Bakgrund: Samband mellan motorisk utveckling, fysisk aktivitet och lärande finns väl dokumenterade. Processer för att utveckla implementeringen av fysisk aktivitet i skolan har påbörjats bland annat genom fysioterapi som en del av elevhälsan, ett relativt nytt verksamhetsområde. För fysioterapeuter innebär detta en etableringsprocess där samverkan i nya teamkonstellationer utvecklas. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur skolfysioterapeuter upplever sin professionella roll och teamarbetet inom elevhälsan. Metod: Tre semistrukturerade intervjuer utfördes via zoom eller telefon med skolfysioterapeuter som arbetade inom elevhälsan. Intervjuerna spelades in och materialet transkriberades för att sedan analyseras med hjälp av en kvalitativ innehållsanalys enligt Graneheim & Lundman. Resultat: Studien resulterade i att tre kategorier kunde identifieras: Att samarbeta och vara spindeln i nätet,  Att utveckla och vara en ny kompetens på skolan, och Att förhålla sig till ett delat fokus på hälsa kontra prestation i skolan. Dessa kategorier delades även in i underkategorier. Studien visade att skolfysioterapeuterna upplevde att de spelade en viktig roll på skolan genom att bidra med en kompletterande, fysioterapeutisk syn på hälsa. Att implementera sina perspektiv på hälsa i skolan var dock en utmaning där skolans fokus ofta ligger på prestation. Informanterna hade till stor del själva fått utforma sin yrkesroll vilket varit både en möjlighet och en utmaning. Slutsats: Fysioterapeuter kan bidra med en kompletterande syn på hälsa i skolan och en ökad styrning från högre instanser krävs för att överkomma utmaningarna och för utveckling av verksamhetsområdet. / Introduction: The relationship between motor development, physical activity and academic achievement is well documented. Processes for developing the implementation of physical activity in schools have begun through physiotherapy, among other areas, as part of school based healthcare. This is a relatively new area of focus within the profession. For physiotherapists, this involves establishing a new professional role and developing interprofessional working relationships. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate school physiotherapists experiences of their role and teamwork within school based healthcare. Method: Three semi-structured interviews were conducted via zoom or telephone with school physiotherapists working within student healthcare. The interviews were recorded, transcribed, and the data analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Three categories were identified: To cooperate and be “the person at the heart of things”, To develop and to have a new professional role in school, and To relate to a shared focus of health versus academic achievement in school.  These categories were further specified into subcategories. The subjects felt they played an important role in the school by providing a complementary, physiotherapeutic perspective on health. However, the schools focus on performance was perceived to be a challenge when implementing their views on health. The subjects were able to form the role themselves to a large extent which was deemed a challenge and an opportunity. Conclusions: Physiotherapists contribute a complementary perspective on health within schools. An increased involvement from governing bodies is required to overcome challenges and for development in the field.

This dissertation investigated the roles of early childhood fundamental motor skills (FMS) competence on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health outcomes among underserved preschoolers in Head Start, and examined parental influence on their children's FMS competence. An explanatory sequential mixed methodology was used to examine the predictive strength of FMS competence on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial health outcomes among 216 underserved preschoolers from six Head Start centers (Mage = 4.32, SD = 0.63; girls 56.5%). This methodology allowed for a follow-up qualitative aspect to explore the influence of parents' perceptions and behaviors on their child's FMS competence and health outcomes in a subsample of eight parent–child dyads who demonstrate high or low FMS competence in the quantitative data. The results of this dissertation suggest that preschoolers' FMS competence, especially locomotor skills, were associated with and predicted various health outcomes in sedentary behavior (β = -0.21), light physical activity (β = 0.23), executive function (β = -0.21), and perceived motor competence (β = 0.34). No significant influences of FMS competence on moderate-to-vigorous, body fatness, HRQoL were found (p > 0.05). We also found that positive parental influences (role modeling, support, and facilitation) were observed more often among preschoolers in the high FMS competence group. In addition, preschoolers with single, divorced, or young parents (age range 18–24) tended to show low FMS competence. The analysis of children's drawing pictures also indicated differences in images related to the moments when they played games or sports with parents based on their FMS competence levels. Practical implications and future research direction are discussed.

Title: Assessment of motor skills in children of younger school age with autism spectrum disorder practising applied behavior analysis with the MABC-2 test battery Objectives: The aim of the work is to assess the motor skills of children of younger school age with autism spectrum disorder using the test battery MABC-2 (Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition). The obtained results will be compared with the standards for Czech children and children with autism spectrum disorder who do not practice Applied Behavior Analysis. Methods: The motor skills of children with autism spectrum disorder were assessed using the MABC-2 test battery (Henderson et al., 2007) - Movement Assessment Battery for Children - Second Edition. The method of comparison was used in the work, namely the results of children with autism spectrum disorder with standards for Czech children and both groups of tested children - one group practicing applied behavior analysis with another group of children without intervention. Results: We found that children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in our sample showed a significantly higher incidence of motor problems. All involved children with ASD (n = 10) in the research fall into the 3rd zone (score below the 5th percentile), where there are significant motor...

Inom en idrott och hälsa (IDH)-miljö, är syftet med denna studie (1) att fastställa effekten av motorisk träning på barn; (2) identifiera korrelerade prediktorer för motorik. Genom en systematisk informationssökning tillhandahålls en omfattande bakgrund som beskriver en uppsjö av framgångar inom motoriska inteventionsstudier och påverkade områden. Genom en hypotetiskt-deduktiv ansats, influerad av ett konstruktivistiskt perspektiv, med specifikt fokus på Piagets teorier om kognitiv utveckling och lek, problematiseras lärande och motorisk utveckling genom genomförandet av en interventionsstudie. Deltagarna (n=19, medelålder 7,16 SD 0,37 år), genomgick en fem veckor lång intervention. Motoriska färdigheter utvärderades före och efter intervention med tillämpning av MUGI Observationsschema. En poweranalys kunde inte utföras på grund av saknade parametrar och studien föll därför under ett typ II-fel, följaktligen omdöpt till en deskriptiv pilotstudie. Resultaten, som visar en förbättring av ett medelvärde på 1,65, SD 0,92, indikerar att motorisk utveckling kan förbättras genom medveten riktad träning. Korrelationer mellan variabler var icke-signifikanta, sannolikt till följd av en otillräcklig urvalsstorlek. Andra resultat, exv. deltagarnas entusiasm och undervisningsmetoder beskrivs tillika. Slutligen diskuteras motorisk träning, idrottspedagogens avgörande roll och stark betoning vid utveckling av kroppslig kompetens, utifrån tillämpningen av Piagets konstruktivism. Dessutom möjliggör det piagetiska perspektivet problematiseringar av avgörande pedagogiska aspekter av innehållet i idrott och hälsa relaterade till motoriska färdigheter och barns utveckling. / Within a physical education (PE) ambience, the objective of this research is (1) determine the effect of motor training on children; (2) identify correlating predictors for motor skills. Through a systematic information retrieval an extensive background is provided, outlining a plethora of success in motor interventions, and affected areas. Utilizing a hypothetic-deductive onset, influenced by a constructivist perspective, with specific focus on Piaget’s theories of cognitive development and play, learning and motor development are problematized through the conduction of an intervention study. The participants (n= 19, mean age 7.16 SD 0.37 years), underwent a five-week intervention. Motor skills were evaluated pre and post intervention applying MUGI Observationsschema. Unable to execute a power analysis due to missing parameters, the study concluded a type II error, therefore renamed a descriptive pilot study. The findings, displaying a mean improvement of 1.65, SD 0.92, indicate motor development can be improved through deliberate aimed training. Correlations between variables were insignificant, presumably from an inadequate sample size. Other findings, e.g., participants’ enthusiasm and teaching methods are detailed, too. Lastly applying the Piagetian aspect, motor skills training, the necessity of the PE teacher and heavily emphasizing development of physical literacy, are discussed. Furthermore, the Piagetian perspective additionally enables problematizations of crucial educational aspects of PE content related to motor skills and child development.

Problématique : Entre 25 et 45 % des enfants nés entre 29-36 semaines de gestation (PT) présenteront un retard de développement persistant (RD) à l’âge corrigé (AC) de 2 ans. Dans la première année de vie, le retard moteur peut représenter une déviation transitoire de la trajectoire développementale, en raison de la prématurité, ou être le premier signe d’un RD. Afin de suivre le développement moteur des enfants à risque, le General Movement Assessment (GMA), l’Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) et le Neuro-Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA) sont parmi les outils les plus recommandés, mais la trajectoire neuromotrice spécifique des enfants PT n’est pas connue sur ces outils. Objectifs : Le présent mémoire visait à décrire la trajectoire neuromotrice entre l’âge-équivalent du terme (AET) et 8 mois AC des enfants nés entre 29-36 semaines de gestation à l’aide du GMA, du AIMS et du NSMDA. Un objectif secondaire visait à déterminer la capacité du GMA à l’AET et 3,5 mois AC à prédire le devenir neuromoteur évalué à l’aide du AIMS et du NSMDA à 8 mois AC. Méthodologie : Une étude prospective incluant 173 PT admis ≥ 48h à l’unité des soins intensifs néonatale a été réalisée pour atteindre les objectifs principal et secondaire. Le développement neuromoteur a été évalué à 3 reprises : à l’AET (GMA), à 3,5 mois AC (GMA, AIMS et NSMDA) et à 8 mois AC (AIMS et NSMDA). Des analyses descriptives et des calculs de validité prédictive ont été effectués. Résultats : Entre l’AET et 8 mois AC, 21 % des enfants sont demeurés avec des évaluations normales, 19 % des enfants sont demeurés avec des évaluations anormales, 56% ont évolué d’un résultat anormal à un résultat normal, alors que 4 % ont évolué d’un résultat normal à un résultat anormal. À l’AET, le GMA de base présentait une sensibilité de 67 % et une spécificité de 38 %. À 3,5 mois AC, le GMA détaillé a identifié 85 % des enfants avec un résultat anormal à 8 mois AC, mais la spécificité était basse (22 %). Conclusion : La tendance principale est une normalisation avec l’âge, observée chez plus de 50 % des enfants. Le GMA aide à identifier un nombre significatif d’enfants qui pourraient bénéficier de services d’interventions précoces, et ce dès l’AET. En contrepartie, la spécificité demeure faible, pouvant mener à des sur-références pour ces services. / Background : Between 25 and 45 % of infants born between 29-36 weeks of gestation (PT) will have a significant developmental delay (DD) by 2 years corrected age (CA). During the first year of life, motor delay could either be a transient deviation in neurodevelopmental trajectory, in the context of preterm birth, or the first sign of significant DD. The General Movement Assessment (GMA), the Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) and the Neuro-Sensory Motor Developmental Assessment (NSMDA) are three of the most recommended tools for at-risk infants to follow motor development, but have been rarely used with PT to describe neuromotor trajectory. Aims : This paper aimed to describe the neuromotor trajectory between term-equivalent age (TEA) and 8 months CA of infants born from 29 to 36 weeks of gestation with the GMA, the AIMS and the NSMDA. A second goal aimed to determine the ability of the GMA at TEA and 3,5 months CA to predict neuromotor outcome at 8 months CA on the AIMS and the NSMDA. Methods : A prospective study including 173 PT admitted for ≥ 48h in the neonatal intensive care unit was realised to achieve primary and secondary goals. Neuromotor development was evaluated at three timepoints: at TEA (GMA), at 3,5 months CA (GMA, AIMS and NSMDA) and at 8 months CA (AIMS et NSMDA). Descriptive statistics and calculation of predictive validity were performed. Results : Between TEA and 8 months CA, 21% of infants remained with normal results, 19% of infants remained with abnormal results, 56% progressed from abnormal results to normal results, while 4% progressed from normal results to abnormal results. The basic GMA had the best sensitivity and specificity at TEA (67 % and 38 %). The detailed GMA at 3,5 months CA identified 85 % of infants with abnormal results at 8 months CA, but specificity was low (22 %). Conclusion : Motor development tends to normalize with age. The GMA is helpful to identify a significant number of infants as soon as TEA who would benefit from early interventions, to the detriment of over-referrals due to low specificity.

Introduktion: Få barn i dag når rekommendationerna för fysisk aktivitet och ges inte möjligheten att ta del av de positiva effekter som kan erhållas av daglig fysisk aktivitet. Organisationer på global och nationell nivå har satt upp mål för att öka barn och ungdomars fysiska aktivitetsnivå. Dessa mål kan barn och ungdomar nå på olika vis, bland annat i skolan. Men i skolan ligger fokuset på skolprestationer och inte barnens hälsa. En skolfysioterapeut skulle kunna aktivera barnen för att nå de dagliga rekommendationerna, trots det finns det idag ett begränsat antal skolfysioterapeuter som är verksamma i landet.    Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur fysioterapeuter inom elevhälsan ser på sin yrkesroll och de arbetsområden de har i elevhälsan.    Metod: Studien var av kvalitativ design där fem fysioterapeuter intervjuades. De arbetar eller har arbetat som skolfysioterapeut under de senaste 12 åren. Semistrukturerade intervjuer spelades in via kommunikationsprogrammet Zoom och materialet analyserades enligt kvalitativ innehållsanalys.    Resultat: Resultatet visade att skolfysioterapeuterna har brutit sig in på en ny arena. Arbetet kunde vara sårbart eftersom skolpersonalen och skolfysioterapeuten överlag hade varierande synsätt kring eleverna. De båda parterna var överens om att en jämlik skola för eleverna var viktig där goda samarbeten kunde skapa möjligheter till fina resultat.    Slutsats: Skolfysioterapeuterna upplevde att de behövdes i skolan och kan komplettera skolans professioner med nödvändig kunskap för att eleverna ska få den hjälp de är i behov av. De hade många olika arbetsområden och upplevde sig kunna bidra till elevhälsan som arbetar hälsofrämjande och förebyggande för att nå jämlik skola för alla elever.

Within the last decade, the influence of focus of attention (FOA) instruction on postural control has been an increased interest among researchers (Yeh et al., 2016; McNevin et al., 2013). The general agreement when it comes to the role of FOA has been that adopting an external (EXT) FOA enhances the efficiency of motor programming by strengthening the relationship between movement planning and outcome, when compared to an internal (INT) FOA (see Wulf, 2013). However, increasing evidence suggests that the benefits from an EXT FOA can be mitigated by certain factors (e.g., age, skill level, novelty of the task and task complexity; Becker & Smith, 2013; Emanuel et al., 2008). As such, questions remain as to what form of FOA instruction is best suited for young learners, as FOA research has been criticized for being studied almost exclusively among adults (Agar et al., 2016). Research in this area is particularly sparse as it pertains to FOA in combination with postural control among this younger age group. This is particularly problematic as significant changes in postural control, stability and balance occur during one’s first decade in life (Haas, et al., 1989; Hay & Redon, 1999; Barela et al., 2003). Moreover, there exists some methodological concerns with regard to the lack of consistency of FOA instructions being used during experimentation. This directly influences where participants are guiding their attention and their interpretation of FOA cues (Davids, 2007; Petranek, et al., 2019). Further, the lack of replicability of traditional FOA studies and the increasing number of non-statistically significant findings in this research, calls into question the overall validity, both internal and external, regarding FOA instruction (Becker & Smith, 2013; Lawrence et al., 2011). Therefore, as a series of four complementary studies, the overall aim of this thesis is to further investigate these theoretical as well as procedural gaps. The first study examines which type of FOA instruction is best suited for two groups of young learners (typically developing children between 4-6 and 7-10 years of age) performing a postural control task. Participants will be randomized into either an INT, EXT or CTRL condition, where they will perform a postural control task with different respective visual displays. A force platform will be used to assess participants’ mediolateral centre of pressure (COP) performance, and electromyography (EMG) will be used to assess muscular activation of the participants’ major ankle stabilizers. The primary goal of study one is to investigate the influence of FOA in children by following the most common and traditional of FOA instruction. The second study serves as an extension for the first study. The aim of this study is to specifically investigate the validity and reliability of using FOA instructions, and whether or not the different attentional cues can drive their intended mental focus states. The method of this study is identical to those is Study 1 with a few major exceptions. In this case, two manipulation checks will be added to the procedure in order to assess how participants perceived, comprehended, and acted to their assigned FOA instructional condition. The first manipulation check is embedded in the structure of the trial itself: the comparison of postural control performance with and without visual information, modeled after the technique used in Yeh and colleagues (2016). The second manipulation check will be a retrospective verbal interview inspired by Perreault & French (2016). Finally, the third and fourth studies look to expand the research question from study one and two to different populations of atypically developing young learners who are known to struggle with both attention and postural control. Individuals with ADHD and individuals with DCD have been shown to interpret attentional and postural information differently when compared to age-matched controls. Therefore, the aim of these studies is to compare the differing effects of FOA across neurodiverse populations. Specifically, study three will use a group of young learners (from 4 – 10 years of age) with ADHD and study four will use a group of young learners (from 4 – 10 years of age) with DCD. The only differences in these studies compared to study one will be the lack of an age split and the use of EMG assessment. / Thesis / Master of Science in Kinesiology

O presente estudo é um subprojeto do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento intitulado \"Novas Ferramentas na Compreensão do Desenvolvimento Infantil: a Interação Gene-Ambiente e Conectividade Neuronal\", financiado pela FAPESP e aprovado pela CAPPESQ com o número de protocolo 0054/09. Os primeiros anos são particularmente importantes no ciclo vital, é rápido o crescimento e desenvolvimento do cérebro, tornando-se vulnerável à exposição a diferentes fatores de risco biológicos e psicossociais. Os fatores biológicos, em geral, são acompanhados por fatores psicossociais e ambientais que potencializam o seu efeito. Essas condições adversas são fatores de risco e ameaça ao desenvolvimento infantil. Devido à importância e ao impacto dos atrasos no desenvolvimento sobre o futuro da criança, quanto mais precocemente forem identificadas as crianças de maior risco, menor o agravamento futuro. O objetivo dessa dissertação foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças de 6 a 9 meses através da Escala Bayley de Desenvolvimento, em uma amostra de base populacional. Estimou-se a prevalência de atraso e a identificou os fatores de risco psicossociais e ambientais associados. É um estudo epidemiológico de coorte de nascimento longitudinal, com três seguimentos. A primeira entrevista com a gestante, para coleta de dados socioeconômicos e a entrevista para diagnósticos psiquiátricos, o segundo encontro para verificar diagnósticos psiquiátricos no puerpério, dados de nascimento e alimentação do lactente e por último aos 6 meses a aplicação da Escala Bayley. Avaliados 368 lactentes, encontramos 15,4% das crianças classificadas com atraso significativo em pelo menos um dos domínios, entre eles 10,87% tiveram atraso no desenvolvimento motor, com déficit de linguagem o total de 8,15% e 3,01% dos lactentes apresentaram atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo aos 6 meses. Em analises constatou que o desenvolvimento cognitivo foi o fator com maior associação a fatores de estresse materno. Os transtornos, de humor durante a gestação, transtorno psicótico e transtorno de ansiedade no puerpério, a classe econômica, escolaridade materno, mãe adolescente e fumo durante a gestação, foram associados ao atraso no desenvolvimento mesmo após ajustes para fatores confundidores. Conclui-se que os transtornos psiquiátricos são preditores de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 6 meses de idade. Esse estudo mostra a importância da triagem para identificação de possíveis atrasos no desenvolvimento, para consequentes programas de intervenção a fim de evitar ou minimizar agravos futuros e possibilitar a criança desenvolver-se com todo seu potencial / This study is a subproject of Developmental Psychiatry Institute entitled \"New Tools in Child Development Understanding: Gene-Environment Interaction and Connectivity Neuronal\", funded by FAPESP and approved by CAPPESQ with protocol number 0054/09. It aims to characterize the neurological development of children aged 6 to 8 months by the Bayley scale in a population-based sample. It is expected, therefore, to estimate the prevalence of delay and the identification of psychosocial and environmental risk factors. The first years are particularly important in the life cycle, when is the rapid growth and development of the brain, making it vulnerable to exposure to different biological and psychosocial risk factors. Biological factors generally are accompanied by psychosocial and environmental factors that increase its effect. These adverse conditions are a risk factor and threat to child development. The importance and the impact of delays in the development of the child\'s future, the earlier identified the delay development, the risk could be smaller. The purpose of this thesis was to characterize the neurological development of children 6-9 months ago through the Bayley scale in a population-based sample, then estimate the prevalence of delay and identifying psychosocial and environmental risk factors. A longitudinal epidemiological study of birth cohort with three segments, the first interview with the pregnant woman, to collect socioeconomic data and the psychiatric diagnoses interview, the second meeting to check psychiatric diagnoses in the postpartum period, data of birth and infant feeding. At last, on six months, implementation the Bayley Scale of Development. Evaluated 368 infants, 15.4% children were classified as significant delay in at least one of the areas, among them 10.87% had delayed motor development, language delay total of 8.15% and 3.01 % of infants were delayed cognitive. In analysis, found that cognitive development was the factor with the largest association of maternal stress factors. Disorders, mood during pregnancy, psychotic disorder and anxiety disorder in the postpartum period, economic class, maternal education, teenage mother and smoking during pregnancy were associated with delayed development even after adjusting for confounding factors. It is concluded that, psychiatric disorders are predictors of delay in psychomotor development at 6 months of age. This study shows the importance of screening to identify possible developmental delays, for subsequent intervention programs to prevent or minimize future hazards and allow the child to develop to their full potential. Keywords: development; risk factors; infants

O presente estudo é um subprojeto do Instituto de Psiquiatria do Desenvolvimento intitulado \"Novas Ferramentas na Compreensão do Desenvolvimento Infantil: a Interação Gene-Ambiente e Conectividade Neuronal\", financiado pela FAPESP e aprovado pela CAPPESQ com o número de protocolo 0054/09. Os primeiros anos são particularmente importantes no ciclo vital, é rápido o crescimento e desenvolvimento do cérebro, tornando-se vulnerável à exposição a diferentes fatores de risco biológicos e psicossociais. Os fatores biológicos, em geral, são acompanhados por fatores psicossociais e ambientais que potencializam o seu efeito. Essas condições adversas são fatores de risco e ameaça ao desenvolvimento infantil. Devido à importância e ao impacto dos atrasos no desenvolvimento sobre o futuro da criança, quanto mais precocemente forem identificadas as crianças de maior risco, menor o agravamento futuro. O objetivo dessa dissertação foi caracterizar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças de 6 a 9 meses através da Escala Bayley de Desenvolvimento, em uma amostra de base populacional. Estimou-se a prevalência de atraso e a identificou os fatores de risco psicossociais e ambientais associados. É um estudo epidemiológico de coorte de nascimento longitudinal, com três seguimentos. A primeira entrevista com a gestante, para coleta de dados socioeconômicos e a entrevista para diagnósticos psiquiátricos, o segundo encontro para verificar diagnósticos psiquiátricos no puerpério, dados de nascimento e alimentação do lactente e por último aos 6 meses a aplicação da Escala Bayley. Avaliados 368 lactentes, encontramos 15,4% das crianças classificadas com atraso significativo em pelo menos um dos domínios, entre eles 10,87% tiveram atraso no desenvolvimento motor, com déficit de linguagem o total de 8,15% e 3,01% dos lactentes apresentaram atraso no desenvolvimento cognitivo aos 6 meses. Em analises constatou que o desenvolvimento cognitivo foi o fator com maior associação a fatores de estresse materno. Os transtornos, de humor durante a gestação, transtorno psicótico e transtorno de ansiedade no puerpério, a classe econômica, escolaridade materno, mãe adolescente e fumo durante a gestação, foram associados ao atraso no desenvolvimento mesmo após ajustes para fatores confundidores. Conclui-se que os transtornos psiquiátricos são preditores de atraso no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor aos 6 meses de idade. Esse estudo mostra a importância da triagem para identificação de possíveis atrasos no desenvolvimento, para consequentes programas de intervenção a fim de evitar ou minimizar agravos futuros e possibilitar a criança desenvolver-se com todo seu potencial / This study is a subproject of Developmental Psychiatry Institute entitled \"New Tools in Child Development Understanding: Gene-Environment Interaction and Connectivity Neuronal\", funded by FAPESP and approved by CAPPESQ with protocol number 0054/09. It aims to characterize the neurological development of children aged 6 to 8 months by the Bayley scale in a population-based sample. It is expected, therefore, to estimate the prevalence of delay and the identification of psychosocial and environmental risk factors. The first years are particularly important in the life cycle, when is the rapid growth and development of the brain, making it vulnerable to exposure to different biological and psychosocial risk factors. Biological factors generally are accompanied by psychosocial and environmental factors that increase its effect. These adverse conditions are a risk factor and threat to child development. The importance and the impact of delays in the development of the child\'s future, the earlier identified the delay development, the risk could be smaller. The purpose of this thesis was to characterize the neurological development of children 6-9 months ago through the Bayley scale in a population-based sample, then estimate the prevalence of delay and identifying psychosocial and environmental risk factors. A longitudinal epidemiological study of birth cohort with three segments, the first interview with the pregnant woman, to collect socioeconomic data and the psychiatric diagnoses interview, the second meeting to check psychiatric diagnoses in the postpartum period, data of birth and infant feeding. At last, on six months, implementation the Bayley Scale of Development. Evaluated 368 infants, 15.4% children were classified as significant delay in at least one of the areas, among them 10.87% had delayed motor development, language delay total of 8.15% and 3.01 % of infants were delayed cognitive. In analysis, found that cognitive development was the factor with the largest association of maternal stress factors. Disorders, mood during pregnancy, psychotic disorder and anxiety disorder in the postpartum period, economic class, maternal education, teenage mother and smoking during pregnancy were associated with delayed development even after adjusting for confounding factors. It is concluded that, psychiatric disorders are predictors of delay in psychomotor development at 6 months of age. This study shows the importance of screening to identify possible developmental delays, for subsequent intervention programs to prevent or minimize future hazards and allow the child to develop to their full potential. Keywords: development; risk factors; infants

Title: The Assessment of the Impact of the Sports Aerobics on the Postural Stabilization of the girls aged 8 to 10 years Definition of the problem: This thesis deals with testing of the postural stabilization and also deals with detection of the occurrence of hypermobility in two groups of girls aged 8-10 years. The first group consist of girls that do sports aerobics and second group consist of girls that do not do any sport. Objectives: In the theoretical part I will devote a summary of findings on the development of postural security, with motor development and motor learning and also very briefly the hypermobility. The aim is to verify if the sports aerobics has a formative influence on postural stabilization of girls at a school age. I examine if the high training load at this early age leads to changes in postural motor skills in terms of its positive or negative influence. Furthermore, the research confirms the higher incidence of hypermobility among athletes. Methods: Selection of the research group on a voluntary basis and according to predetermined criteria. Practical testing of children assembled using two test batteries. Statistical data processing (Student's t-test, Spearman's correlation coefficient). Comparing the results between the two groups of girls. Results: Two test sets...