Submitted by JÚLIO HEBER SILVA (julioheber@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-12-12T15:53:35Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Débora Danielle Alves Moraes Priebe - 2016.pdf: 1557477 bytes, checksum: 54ff96d96b239797a8305d6ff67e2f12 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-12-13T19:31:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Débora Danielle Alves Moraes Priebe - 2016.pdf: 1557477 bytes, checksum: 54ff96d96b239797a8305d6ff67e2f12 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-13T19:31:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Débora Danielle Alves Moraes Priebe - 2016.pdf: 1557477 bytes, checksum: 54ff96d96b239797a8305d6ff67e2f12 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-07 / This paper aims to present an educational proposal of some topics of arithmetic, also called Number Theory, for the final grades of elementary school, focusing on solving problems to challenge and entertain students with the range of possibilities arising from properties of Number Theory and develop their thinking skills through interesting problems that will give a new life to the subject . The reader will find in this work topics of divisibility, primes, Greatest Common Divisor, Least Common Multiple, Euclidean Algorithm, congruences, decimal representation, divisibility tests, as well as several examples, challenging problems and also curiosities about the congruence module 9. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma proposta de ensino de alguns tópicos de Aritmética, também denominada de Teoria dos Números, às séries finais do Ensino Fundamental, com foco na resolução de problemas, visando desafiar e fascinar os alunos com a gama de possibilidades oriunda das propriedades da Teoria dos Números e desenvolver sua capacidade de raciocínio através de problemas interessantes que darão uma nova vida ao assunto. O leitor encontrará neste trabalho tópicos de divisibilidade, primos, Máximo Divisor Comum, Mínimo Múltiplo Comum, Algoritmo de Euclides, congruências, representação decimal, testes de divisibilidade, além de diversos exemplos, problemas desafiadores e também curiosidades acerca da congruência módulo 9.

The follow study analyses and identifies the strategies of human resources about the implementation of the productions concept called Modular Conception, in the Resendes trucks and buses plant. The general hypothesis is that both the management equity and the organizational justice were determinant in these strategies. So that was realized a literature revision involving the theories of motivation and organizational justice, associated to the compromisement of the employee. To comprove the studys main hypothesis was realized a survey of descriptive nature among the companies of the Modular Conception. The instrument of data collection was a questionnaire composed by twenty affirmations, with levels of disagreement and agreement. The main conclusions were the follow: the employees believe that the fact of the benefits and remuneration system are equal consolidate the sense of management equity; the organizational justice is one of the main points of the organization, since that the employees believe that they have an equal treatment to all, independent of social position, color, and credo. Besides the employees believe in the rules and procedures and, in case they came to be treated without justice, they will get justice through open channels in the organization. Analyzing the indicators of human resources verifies it that the absenteeism, turnover and workers lawsuits are the lowest of the Volkswagens group plant. All these factors converge to the most representatives answers of the employees: 80.9% are motivated to work in the company and 90.2% agree that the organization is a good place to work. Therefore, confirming the basic hypothesis rose: management equity and organizational justice lead the employees to have pleasure in belonging and not only being tied to the Modular Conception. / O presente estudo analisa e identifica as práticas de recursos humanos quando da implementação do conceito de produção denominado Consórcio Modular, na fábrica de caminhões e ônibus da Volkswagen em Resende. A hipótese geral é que as práticas administrativas, especialmente, eqüidade administrativa e distribuição de justiça, implementadas por recursos humanos na fábrica de caminhões e ônibus em Resende, são fonte de satisfação por parte dos empregados. Dessa forma, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura envolvendo as teorias de motivação e justiça organizacional associada ao comprometimento do empregado e gestão de clima organizacional. Para comprovar a hipótese central do estudo foi realizada uma pesquisa de clima organizacional de natureza descritiva dentro das empresas do Consórcio Modular. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário composto de vinte afirmações, com níveis de discordância e concordância. As principais conclusões foram as seguintes: os empregados acreditam que o fato de os benefícios e sistema de remuneração serem iguais consolidou o sentido de eqüidade administrativa; a justiça organizacional é um dos pontos fortes da organização, visto que os empregados acreditam que há um tratamento justo a todos independentemente de posição social, cor, credo. Além disso, os empregados acreditam nas normas e procedimentos e, caso venham a ser tratados com injustiça, a obterão por meio dos canais abertos na organização. Quando se analisam os indicadores de recursos humanos constata-se que o absenteísmo, rotatividade de mão-de-obra e processos trabalhistas são os mais baixos das fábricas do grupo Volkswagen. Todos esses fatores convergem para as mais representativas respostas dos empregados: 80,9% estão motivados na empresa e 90,2% entendem que a organização é um bom lugar para se trabalhar. Portanto, comprovando a hipótese básica levantada: eqüidade administrativa e justiça organizacional levam os empregados a terem prazer em pertencerem e não somente estarem vinculados ao Consórcio Modular.

This master thesis is focused on Modular Self-Reconfigurable Robotic Systems. Their description is made at first and then possibilities of their use are listed. The next chapter concerns Molecubes modular system. The design of similar system where the construction of the individual modules is described follows. The transformations of coordinated systems in the individual modules are described and the calculation of forward kinematics and simulation of inverse kinematics is made at the end of the thesis.

La implementación de la metodología y la filosofía Lean Manufacturing en la industria de la confección funciona como un método para mejorar la eficiencia y la productividad. Este estudio demuestra la aplicación de herramientas de ingeniería industrial en una MIPYME de fabricación de ropa en combinación con los principios de Lean Manufacturing para resolver problemas en el área de confección. Las herramientas de la ingeniería industrial, como el estudio de métodos, el rediseño de layout y el balance de línea, nos brindan los medios para visualizar los problemas relacionados con la producción de una prenda, como exceso de inventario en proceso, distribución incorrecta de la planta que provocó movimientos innecesarios y retrasos en el cumplimiento de la producción debido a métodos de trabajo ineficientes. Después de evaluar una MIPYME de confección en Perú, los resultados mostraron que todos estos problemas estaban presentes. Finalmente, se propone y simula un modelo de solución utilizando las herramientas mencionadas anteriormente con el fin de optimizar el proceso productivo. Los resultados muestran una mejora del 7,38% en eficiencia. / The implementation of Lean Manufacturing methodology and philosophy in the garment industry works as a method to improve efficiency and productivity. This study demonstrates the application of industrial engineering tools in a clothing manufacturing SME in combination with Lean Manufacturing principles to solve problems in the sewing section. The industrial engineering tools, such as method study, the rearrangement of layout and the line balance, gives us the means to visualize the problems related to the production of a garment, such as excess inventory in the storage and production process, incorrect plant distribution that caused unnecessary movements and delays in production compliance due to inefficient work methods. After evaluating a garment SME in Peru, the results showed that all these problems were present. Finally, a solution model is proposed and simulated using the previously mentioned tools in order to optimize the production process. The results show an improvement of 7.38% in efficiency / Trabajo de investigación

The voltage of the fuel cell must be measured during the test phase to characterize and condition it. Similarly, monitoring the fuel cell during its operation in series has many advantages. The CVM is a permanent and individualized measurement system for each cell. DAM has developed a universal system that can be connected to any type of bipolar plate. In addition, its modularity allows it to adapt to the number of cells and the fuel cell voltage, while compensating deformation phenomena. Moreover, its electronic architecture also allows a great modularity while proposing additional functions of diagnosis and measurements of insulation and short-circuit. These features are essential for the mass production of the CVM and the automated assembly of the CVM on the fuel cell, ensuring a cost competitive solution. / Die Spannung der Brennstoffzelle muss während der Testphase gemessen werden, um sie zu charakterisieren und zu konditionieren. Auch die Überwachung der Brennstoffzelle während ihres Serienbetriebs hat viele Vorteile. Das CVM ist ein permanentes und individuelles Messsystem für jede einzelne Zelle. DAM hat ein universelles System entwickelt, das an jede Art von Bipolarplatte angeschlossen werden kann. Außerdem kann es aufgrund seiner Modularität an die Anzahl der Zellen und die Brennstoffzellenspannung angepasst werden, wobei Verformungsphänomene kompensiert werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht seine elektronische Architektur eine große Modularität und bietet zusätzliche Diagnosefunktionen und Messungen für Isolation und Kurzschluss. Diese Merkmale sind für die Massenproduktion des CVM und die automatisierte Montage des CVM auf der Brennstoffzelle von wesentlicher Bedeutung und ermöglichen eine kostengünstige Lösung.

Las entregas a destiempo son un problema recurrente en las empresas que representan un mercado incipiente pero también muy importante en la satisfacción de los clientes. Se presentan diversos factores que permite el retraso de los pedidos, como la planificación inadecuada de los materiales, los tiempos muertos y una distribución de áreas ineficientes en la planta de producción. Para optimizar el cumplimiento de las entregas a tiempo y reducir costos generados por el problema, se desarrollará una propuesta de mejora representado por un modelo combinado esquematizado en tres fases, utilizando la planificación del diseño sistemático (SLP), la planificación de los requerimientos de material (MRP) y Mantenimiento Productivo Total (TPM). El artículo se basará en un caso de estudio en el rubro de la construcción modular con un tipo de producción bajo proyectos, demostrando que el método desarrollado aumentará la precisión de la entrega de los pedidos en la fecha requerida. Dentro de las mejoras obtenidas luego de la validación, se logró superar el 50% de reducción tanto en el desplazamiento como en el tiempo. También se logró cumplir con el despacho de los materiales en un 95.74%. Además, en el proceso de compras se lograron emitir ordenes de acuerdo al proceso de producción, obteniendo así un cumplimiento del 92.10%. Por último, luego de la ejecución de los principales pilares del programa del mantenimiento productivo total, se obtuvo un incremento en el OEE de 37.67%, alcanzando el 97.76%. / Untimely deliveries are a recurring problem in companies that represent an incipient market but also very important in customer satisfaction. There are various factors that allow order delays, such as inadequate material planning, downtime, and inefficient area distribution on the production floor. To optimize the fulfillment of deliveries on time and reduce costs generated by the problem, an improvement proposal will be developed represented by a combined model outlined in three phases, using the systematic design planning (SLP), the planning of material requirements (MRP) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM). The article will be based on a case study in the field of modular construction with a type of production under projects, showing that the method developed will increase the precision of the delivery of orders on the required date. Among the improvements obtained after validation, it was possible to exceed a 50% reduction in both travel and time. It was also possible to comply with the dispatch of materials by 95.74%. In addition, in the purchasing process, orders were issued according to the production process, thus obtaining a compliance of 92.10%. Finally, after the execution of the main pillars of the total productive maintenance program, an increase in OEE of 37.67% was obtained, reaching 97.76%. / Trabajo de investigación

En el presente documento se propone el proceso constructivo de una Vivienda Modular en respuesta a la demanda de refugios por parte de la población afectada por el Fenómeno El Niño de Sondorillo, Huancabamba, Piura, mediante el uso de materiales como el bambú, carrizo y barro disponibles en la zona de estudio. Con el sistema modular propuesto se ha logrado ajustar a un plazo de 7 días para su ejecución mediante la sectorización acorde al número de cuadrillas y a los metrados para un área total de 41.00 𝑚2; así mismo, mediante la planificación de partidas en paralelo para incrementar su ejecución in situ, a través de los procesos constructivos propuestos para el proyecto. Además, se demuestra la factibilidad del proyecto por su baja inversión y ahorro a través del tiempo en comparación a otras propuestas de vivienda. Finalmente, se realizó una simulación en 4D con el programa Navisworks obteniéndose una visualización virtual de los procesos constructivos para una adecuada capacitación de la mano de obra del proyecto y un mayor entendimiento de los procesos de trabajo respecto a la programación previamente realizada. / This document proposes the construction process of a Modular Housing in response to the demand for shelters by the population affected by the El Niño phenomenon of Sondorillo, Huancabamba, Piura, through the use of materials such as bamboo, reed and mud available in the study area. With the proposed modular system, it has been possible to adjust to a period of 7 days for its execution through the sectorization according to the number of crews and the metrados for a total area of 41.00 𝑚2; likewise, by planning parallel items to increase their execution in situ, through the construction processes proposed for the project. In addition, the feasibility of the project is demonstrated by its low investment and savings over time compared to other housing proposals. Finally, a 4D simulation was carried out with the Navisworks program, obtaining a virtual visualization of the construction processes for an adequate training of the workforce of the project and a greater understanding of the work processes with respect to the previously performed programming. / Tesis

I have always known that I would leave my hometown. Always been told that it is too boring for a dreamer, that it is a place where all ambition wanes. None of my childhood friends stayed; we all moved towards something bigger, something better- towards opportunities. We all moved, to some degree, south. Depopulation of rural communities is not unique to Norrland but Tankebanan investigates this topic within the context of the northern inlands of Sweden, exploring its industrial history and local conditions. The project aims to create an infrastructure strengthening the social and cultural capital of the inland by generating educational, entrepreneurial and identity building activities in the region. The site of the project stretches along Malmbanan, the railway transporting iron from the industries of the inland to the ports of Narvik and Luleå. The tracks are a physical trace of the industrial history of the region and therefor a suitable location for the project that proposes three fixed nodes along the railway, each targeting one specific aspect of the knowledge network. The nodes are Creation in Abisko, Education in Kiruna and Entrepreneurship in Gällivare.Tankebanan reprograms old carbarns within the towns into hubs of activity and optimism, aiming to challenge the pessimism often connotated with the region, causing people to leave. It aims to turn struggles into challenges and encourage young people to see the potential within themselves and within Norrland. This phase of the project explores the node of Education in Kiruna, which proposes an alternative university for those who wish to obtain a degree without leaving the north. The program consists of a public library and train station, educational facilities, conference rooms and accommodation for long distance commuters. It is hosted within a modular system, relating to the module of the train car and extending the network of the rails into the building.

In dieser Arbeit werden die Modularobjekte zu zyklischen und separierenden Vektoren für von-Neumann-Algebren untersucht. Besondere Beachtung erfahren dabei die Modularoperatoren und deren Spektraleigenschaften. Diese Eigenschaften werden genutzt, um Klassifikationen für Lösungen einiger inverser Probleme der Modulartheorie anzugeben. Im ersten Teil der Arbeit wird zunächst der Zusammenhang zwischen dem zyklischen und separierenden Vektor und seinen Modularobjekten mit Hilfe (verallgemeinerter) Spurvektoren für halbendliche und Typ III lambda Algebren (0 < lambda <1) näher untersucht. Diese Untersuchungen erlauben es, das Spektrum der Modularoperatoren für Typ I Algebren anzugeben. Dazu werden die Begriffe zentraler Eigenwert und zentrale Vielfachheit eingeführt. Weiterhin ergibt sich, dass die Modularoperatoren durch ihre Spektraleigenschaften eindeutig charakterisiert sind. Modularoperatoren für Typ I n Algebren sind genau die n-zerlegbaren Operatoren, die multiplikatives, zentrales Spektrum vom Typ I n besitzen. ähnliche Ergebnisse werden auch für Typ II und III lambda Algebren gewonnen unter der Vorausetzung, dass die zugehörigen Vektoren diagonalisierbar sind. Im zweiten Teil der Arbeit werden diese Ergebnisse exemplarisch auf ein inverses Problem der Modulartheorie angewendet. Dabei stellt sich heraus, dass die Begriffe zentraler Eigenwert und zentrale Vielfachheit Invarianten des inversen Problems sind und eine vollständige Klassifizierung seiner Lösungen unter obigen Voraussetzungen erlauben. Außerdem wird eine Klasse von Modularoperatoren untersucht, für die das inversese Problem nur ein oder zwei Lösungsklassen besitzt. / In this work modular objects of cyclic and separating vectors for von~Neumann~algebras are considered. In particular, the modular operators and their spectral properties are investigated. These properties are used to classify the solutions of some inverse problems in modular theory. In the first part of the work the correspondence between cyclic and separating vectors and their modular objects are considered for semifinite and type III lambda algebras (0 < lambda < 1) in more detail, where (generalized) trace vectors are used. These considerations allow to compute the spectrum of modular operators for type I n algebras. To this end, the notions of central eigenvalue and central multiplicity are introduced. Furthermore, it is stated that modular operators are uniquely determined by their spectral properties. Modular operators for type I n algebras are exactly the n-decomposable operators, which possess multiplicative central spectrum of type I n. Similar results are derived for type II and III lambda algebras under the assumption that the corresponding vectors are diagonalizable. In the second part of this work these results are applied to an inverse problem of modular theory. It comes out, that the central eigenvalues and central multiplicities are invariants of this inverse problem and that they give a complete classification of its solutions. Moreover, a class of modular operators is investigated, whose inverse problem possesses only one or two classes of solutions.

The rapid electrification of vehicles has neccessitated advancements in battery technology, impacting various components within the car battery pack. This project focuses on the development of thermal barriers, which serve as crucial components that prevent potential fires from thermal runaway incidents in the battery pack from reaching the vehicle's interior compartment. Currently, thermal barriers are predominantly composed of mica. The objective of this project is to identify a more sustainable alternative material to mica that possesses similar properties while considering economic, social, and environmental factors.  Following the product development process, a comprehensive background study and benchmark analysis were conducted. Subsequently, the specific requirements for the new material were defined, and potential suppliers providing alternative materials were identified. Torch tests and dielectric strength tests were performed to assess thermal conductivity, fire resistance, and dielectric properties, which were deemed critical attributes. The test results unveiled a novel material comprised of a combination of two distinct materials from different suppliers. One material was a composite consisting of glass fiber and carbon, exhibiting exceptional thermal properties. The other material was an electrical-grade paper boasting excellent electrical properties. When combined, these materials formed a composite that paralleled the properties of mica. The composite material had a total thickness of 2 mm, slightly thicker than the current implementation of mica. To explore the feasibility of a thinner alternative, an estimation was conducted, suggesting that a thinner sheet of the composite material could be possible. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the feasibility of replacing mica with an alternative material. Further testing and investigation are required to determine the optimal implementation and minimum thickness of the new material. However, based on the successful test results and similarity in properties, it can be affirmed that the new material has the potential to replace mica as a sustainable thermal barrier in the battery pack. / Denna avhandling fokuserar på utvecklingen av hållbara termiska barriärer som ersättning för mica i batteripacken i elektriska bilar, vilket har blivit nödvändigt på grund av den snabba elektrifieringen av fordon. Syftet med studien är att identifiera ett mer hållbart alternativ till mica och samtidigt ta hänsyn till ekonomiska, sociala och miljömässiga faktorer. Genom att följa produktutvecklingsprocessen har en omfattande bakgrundsstudie och benchmark-analys genomförts. Därefter definierades specifika krav för det nya materialet, och potentiella leverantörer av alternativa material identifierades. Väsentliga attribut som termisk ledningsförmåga, brandsäkerhet och elektriska egenskaper utvärderades genom att utföra flam-tester och tester för den elektriska ledningsförmågan. Resultaten av testerna resulterade i ett innovativt material bestående av en kombination av två olika material från olika leverantörer. En komposit av glasfiber och kol visade exceptionella termiska egenskaper, medan ett elektriskt kvalitetspapper uppvisade utmärkta elektriska egenskaper. När dessa material kombinerades bildade de en komposit som liknade micas egenskaper. Det komposita materialet hade en total tjocklek på 2 mm, något tjockare än mica. Genom en uppskattning undersöktes möjligheten att använda en tunnare variant av det komposita materialet. Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie att det är genomförbart att ersätta mica med det föreslagna alternativa materialet. Vidare tester och undersökningar krävs för att optimera implementeringen och fastställa den minsta möjliga tjockleken på det nya materialet. Baserat på de positiva testresultaten och likheten i egenskaper kan det konstateras att det föreslagna materialet har potential att vara en hållbar termisk barriär i batteripaket.