Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico / A presente pesquisa trata da execuÃÃo da medida socioeducativa liberdade assistida, prevista no Estatuto da CrianÃa e do Adolescente. Tal medida à uma das sanÃÃes direcionadas aos adolescentes em conflito com a lei. O campo empÃrico analisado foi o Programa Liberdade Assistida ComunitÃria (LAC), pertencente à Pastoral do Menor (PAMEM) â organismo vinculado à Igreja CatÃlica â no municÃpio de Fortaleza, no estado do Cearà â Brasil. O objetivo foi perceber e analisar quais as formas e os significados desse tipo de aÃÃo em um determinado setor da Igreja CatÃlica; quais as prÃticas e percepÃÃes movidas pelos agentes que compÃem a PAMEN, em especial, os profissionais da equipe do LAC; como isso influencia na atuaÃÃo e no tipo de polÃtica ofertada aos adolescentes e jovens a quem o Programa se propÃe atender; e quais as relaÃÃes e percepÃÃes referentes ao poder pÃblico. Esta pesquisa possui, portanto, interface entre os chamados campos das PolÃticas PÃblicas para InfÃncia, AdolescÃncia e Juventude e o das PolÃticas Sociais da Igreja CatÃlica. Ambos possuem regras e funcionamentos prÃprios e sÃo formados por diversas disputas polÃtico-ideolÃgicas, nas quais existem conflitos, tensÃes e negociaÃÃes sobre os tipos de discursos e aÃÃes a serem adotados. Nesse contexto, ressalta-se que as lutas simbÃlicas (BOURDIEU, 2003, 2005, 2008) em relaÃÃo ao tratamento dado ou que deveria ser proporcionado aos referidos adolescentes possuem hierarquias e conexÃes entre os diversos agentes e instituiÃÃes envolvidos em suas trajetÃrias. / This research deals with the execution of the socio-educational procedure for assisted conditional release of minors according to the Child and Adolescent By-laws. This measure is one of the sanctions applied to adolescents who have broken the law. The empirical field under analysis was the Assisted Conditional Release Community Program (LAC) developed by the Catholic Churchâs organization Pastoral do Menor (PANEM) in the city of Fortaleza, State of Ceara, Brazil. The aim was to identify and evaluate configurations and meanings of that kind of action within a certain area of the Catholic Church; what were the practices and perceptions undertaken by the PAMENâs agents, mainly by professionals from LAC; how this has an effect on the action and the kind of politics offered to targeted adolescents and other young people by the Program; and what is the role of the government in face of those relations and perceptions. This research has, therefore, an interface with the so-called areas covered by Public Policies for Infancy, Adolescence and Youth as well as Social Policies from the Catholic Church. Both institutions, government and Catholic Church, have their own rules and procedures and are influenced by several political and ideological disputes from which arise conflicts, tensions and negotiations related to the kind of discourse and actions to be adopted. Within this configuration one is to center attention upon the symbolic struggles (Bourdieu, 2003, 2005, 2008) that present hierarchies and connections involving the several agents and institutions in relation to the treatment given or that should be given to the these adolescents in their trajectories.

Objetivo: desenvolver sistema de suporte à decisão clínica dos farmacêuticos no manejo de sintomas menores (SM) com medicamentos isentos de prescrição (MIPs). Métodos: Inicialmente, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, entre janeiro 1980 a agosto de 2010, nas bases de dados Medline/Pubmed, Scopus, Lilacs e Embase. Posteriormente, uma amostra de conveniência de farmacêuticos comunitários (FC) participou de uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada nas farmácias comunitárias de duas grandes redes em Aracaju, no período de Junho a Agosto de 2012. Em seguida, a metodologia do paciente simulado (PS) foi aplicada a mesma amostra de FC com dois casos de SM (1 - mulher adulta com sinusite; 2 - mulher grávida com tosse seca e dor nas costelas). As simulações foram avaliadas de acordo com o instrumento desenvolvido pela Farmacopéia dos Estados Unidos (USP) chamado "Medication Counseling Behavior Guidelines" e validado para o português. No período de fevereiro de 2012 a janeiro de 2014, foi desenvolvido um software para auxiliar o farmacêutico no processo de manejo de SM do trato respiratório com MIPs. Para tanto, 7 farmacêuticos clínicos, juntamente com engenheiros de produção, determinaram o conteúdo dos algoritmos. Resultados: Apenas nove artigos preencheram todos os critérios de inclusão estabelecidos na revisão sistemática. Foi observado que quatro estudos relataram adesão do paciente a orientação do farmacêutico. Participaram da entrevista 40 FC e destes, 62,9% não cursaram na graduação disciplina sobre o manejo de SM. As respostas dos FC sobre sua atitude frente a automedicação, revelou que a depender do tempo da queixa eles indicam um tratamento ou encaminham o paciente ao médico. Foram realizadas 80 simulações que apresentaram um tempo total de atendimento farmacêutico de 91,31 segundos (DP ±68,63). A análise das simulações revelou que 83,3% e 72,5% dos FC recomendaram a visita ao médico para o PS1 e para o PS2, respectivamente. Foi observado que 45% e 17% dos FC revisaram a solicitação do paciente antes da orientação. No processo de desenvolvimento do software, os farmacêuticos especialistas apontaram que os algoritmos deveriam explorar as características dos SM (início, frequência, duração), os tratamentos farmacológicos e não- farmacológicos apropriados e os parâmetros de encaminhamento do paciente ao médico. A versão final do software proporciona a determinação de diagnóstico condizente com o conjunto de sinais e sintomas do paciente, retornando ao farmacêutico uma pequena lista das possíveis enfermidades. Conclusão: O software poderá melhorar as condições de trabalho dos farmacêuticos comunitários, adicionando-lhes maior evidência cientifica no manejo de SM com MIPs.

Submitted by Josiane ribeiro (josiane.caic@gmail.com) on 2015-04-24T13:31:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_dissertacao_versão_final - Lista de Ilustrações.pdf: 2240391 bytes, checksum: 13f24967fe5b94c8dfc491e4d905802b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor de Carvalho (vitor_carvalho_im@hotmail.com) on 2015-05-19T17:00:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_dissertacao_versão_final - Lista de Ilustrações.pdf: 2240391 bytes, checksum: 13f24967fe5b94c8dfc491e4d905802b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-19T17:00:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo_dissertacao_versão_final - Lista de Ilustrações.pdf: 2240391 bytes, checksum: 13f24967fe5b94c8dfc491e4d905802b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / A presente dissertação tem como questão central investigar como um Consultório na Rua (CnR) tem se relacionado com os moradores de rua frente às atuais discussões sobre as políticas públicas para população em situação de rua no Brasil. Dessa questão principal desdobram-se mais três perguntas de pesquisa:quais clínicas são praticadas pela equipe do CnR?Como tem ocorrido a participação e a in/exclusão dos moradores de rua nos serviços de saúde?De quais formas a sociedade vem lidando com a população em situação de rua na cidade? Para dar conta de responder e problematizar tais questões, realizei uma cartografia inspirada na perspectiva da psicologia social e institucional. Com relação às minhasferramentas teóricas, faço uso de noções tanto do campo da filosofia, a partir de Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze e Félix Guattari, quanto do campo da saúde coletiva, com Émerson Merhy, Túlio Franco e Antônio Lancetti. Acompanhei uma equipe de CnR da cidade de Porto Alegre durante cinco meses, participando das abordagens de rua junto a pessoas em situação de rua no município. Sistematizei a minha investigação em quatro partes: na primeira, apresento as Crônicas Urbanas, textos inspirados em uma estética literária, a fim de expor alguns conflitos, tensões, afetos e agenciamentos que vivenciei durante a pesquisa de campo. As crônicas também servem como disparadoras de problematizações da pesquisa. Na segunda parte, trago as opções e os detalhamentos metodológicos (o making of da pesquisa e das crônicas). Na terceira parte, contextualizo de maneira mais detalhada os cenários que permeiam as políticas públicas para usuários de drogas e para pessoas em situação de rua. Por fim, na quarta parte, trago as inquietações e problematizações da pesquisa de campo. Parte dos enunciados e discursividades acerca dos usuários de drogas e dos moradores de rua tem ido na direção de construir a imagem do anormal contemporâneo. Alguns dos efeitos de tal construção são novas formas de manifestação de racismo e a criminalização dos sujeitos que usam drogas e que vivem em situação de rua. Ao analisar as práticas de in/exclusão sob a perspectiva foucaultiana, percebo que tanto as políticas de recolhimento e internação compulsória quanto a política dos Consultórios na Rua fazem parte das estratégias biopolíticas atuais, sendo as primeiras pelo viés da exclusão e a segunda pelo viés da inclusão. No âmbitomicropolítico, do encontro entre trabalhador do CnR e usuário, são possíveis diferentes linhas de fuga, fissuras e resistências à perspectiva biopolítica que deseja instituir-se. A partir das práticas dos trabalhadores do CnR que acompanhei, pude notar diversas tensões e afetos, que culminam, entre outras coisas, em uma clínica pautada pela estratégia de redução de danos e em algo que chamei de uma clínica menor. A clínica menor constitui-se nas práticas de subversão a uma clínica maior, de afirmação de outros modos de existência e dedesterritorialização e possibilidade de produção de novos desenhos e arranjos coletivos, como práticas de resistência e enfrentamento às ações fascistas do campo da saúde. / The current dissertation has as a central issue to investigate how a Clinic in Street – CiS has been related to the homeless, given the current discussions on public policy for the homeless population in Brazil. From this main question, unfolds three more research questions: Which clinics are practiced by the CiS staff? How has occurred the participation and in/exclusion of the homeless in health services? In what ways society has been dealing with the homeless population in the cities? In order to be able to answer these questions and discuss such issues, I created a map inspired on the perspective of social and institucional psychology. With respect to my theoretical affiliation, I use the notions both of the philosophy field, from Michel Foucault, Gilles Deleuze and FélizGuattari, and the field of collective health, with ÉmersonMerhy, Túlio Franco and AntônioLancetti. I accompanied a CiS team from the city of Porto Alegre during five months, taking part in street approaches with homeless people in the city. I systematized my research into four parts: in the first I present the Urban Chronicles, texts inspired by a literary aesthetic, in order to expose some conflits, tensions, affections and assemblages that I have been through during my field research. The Chronicles also serve as triggers of problematizations for the research. In the second part I bring the options and methodologicdetailments (the making of, of the Chronicles and the research). In the third part I contextualize in a more detailed way, the scenarios that permeate the public policies for drug users and for people in street situation. Finally, in the fourth part, I bring the concerns and problems found in field research. Part of the statements and discourses about the drug users and homeless people has been gone towards the direction of building an image of the contemporary abnormal. Some of the effects of such construction are the new ways of racism manifestation and the criminalization of drug using and street living subjects. By analyzing the practices of in/exclusion under the foucauldian perspective, I realize that both, the policies of gathering and compulsory hospitalization, and the policies of Clinics in Street, are part of the current biopolitical strategies, being the first through the point of view of exclusion and the second through the point of view of inclusion. In a micropolitical level, the encounter between the workers and users of the CiS, are possible different lines of flight, fissures and resistance to the biopolitical perspective that has been wanted to be established. From the practices of CiS workers that I have followed, I could notest several tensions and affections, that culminate, among other things, in a clinic based by the strategy of damage reduction and by something that I called minor clinic. The minor clinic constitutes itself on the practices of subversion to a major clinic, of affirmation of other ways of existence and of deterritorialization and the possibility of production of new designs and collective arrangements, as practices of resistance and confrontation of the fascist actions in the field of health.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:21:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao cintia f goncalves odontologia 2009.pdf: 430474 bytes, checksum: f21b41a1da7080f7f0755bb0019a8531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-22 / Aims: Investigate the prognostic significance of cellular proliferation indexes and mucosecretional activity in Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (MEC) of oral cavity minor salivary glands using the immunoexpression of the protein Ki-67 and the glycoprotein MUC1 in young people and adults, by correlating these markers to clinical and pathological parameters. Material and methods: From 1987 to 2007, 35 cases of MEC were diagnosed in minor salivary glands. Demographic clinical data were obtained from clinical records, the microscopic diagnosis was revisited and the specimens were reclassified in terms of histologic grading, according to the system used by Batsakis & Luna (1990). Qualitative and quantitative analyses of the expression of Ki-67 protein and MUC1 glycoprotein, obtained through immunohistochemistry, were correlated to the variables: age, gender and histologic grading. Results: The cases of MEC (n=35) were more frequently found in people over thirty (60%), with predilection for females (1.7:1) and occurred most frequently in the hard palate (54.3%). Of the cases studied, 42.9% were low grade, 37.1% intermediate and 20% high grade. A greater expression of Ki-67 was found for adults while the greater expression for young people was MUC1, although neither result was statistically significant (Ki-67 / P=0.44 e MUC1 / P=0.5). In addition no prognostic relation was seen between male and female, despite the greater expression of both markers for males (Ki-67 / P=0.58; MUC1 / P=0.4). In terms of histologic grading intermediate and high grade tumors presented a greater expression for both markers, but without any statistical significance (Ki-67 / P=0.18; MUC1 / P=0.6). Conclusions: MEC in minor salivary glands could present a tendency of lesser aggressiveness in younger patients when compared to adults; in females when compared to males, and in tumors of low histologic grade when compared to those of intermediate or high grade. Furthermore, this tumor may have a tendency to higher mucossecretory activity in young than in adults, in males than in females and in intermediate and high grade tumors. / Objetivos: Investigar a significância prognóstica dos índices de proliferação celular e da atividade mucossecretora no Carcinoma Mucoepidermóide (CME) de glândulas salivares menores de cavidade oral através da imunoexpressão da proteína Ki-67 e da glicoproteína MUC1 em indivíduos jovens e adultos, correlacionando-os aos parâmetros clínico-patológicos. Material e métodos: De 1987 a 2007, foram diagnosticados 35 casos de CME em glândulas salivares menores. Dados clínicos e demográficos foram obtidos dos prontuários, diagnóstico microscópico revisitado e os espécimes foram reclassificados, quanto à gradação histológica. Análises qualitativas e quantitativas da expressão da proteína Ki-67 e da glicoproteína MUC1, obtidas por imunoistoquímica, foram correlacionadas às variáveis: idade, gênero e gradação histológica, visando suas implicações prognósticas. Resultados: Os casos de CME (n=35) foram mais freqüentes em indivíduos acima dos 30 anos (60%), com predileção para o gênero feminino (1,7:1). O palato duro foi o sítio de maior ocorrência (54,3%). 42,9% foram de baixo grau; 37,1% intermediário e 20% alto grau. Foi observada uma maior expressão de Ki-67 para os adultos e de MUC1 para os jovens, embora, com resultados estatisticamente não significantes (Ki-67 / P=0,44 e MUC1 / P=0,5). Além disso, não foi observada relação prognóstica entre o gênero masculino e feminino, apesar da maior expressão de ambos marcadores para o gênero masculino (Ki-67 / P=0,58; MUC1 / P=0,4). Quanto à gradação histológica os tumores de grau intermediário e alto grau apresentaram maior expressão para ambos marcadores, embora, sem significância estatística (Ki-67 / P=0,18; MUC1 / P=0,6). Conclusões: O CME em glândula salivar menor pode apresentar tendência à menor atividade de proliferação celular no paciente jovem do que no adulto; no gênero feminino do que no gênero masculino, e em tumores de baixo grau histológico do que intermediário e alto grau. Além disso, este tumor pode apresentar tendência a maior atividade mucossecretora no indivíduo jovem que no adulto, no gênero masculino que no feminino e em tumores de intermediário e alto grau que em tumores de baixo grau histológico.

Orientador: Kanavillil Rajagopalan / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T01:33:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zaidan_JuniaClaudiaSantanadeMattos_D.pdf: 1280397 bytes, checksum: b31cb87dd36efd7f2cfe5be493a149b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nesta tese, discute-se a difusão mundial do inglês, apresenta-se uma crítica da base conceitual sobre a qual se constitui o discurso a respeito deste fenômeno, bem como uma proposta de conceituação articulada entre a Nova Pragmática (RAJAGOPALAN, 2010) e a filosofia da linguagem. O objeto deste estudo é o World English (WE, RAJAGOPALAN, 2004), utilizado por falantes de línguas nativas diversas. Com o objetivo de apontar a insuficiência da base epistemológica para o WE, volta-se primeiramente para a sociolinguística (JENKINS, 2003, SCHNEIDER, 2007) que, embora reconheça a inerente variabilidade da língua, produz discursos comprometidos com o universalismo ao insistir na busca de padrões constantes no uso e ao furtar-se a tratar a língua como categoria política e não ontológica. Na Linguística, o falante nativo idealizado e a língua como estrutura (BLOOMFIELD, 1933; CHOMSKY, 1965) também produzem um WE que fortalece o fundacionismo, mantendo as práticas linguageiras (uso, descrição e ensino) atreladas aos padrões anglo-americanos. Na Linguística Aplicada, apesar das contribuições de Kachru (1985), com a proposição dos Círculos Concêntricos; de Phillipson (1992), com a crítica ao 'imperialismo linguístico', e de Jenkins (2003), com o estudo da variação do WE, mantém-se o centramento, privilegiando supostas essências. Valorações de desempenho linguístico, segregação de profissionais, políticas de publicação restritivas - todas referendadas pelo eurocentrismo - são discutidas como efeitos materiais das invenções naturalizadas por este regime metadiscursivo (MAKONI & PENNYCOOK, 2007) criticado nesta investigação em face da demografia do inglês, que hoje inclui apenas um falante nativo entre quatro não nativos. Ilustra-se este estudo com dados do International Corpus of English, e com as regularidades detectadas por Seidlhofer (2004) no Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English e aquelas propostas por Jenkins (op.cit.) através do Common Core. A partir do conceito de literatura menor (DELEUZE & GUATTARI, 1977), ancoramos a tese de um inglês menor no postulado da Nova Pragmática, segundo o qual a linguagem e a ação humana pressupõem-se reciprocamente (AUSTIN, 1962), o que expõe i- a indissociabilidade entre a linguagem e a metalinguagem e, portanto, a intervenção da teorização na ontologia que a tradição platônica fez crer como existente a priori; e ii- a natureza ético-política da teorização, uma vez que este exame do WE assume sua inscrição no social. Tem-se, pois, que o inglês menor, ao invés de apontar para um quantitativo reduzido de usuários, indica um uso não amparado pelo poder das instituições, um uso que se detecta como potência de variação e não como poder das constantes; um uso que não opera como raiz de árvore, mas por rizoma, a desterritorializar-se em seu devir, escapando à palavra de ordem ratificadora de fundacionismos e universais. Como micropolítica linguística, propõem-se os seguintes princípios para uma pedagogia menor do WE: privilegiar o híbrido, o repertório de línguas - incluída a língua mãe - e de estratégias; rejeitar toda sorte de prescrição metodológica; fomentar a consciência metalinguística, a noção de opacidade do texto e de gramática como epifenômeno, o pertencimento provisório a comunidades de prática, o uso da língua como ação política e a negociação interacional / Abstract: This thesis discusses the spread of English worldwide and presents both, a critique of the conceptual framework on which the discourse about this phenomenon rests, and an alternative theoretical proposal grounded on New Pragmatics (RAJAGOPALAN, 2010) and on the philosophy of language. Our object of study is, thus, the English used by speakers of distinct native languages, i.e., World English (WE, RAJAGOPALAN, 2004). Sociolinguistic accounts of WE are revised (JENKINS, 200, SCHNEIDER, 2007) and presented as evidence of a resilient universalist orientation reflected on the insistent quest for and reification of patterns of use. Both, the idealized native speaker and the construct 'language', as defined by Linguistics (BLOOMFIELD, 1933; CHOMSKY, 1965) are examined as part and parcel of the foundationism which keeps language practices (use, description and pedagogy) still attached to angloamerican standards. As for Applied Linguistics, even though contributions from several studies (KACHRU, 1985; PHILLIPSON, 1992; and JENKINS, 2003) have shed light on the phenomenon, thus providing a more pluralistic view of the spread and an increasing political awareness in its study, centralization and the pervasive essentialism in the field are still strong, as the analysis shows. Value judgments of linguistic performance, restrictive publishing policies and the segregation of professionals are, it is argued, the material effects of the naturalized inventions perpetrated by the metadiscursive regimes (MAKONI & PENNYCOOK, 2007) criticized in this research. This enterprise is undertaken mainly in view of the demography of English in the contemporary scenario, which displays native speakers and nonnative speakers in a ratio of 1 to 4, respectively. Data from The International Corpus of English, as well as from the patterns identified by Seidlhofer (2004) in the Vienna-Oxford International Corpus of English, and by Jenkins (op.cit.) in the Common Core are used as a resource for the investigation we set out to pursue. The precept of New Pragmatics (Cf. AUSTIN, 1962), namely that language and human action are mutually inclusive, is understood as implying that i- since language and metalanguage cannot be set apart, theory-building is but neutral in affecting ontology, which contradicts the platonic tradition; ii- theory-building is ethical-political by nature, thus compelling us to acknowledge the study of WE as inscribed in social reality. Our proposal of minor English is based on the concept of minor literature, as put forward by Deleuze and Guattari (1977). Minor does not refer to the quantity of users, but to the use they make of language. In other words, by distancing itself from the rigid standards of institutionalized power, a minor English escapes from the constraints of supposedly permanent regularities and induces an imbalance in its components, taking advantage of its rhizomatic design to deterritorialize the major uses of language through its ongoing process of becoming. Not subject to an arborescent structure, a minor English is rid of the order word that ractifies universalism and purism, thus calling for a minor pedagogy for WE, which involves: privileging hybridity and the repertoire of strategies/languages - including the mother tongue; rejecting methodological prescriptivism; raising metalinguistic awareness; fostering interactional negotiation, an understanding of texts as opaque, of grammar as epiphenomenal, of language use as political action, and of communities as practice / Doutorado / Linguistica / Doutora em Linguística

In 2009 a member of the Ugandan parliament presented a draft law called ”the Anti-homosexuality bill”. The bill included further restrictions against homosexuality, which already is a crime in Uganda. For instance it suggested that homosexuals should be sentenced to death. The world reacted strongly to this draft law and proclaimed it to violate principles of universal human rights. Media, political leaders and non-governmental organisations all over the world condemned the draft law and a discussion about human rights in Uganda rose. The perception of the international society, criticising the draft law, seemed to be that human rights are universal and should be valid in every state of the world, whereas the message from Ugandan politicians indicated that they ought to be able to legislate without any external interference. This thesis aims to define discourses of human rights within the Ugandan society. We will focus on the Ugandan government and the Ugandan civil society and we will distinguish differences between urban and rural areas. To be able to define a discourse of human right in the Ugandan civil society we performed a field study in the country during eight weeks from April to June 2010. This was made possible through a minor field study scholarship (MFS), funded by SIDA. With our base in the capital Kampala we travelled around the country to visit and interview organisations in both urban and rural areas. The gathered data was then analysed and compared with the data of the Ugandan government, which was achieved through text analyses. Our thesis will show that there are apparent differences in discourses and perceptions of human rights. We divide the studied areas into three discourses; the government, national NGOs and regional NGOs. In the last part of our thesis we will present conclusions and reflections about the result of the field study.

Knowledge is the Key - Internet access, utilization and opinions in Grenada, West Indies Information and knowledge contributes to growth and development through empowering individuals and communities, creating opportunities to improve their living conditions. Technology is advancing rapidly and the Information and Communication Technology, ICT, provides new ways to attain information. Especially the Internet is regarded to be a source of information and knowledge. However, there are still many places in the world where Internet access is not yet available to everyone. The consequences are that people in developing countries do not get the opportunity to benefit from the new technology and the possibilities it brings. The research for this thesis was carried out in Grenada during November and December 2006. Grenada is a small independent island in the English speaking Caribbean, where only a small percentage of the population has Internet access. The purpose of the study is to examine if a selection of young individuals in Grenada can obtain enhanced knowledge through using the Internet. Furthermore, the study intends to depict what attitudes and opinions can be found among the youths, focusing on the possibilities as well as the negative effects of the Internet. This study was conducted trough a qualitative orientated methodological perspective with strategically selected respondents between 11 and 35 years old. Qualitative interviews were being made with nine individuals who were using the Internet regularly. The conclusion of this thesis is that organized strategies and projects are required, with the aim to create motives for the young generation of Grenada to obtain enhanced knowledge through Internet usage. The access and availability in itself is not enough, because seeking information and knowledge is not the main purpose when the youths are using the Internet. Nevertheless, the respondents stated that the Internet is considered to be a source of information and knowledge and that they know where and how to find information when using the Internet, if they wanted to. The result also reveals an overall positive attitude towards the Internet and the future among the youths, yet still well aware of the negative consequences. The respondents expressed a desire to be able to keep up with the technology and wished for increased and improved accessibility and connectivity in Grenada. Another interesting conclusion this research generated is the confirmation of the digital divide as a matter of global stratification, rather than differences between countries. Regardless of the country of origin, people with Internet access will have advantages in life and benefit from the technology, unlike those who have no access and hence, will fall even further behind.

Isolated hip fracture following a minor fall is a serious injury, normally requiring urgent surgical treatment and a complex recovery journey. Although commonly associated with the elderly, incidence and impact in adults under 60 years of age may be underestimated. The extensive literature almost exclusively focuses on the elderly, surgical interventions and relatively short-term outcomes. Young adults are also missing from the dominant societal discourse and healthcare policy on fragility hip fracture. They therefore represent a silent sub-subset of the fragility hip fracture population, whose recovery experiences and needs, particularly in the longer term, remain largely unknown. A critical interpretivist approach and The Silences Framework (Serrant-Green, 2011), were used to ‘give voice’ to young adults with isolated hip fracture. Thirty participants, between one and ten years post injury, completed an in-depth, minimally structured interview in which they told their story of recovery. An inductive, thematic analysis was undertaken integrating Braun and Clarke (2006) and the four phase cyclical analysis of The Silences Framework (Serrant-Green, 2011). One cross-cutting theme: Communication emerged, together with four other main themes: Experience of care, Impact on self, Impact on others and Moving forward. 11 The findings indicated wide variation in the quality of care, often influenced by social and professional norms regarding hip fracture patient characteristics such as age and mode of injury. Multi-faceted, often long term, physical, social and psychological impact on participants, their family and wider social networks was also found. This included Post Traumatic Stress Disorder type symptoms and impact on work, finances and relationships. The study highlighted some limitations of the current hip fracture care pathway for supporting the specific recovery needs of young adults. It also identified some limited effectiveness of commonly used patient reported outcome measures for hip fracture in this young client group. Exploring the recovery experiences of this under-represented group confirmed, but also altered the silences initially identified. Furthermore, it uncovered new silences which informed recommendations for future research; healthcare practice and policy. This study offers the first long term exploration of the impact of isolated hip fracture following a minor fall in young adults from their perspective. In doing so, it has also demonstrated the appropriateness of The Silences Framework (Serrant-Green, 2011) for guiding a person-centred, experience-based, acute orthopaedic/rehabilitation study undertaken by a student researcher.

Målet med projektet är att undersöka om det går att effektivisera hur man undersöker människors gener. Detta görs genom att skapa ett program i Java. Resultatet är ett program som sorterar genotypdata från 1000 Genomes Project och utvärderar nyttan av att undersöka genotyper från flera individer samtidigt.

L’étude archéologique des auditoria dans le monde romain en tant que salles de cours, de lectures publiques, de démonstrations rhétoriques pouvait sembler impossible. En effet les sources littéraires indiquent que ces activités se pratiquaient, semble-t-il, dans des lieux indifférenciés, portique, salle du conseil local, temple, thermes, théâtre, cubiculum etc. Les sources épigraphiques sont très pauvres et ne peuvent être corrélées à des vestiges archéologiques précis. En outre, à supposer que de tels lieux aient existé, comment pourraient-ils être identifiables ? Y a-t-il une structure spécifique à une salle de cours comme il y a en a pour des latrines, un théâtre, une basilique civile ? La découverte au XXe siècle de plus d’une vingtaine de salles au centre de l’Alexandrie antique ainsi que celle, plus récente, des « Auditoria d’Hadrien » à Rome incite à rouvrir le dossier archéologique ; en outre certaines salles ou édifices avaient été par le passé caractérisés comme ayant une fonction d’enseignement ou de divertissement intellectuel. Mais aucune synthèse n’avait été proposée jusqu’à maintenant. Le catalogue ici constitué étudie 127 salles édifices ou espaces, dont 84 relèvent de sources archéologiques. Il en ressort un tableau d’une grande diversité tant du point de vue de la dimension des salles ou édifices et donc de leur capacité, que du point de vue de la structure (plans en hémicycle ou quadrangulaire, salles dans un complexe ou édifices indépendants, salles ou édifices à gradins droit, courbes, sans gradin…) ; les données sur l’élévation sont pauvres en général tout comme celles sur la décoration, sauf exception. Cette grande diversité, ainsi que les difficultés mentionnées initialement, conduisent à interroger explicitement les critères d’identification des salles ou édifices comme lieu de la paideia ou des monstrations rhétoriques. Celle-ci ne repose pas sur l’identification d’une structure, comme on peut le fait pour un théâtre, une basilique, des latrines etc… En fait, il n’y a aucune critère permettant l’identification : la décoration n’est pas spécifique et même si l’itération est un trait souvent présent il n’est ni nécessaire ni suffisant. Aussi, l’identification repose, non sur des critères, mais sur une méthode, qui combine plusieurs approches : certes la prise en compte de la structure, de l’itération mais aussi la considération de la syntaxe architecturale, l’insertion dans la topographie urbaine ainsi que l’étude du contexte culturel, sans oublier la polyfonctionnalité de l’architecture romaine. Les identifications auxquelles on parvient ainsi n’ont pas un caractère de certitude absolue ; elles relèvent de tous les degrés de la croyance et sont donc soumises à discussion et révision. / The archaeological study of the auditoria in the Roman world, as class-room, spaces for recitationes or declamations could seem impossible. From literary sources, these activities was performed in no specific spaces, as portico, bouleuterion, templum, theater, cubiculum and so on…Epigraphical sources are scarce and can’t be linked to well-defined archaeological finds. Furthermore, even such spaces have been real, it seems impossible to identify them: a class-room has not a proper structure. In the XXth century, 20 class-rooms were unearthed in the center of antic Alexandria and more recently, “the Hadrian auditoria” were discovered in the center of Rome; in the past, some spaces or building have been characterized as auditoria but a synthesis has never been tried till now. In the catalogue, 127 rooms or buildings, 84 from archaeological sources, are studied. These rooms or buildings are very various; they have different plans; the elevation is often unknown; the decoration is not specific; the capacity is variable. From this diversity and the difficulties listed up, the problem of the identification of the paideia spaces rises. In fact there is no criterion for the identification: neither the structure, nor the decoration or the ‘iteration’ are specific features. The identification is possible through a method and not from criterion. The method combines different points of view: the study of the structure and iteration of course, but also the architectural syntax, the urban topography, the cultural context and the ‘polyfunctionality’ of the Roman architecture. So the degrees of the belief concerning the suggested identifications are various; so they can be discussed and reappreciated.