents de manière endogène ou formés lors de procédés de transformation peuvent moduler le processus de cristallisation. Néanmoins, leurs modes d’action sont encore mal connus, rendant la maitrise du processus de cristallisation délicat. La mise en oeuvre de méthodes de caractérisation à différentes échelles (RMN, diffraction des rayons X, microscopie optique, analyse thermique différentielle, rhéologie) et à différentes températures permet de discriminer les mécanismes d’action des composés mineurs sur la cristallisation de la MGLA en phase continue ou dispersée. Ainsi, les composés mineurs modifient la cinétique de cristallisation de la MGLA, en agissant sur ses deux étapes, la nucléation et la croissance. En accélérant ou en ralentissant la vitesse de cristallisation, ils modifient la nature et/ou la structure du réseau cristallin et, éventuellement, les propriétés macroscopiques de la matière grasse. Les mécanismes d’action des composés mineurs sur la cristallisation de la MGLA dépendent de leur nature chimique (longueur de la chaine carbonée, degré d’insaturation, estérification) et de leur concentration. Lorsque la matière grasse est émulsionnée, son confinement et la création d’interfaces complexifient le processus de cristallisation : les composés mineurs modulent la cristallisation via l’interface ou la phase grasse selon leur affinité préférentielle pour l’une ou l’autre des deux phases de l’émulsion et induisent des propriétés thermiques et structurales spécifiques. Ce travail permet, donc, de mieux comprendre les facteurs qui modulent la cristallisation de la matière grasse et ainsi de mieux maitriser l’un des processus déterminants dans l’élaboration de la structure et de la fonctionnalité des produits laitiers. / Anhydrous Milk Fat (AMF) comprises more than 98% triglycerides. The diversity of the esterified fatty acids induces a complex behavior of AMF during crystallization. In addition, other minor components, either endogenously present or added upon processing modulate AMF crystallization. Nevertheless, the mechanisms underlying their mode of action are still poorly understood, making the mastery of fat crystallization difficult. Several characterization methods (NMR, X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, rheology) were implemented to screen a large set of minor components at different scales and temperatures. The approach enabled to gain knowledge about the involved mechanisms, both in bulk and in the emulsified state. Minor components modify the kinetics of AMF crystallization through their impact on the two main stages of the process, nucleation and growth. By accelerating or slowing down the rate of crystallization, they modify the nature and/or the structure of the crystal lattice and, possibly, the macroscopic properties of AMF. The impact of minor components on AMF crystallization depend on their chemical nature (length of the carbon chain, degree of unsaturation, esterification) and on their concentration. When fat is emulsified, confinement and interfacial effects come into play. Minor components modulate crystallization via the oil/water interface or via the fat phase depending on their preferential solubility, which may induce specific thermal and structural properties. On the whole, this study enables a better understanding of the factors that modulate milk fat crystallization and provides useful guidances for a better control of this key process controlling the structure and function of dairy products.

L’époque hellénistique est, pour la péninsule anatolienne, une période d’intensification des circulations. Après la conquête d’Alexandre, elle apparaît en effet pour les Gréco-Macédoniens comme un passage obligé vers l’Orient. Ce travail se propose d’étudier les infrastructures qui permirent ces déplacements : les routes et tous les aménagements qui les bordaient ou assuraient sa continuité ; les fleuves navigables, et les lignes maritimes qui reliaient les ports des côtes micrasiatiques. À partir de différentes études de cas, on montre comment ces voies de circulation fonctionnaient en réseau au niveau local, régional et supra-régional. Dans un second temps, on analyse l’influence des institutions sur l’organisation des circulations : les pouvoirs, par l’installation d’infrastructures, le contrôle des déplacements et diverses politiques économiques et financières, avaient la possibilité d’encourager la circulation des biens et des personnes. Enfin, on s’intéresse aux conditions de déplacement des voyageurs et au déroulement du voyage depuis sa préparation par le biais d’actions religieuses, et le choix d’un mode de déplacement, ou d’un lieu d’hébergement jusqu’à la manière dont le voyageur se repérait pour trouver son chemin dans un territoire dont il avait une représentation plus ou moins précise. / During the Hellenistic Period there was an intensification of movement within Anatolia. After Alexander’s conquest, Asia Minor became, in effect, for Greeks and Macedonians a necessary stepping stone for travel to the East. This thesis begins by studying the infrastructure which facilitated the mobility of people and goods, in particular roads and their facilities, as well as navigable rivers and maritime routes which connected the harbours of Asia Minor. Different case studies demonstrate the existence of local, regional and supra-regional road-networks in this area. The second part of this thesis explores the influence of institutions on the organisation of circulation and the different ways in which authorities could encourage the circulation of goods and people – includingthe creation of infrastructure, the control of mobility, and different economic and financial policies. In conclusion, this thesis examines the conditions of travel from the perspective of the traveller, including religious preparations, the choice of means of transport and accomodation as well as the means travellers used for planning their journeys and navigating and what these tell us about how space and distance were conceived.

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Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2013-04-17T14:46:14Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RMoraes seg.pdf: 667640 bytes, checksum: 08a22aec167a6cbf90bc866abc5af3ae (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Meirelles(rodrigomei@ufba.br) on 2013-05-09T18:06:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RMoraes seg.pdf: 667640 bytes, checksum: 08a22aec167a6cbf90bc866abc5af3ae (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-05-09T18:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RMoraes seg.pdf: 667640 bytes, checksum: 08a22aec167a6cbf90bc866abc5af3ae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / A teoria do "menor maduro"considera o menor de idade sob determinadas circunstancias capaz de dar um consentimento informado autorizando o seu tratamento de saude prescindindo portanto de autorizaçao dos seus pais ou responsavel legal. Com origem em pais de sistema "Common Law" esta teoria é aplicada em paises desenvolvidos constando inclusive em leis de paises do sistema "Civil Law". Analisam-se com a teoria do "menor maduro"a autonomia o consentimento informado a vulnerabilidade e aspectos dos paises perifericos que podem mitigar a aplicaçao da teoria do "menor maduro"face à vulnerabilidade socioecönômica do menor que pode dificultar o seu acesso a certos direitos fundamentais como o respeito à dignidade da pessoa humana o direito à saúde o idreito à vida. Neste contexto analisa-se em que medida esta teoria pode ser aplicada no Brasil diante de condições adversas que são impostas pela sociedade pela pobreza que dificultam o exercicio de direitos fundamentais. Trata-se da teoria do "menor maduro"em uma abordagem bioética dos seus principais pontos como origem legislações pertinentes e sua relação com o principio da autonomia e do consentimento informado. / Salvador

The diploma thesis deals with the medieval controversy over the stigmata of Francis of Assisi. The religious phenomenon of the stigmata is viewed from the point of view of the general development of the spirituality in the High Middle Ages. The work tries to respect the chronological development of the polemics and, accordingly, also focuses on the progress of the Franciscan reflection of the stigmata. One of the chapters is dedicated to the analysis of the origins of the Franciscan tradition of the founder's stigmata. Subsequently, the work describes the resistance against the cult of the stigmatized saint from the point of view of the Franciscan sources and papal bulls, defending the authenticity of the stigmata. The penultimate chapter is dedicated to the development of the Franciscan theology of the stigmata, which resulted in the exaltation of the founder and his order. On the grounds of this development, the stigmata became the subject of rivalry between the Franciscans and the Dominicans, as discussed in the last chapter.

This thesis presents the relation between the manifestations of crime and the use of leisure time among youth, which were searched in the research, the delinquent behavior of minors and adolescents, who are committed to the delinquency Prachatice, in the years 2009-2012, assuming that young offenders are commit crimes, as the most serious degree of risk behavior, almost always in my spare time. In this work the author tries to find out what connection can be found between youth criminal manifestations and use of leisure time of youth.

Mouse polyomavirus (MPyV) capsid is composed of the main capsid protein VP1 and minor capsid proteins VP2 and VP3. Minor proteins are not essential capsid assembly, but they are key for efficient viral infection. The first part of this thesis studies the modifications of VP2 and VP3, the deamidation of Asn at 253 of VP2 (137 of VP3) and N-terminal acetylation of Ala of VP3, which could be the cause of double bands for VP2 and VP3 on SDS-PAGE. Mutated genomes of MPyV N253D (Asn to Asp) and N253E (Asn to Glu) simulating deamidation and A117V (Ala to Val) with reduced acetylation were prepared previously. We prepared three isolations of the mutant viruses and we confirmed that the deamidation is the cause of the double bands. Mutant viruses were compared to the wild type in terms of efficiency of infection, but the role of deamidation could not be proven. Virus A117V is noninfectious either due to lowered acetylation or the substitution of amino acid at this position. This thesis also studies the role of -tubulin acetylation in the infection of MPyV. The role of -tubulin acetylation in viral infection is being investigated to find new antiviral strategies. Acetylation rises after MPyV infection, but this is not due to a change in mRNA expression of tubulin acetylating (TAT1) or deacetylating enzyme...

This is a Minor Field Study (MFS) which is a scholarship financed by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA). It was conducted in the province of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa in 2007/2008. The purpose of this study is to understand the role of the political representative in the system of political representation and it will test the different theories of political representation based on interests or identity. This study is concerned with the function of the political representatives as they are the link between the system of representation and the electorate. Since the election system is designed for political representation based on interest and the voting in South Africa suggests voting based on identity/race the representatives must balance these different signals.

This paper outlines the current situation of Internet usage and attitudes towards the Internet among ordinary people in Arusha, Tanzania, and examines the views of ordinary citizens on the effects of the arrival of Internet and the possible digital divide. Using qualitative interviews with equal groups of ordinary Internet users and ordinary non- Internet users in Arusha, the authors found varying levels of awareness about Internet services and facilities and their availability. There was also a widespread concern about immoral western influences communicated by the Internet and how it may affect the domestic culture. It was clearly shown that Internet usage and the possibility to utilize the information found is dependent on education levels and the economic situation of the users, two closely related factors. To get additional views on the subject interviews were also carried out with representatives for Radio and TV stations as well as newspapers located in Arusha, institutions for higher education in the ICT field, Internet providers, and Arusha Municipal Council. To examine the actual Internet usage we extracted random samples of visited websites in several of the Internet cafés, which most of the Arushans use to access the Internet. It was found that government action is necessary that the in order to bridge the digital divide, but as a result of systematic censorship of media government efforts meet a profound distrust among people, neither does the government consider this to be any of their responsibilities.