Submitted by Celso Magalhaes (celsomagalhaes@ufrrj.br) on 2017-07-18T12:33:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Adriano Rodrigues de Azevedo.pdf: 1397023 bytes, checksum: 91ed43d77bb2f1de942c29be437aa359 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:33:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Adriano Rodrigues de Azevedo.pdf: 1397023 bytes, checksum: 91ed43d77bb2f1de942c29be437aa359 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-26 / This study is the analysis of data from the Fifth Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Report, which presents scientifically the implications that global warming will have on terrestrial ecosystems and human society. From these data, in two chapters, the pros and cons of large Brazilian conventional farming on the need to adapt to the current scenario of climate change were analyzed. The fact that Brazil is one of the largest food producers in the world raises its level of importance in global discussions. The analyzes indicate that while agriculture and livestock contributes to economic stability and the country's food, is a powerful delay in the actions of environmental conservation, reduced emissions, agroecological transition and biodiversity conservation. Through official data and theoretical review also found themselves a serious decline of pollinators in the world and the considerable degree of dependence of these by Brazilian cultures. Among the pollinators, Apis mellifera honeybee is the one that stands out and brings more benefits to the human species, is necessary for maintaining global food production and human and animal well-being, through various types of ecosystem services. Because the high level of involvement of Brazil with conventional agriculture and livestock, it was concluded that hardly occur a significant agroecological transition in the short or medium term, which strengthens the need to improve apiculture and national agroecology - still insufficient - as a way of minimize the impacts of global warming and generate more conditions to adaptation / Este estudo parte da an?lise de dados do Quinto Relat?rio do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudan?as Clim?ticas ? IPCC, que apresenta de forma cient?fica as implica??es que o aquecimento global ter? sobre os ecossistemas terrestres e a sociedade humana. A partir destes dados, em dois cap?tulos, foram analisados os pr?s e os contras da grande agropecu?ria convencional brasileira em rela??o ? necessidade de adapta??o ao atual cen?rio de mudan?as clim?ticas. O fato do Brasil ser um dos maiores produtores aliment?cios do planeta eleva o seu n?vel de import?ncia nas discuss?es globais. As an?lises indicam que ao mesmo tempo em que a agropecu?ria contribui para a estabilidade econ?mica e alimentar do pa?s, representa um poderoso atraso nas a??es de preserva??o ambiental, diminui??o de emiss?es, transi??o agroecol?gica e conserva??o da biodiversidade. Por meio de dados oficiais e revis?o te?rica, constatou-se tamb?m um grave decl?nio de polinizadores no mundo e o grau consider?vel de depend?ncia destes pelas culturas brasileiras. Dentre os polinizadores, a abelha Apis mellifera ? a que mais se destaca e traz mais benef?cios para a esp?cie humana, sendo necess?ria para a manuten??o da produ??o aliment?cia mundial e para o bem estar humano e animal, atrav?s de diversos tipos de servi?os ecossist?micos. Pelo alto n?vel de envolvimento do Brasil com a agropecu?ria convencional, concluiu-se que dificilmente ocorrer? uma transi??o agroecol?gica significativa no curto ou m?dio prazo, o que fortalece a necessidade de se incrementar a apicultura e a agroecologia nacionais ? ainda insuficientes ? como forma de se minimizar os impactos do aquecimento global e gerar mais condi??es de adapta??o.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T14:26:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 438672.pdf: 3421737 bytes, checksum: 7029092d941a31889249b186ea079f0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26 / This study examines the relationship between technical change and climate change in the micro level that has global consequences. For this purpose, we use the Bak-Sneppen model of Evolution, a model developed by Bak and Sneppen (1993) and used in biological systems. The model specifies a number N of agents on an ecosystem, each with a variable that determines the fitness adaptability on this environment. Furthermore, there behavioral rules that are repeated t times in time: 1) the agent with the lowest fitness is selected for mutation, and 2) mutations also occur in the neighboring agents with lower fitness. In this investigation has adapted to the Bak-Sneppen model for the economy, assuminga number N of firms that have two fitness variables, one that represents the technical change and another his care for the environment. To support technical change appealed to the Theory of Induced Technical Change, and climate change to the Theory of Sustainable Development in its complex aspect. From computer simulations of the highlights are three scenarios that describe the complex relationships between technical progress and climate change: the scenario has been called the most probable, and to incorporate the debate is one in which firms aim to maximize their technical and some of them can adopt clean technologies and not others, which makes both systems self-organize at a critical level approximately equal to 0.4 fitness. The adverse scenario is one in which the correlation between technical change and the environment is negative, and technical improvements are polluting and every company that wants to decrease their environmental externalities have to reduce technology. In this scenario, both systems and no changes its threshold is close to 0. Finally, the stage was called the ideal one in which the relationship between technical change and climate change is positive, it is assumed only firms adopt clean technologies. In this, both systems are evolving rapidly, reaching steady state at the threshold of 0.6. / O presente estudo analisa a rela??o entre o progresso tecnol?gico e as mudan?as clim?ticas no plano microecon?mico que apresenta consequ?ncias globais. Para tanto, utiliza-se o modelo de Bak-Sneppen, um modelo desenvolvido por Bak e Sneppen (1993) e que trata da evolu??o biol?gica. O modelo especifica um n?mero N de agentes dispostos num ecossistema, cada um com uma vari?vel fitness que determina sua capacidade de adapta??o relativa a esse meio. Ademais, existem regras comportamentais que s?o repetidas t vezes no tempo: 1) o agente com menor fitness ? selecionado para muta??o; e 2) muta??es tamb?m ocorrem nos agentes vizinhos ao de menor fitness. Nessa investiga??o adaptou-se o modelo de Bak-Sneppen para a economia, supondo um n?mero N de firmas que apresentam duas vari?veis fitness, um que representa a mudan?a t?cnica e outro o seu cuidado com o meio ambiente. Para sustentar teoricamente a mudan?a t?cnica recorreu-se a Teoria do Progresso T?cnico Induzido, e no as mudan?as clim?ticas a Teoria do Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel em seu aspecto complexo. A partir das simula??es computacionais destacaram-se tr?s cen?rios que descrevem as rela??es complexas entre progresso t?cnico e mudan?as clim?ticas: o cen?rio que se chamou de mais prov?vel, por incorporar bem o debate ? aquele em que as firmas objetivam maximizar sua t?cnica e algumas delas podem adotar tecnologias limpas e outras n?o, o que faz com que ambos os sistemas se auto-organizem num n?vel cr?tico aproximadamente igual a 0,4 de fitness. O cen?rio desfavor?vel ? aquele em que a correla??o entre a mudan?a t?cnica e o meio ambiente ? negativa, assim melhorias t?cnicas s?o poluidoras e toda firma que deseja diminuir suas externalidades ambientais tem que reduzir tecnologia. Nesse cen?rio, em ambos os sistemas n?o houve evolu??o e seu limiar fica pr?ximo a 0. Por fim, o cen?rio chamado de ideal foi aquele em que a rela??o entre mudan?a t?cnica e mudan?a clim?tica ? positiva, nele sup?e-se as firmas adotam apenas tecnologias limpas. Nesse, ambos os sistemas evoluem rapidamente, atingindo o estado estacion?rio no limiar de 0,6.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:38:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HellenCLB_DISSERT.pdf: 1274583 bytes, checksum: bff1e98a159fa77fea207af042cb90dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / In recent years, much has been discussed about global climate changes (GCCs), popularly known as global warming. The scientific evidences point out to the influence of human actions for its drastic intensification. Therefore, studies of the psychological aspects involved become relevant. This study aimed at the investigation of the views of adolescents concerning GCCs, and the possible relations between those views and their pro-ecological commitment. Such commitment is measured by willingness for engagement in pro-environmental behaviors; environmentalism attitudes, like ecocentric and anthropocentric; consideration of future consequences; and ecological worldviews. Participants were 348 adolescents who answered a questionnaire containing questions about socio-demographic data, open questions about the practice of environmental care, and about GCCs, and the scales of Ecocentric and Anthropocentric Environmentalism, the Consideration of Future Consequences and the Ecological Worldviews assessment scale. From the inter-relationships between variables, procedures carried out by means of descriptive and correlacional statistics, it was observed that 55% of teenagers said that they did not engage in actions of environmental care, which was associated with apathyanthropocentric, immediatism, and individualism. The consideration of future consequences joined the practice of environmental care, corroborating evidence from the literature. It was evident that views concerning GCCs were superficial; adolescents perceive it as a generic environmental problem, and are confused with other problems such as pollution. This study found no association between views about GCCs and the indicators of pro-ecological commitment, perhaps due to the conceptual confusion about the subject. However, the lack of environmental care actions and other indicators of non-commitment (apathy-anthropocentric, individualism and immediatism) were associated with conceptually poor or incomplete responses (with no indication of cause, consequence or responsibility for the problem), demonstrating diminished knowledge and the failure to consider these issues / Nos ?ltimos anos, muito tem se falado a respeito das mudan?as clim?ticas globais (MCGs), popularmente conhecidas como aquecimento global. As evid?ncias cient?ficas ressaltam a influ?ncia das a??es humanas para sua dr?stica intensifica??o. Diante disto, estudos de aspectos psicol?gicos relacionados ? tem?tica ganham relev?ncia. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar o posicionamento de adolescentes diante das MCGs, e as poss?veis rela??es deste com o seu compromisso pr?-ecol?gico. Tal compromisso tem como indicadores, nesta investiga??o: o cuidado ambiental auto-relatado, ambientalismos ecoc?ntrico e antropoc?ntrico, a considera??o de conseq??ncias futuras, e as vis?es ecol?gicas de mundo. Participaram do estudo 348 adolescentes, que responderam a um question?rio, contendo quest?es sobre dados s?cio-demogr?ficos, quest?es abertas sobre a pr?tica de cuidado ambiental, e sobre MCGs, e as escalas de Ambientalismo Ecoc?ntrico e Antropoc?ntrico, de Considera??o de Conseq??ncias Futuras e de avalia??o das Vis?es Ecol?gicas de Mundo. A partir das inter-rela??es entre vari?veis, feitas por meio de procedimentos estat?sticos descritivos e correlacionais, observou-se que 55% dos adolescentes afirmaram n?o praticar a??es de cuidado ambiental, o que se associou ? apatia-antropoc?ntrica, ao imediatismo, e ao individualismo. J? a considera??o de futuro se associou ?s pr?ticas de cuidado ambiental, corroborando evid?ncias da literatura. Evidenciou-se que o posicionamento diante das MCGs ? superficial; os adolescentes as percebem como um problema ambiental gen?rico, e as confundem com outros problemas, como a polui??o. Este estudo n?o encontrou associa??o entre o posicionamento diante das MCGs e indicadores de compromisso pr?-ecol?gico, talvez devido ? confus?o conceitual a respeito do tema. Todavia, a aus?ncia de pr?tica de cuidado e os demais indicadores de n?o-compromisso (apatia-antropoc?ntrica, individualismo e imediatismo) se associaram ?s respostas mais conceitualmente pobres, ou incompletas (sem indica??o de causa, conseq??ncia ou de respons?vel pelo problema), evidenciando, al?m do conhecimento emba?ado, a n?o considera??o destas quest?es

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:08:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 BrunoCPC_1-100_DISSERT.pdf: 2356033 bytes, checksum: ce14b7bf1ae1fe35ca852675e9da4636 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-07-19 / Among the various effects caused by the climate change and human intervention, the mangrove ecosystem changes through of the years has been worth mentioning, which hasn t known which are the pros and cons for the adjacent coastal and estuarine environments yet. It happens due to the present dynamism in these areas, besides of the difficult understanding of the processes associated with evolution. This study aimed to environmentally evaluate adjacent mangroves from the Macau and Serra oil fields, located on Rio Grande do Norte northern coast, to support the mitigating actions related to the containment of the erosive process, as well as, according to the principles of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), to assess the amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered by the studied ecosystem. An inventory was conducted through mangrouve mapping which has supplied this research, especially regarding to the structural characterization of mangrove areas. To understand the local mangrove behavior in a greater level detail, techniques of remote sensing, GIS and GPS were used to make an analogy between the current and past states of the mangrove studied, allowing to make anticipated projections for the future impacts or changes in that region. This study combined data from multispectral LANDSAT 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+ with radar microwave data from SAR RADARSAT-1, which increased the interpretation capacity of the data from optical sensor systems. The interpretations have been supported by the data field, representing a better and innovative methodology for the environmental and taxonomic characterization of mangrove forests considered. The results reveal that mangroves of the Ponta do Tubar?o Sustainable Development Reserve are biologically representative areas and providing a variety of benefits, especially for local communities, constituting the priority sites for actions development aimed at conservation. They also have been showing the necessity to make mitigating measures in order to recover degraded areas through reforestation or creating new areas of mangrove, as currently 7.1% of the mangrove forests studied are dead or in an advanced state of decomposition. The amount of atmospheric carbon sequestered proved very significant when analyzed for the whole area, which is able to sequester atmospheric 4,294,458 Ton CO2 per year / Dentre os diversos efeitos provocados pelas mudan?as clim?ticas e pela interven??o humana, as altera??es no ecossistema manguezal v?m merecendo destaque, cujas implica??es para os ambientes estuarinos e costeiros adjacentes ainda est?o distantes de serem conhecidas. Isto ocorre devido ao dinamismo presente nessas ?reas, assim como a dif?cil compreens?o dos processos associados ? evolu??o das mesmas. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar ambientalmente manguezais adjacentes aos campos petrol?feros de Macau e Serra, localizados no litoral setentrional do Rio Grande do Norte, como subs?dio ?s medidas mitigadoras ao processo erosivo, al?m de, dentro dos princ?pios do chamado Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL), avaliar a quantidade de carbono atmosf?rico sequestrado para o ecossistema estudado. Atrav?s de mapeamento do manguezal, foi realizado um invent?rio, o que forneceu subs?dios para o delineamento desta pesquisa, principalmente, no que diz respeito ? caracteriza??o estrutural da ?rea de manguezal. Para entender o comportamento do manguezal em quest?o em um n?vel maior de detalhe, buscaram-se explica??es em unidades espaciais maiores. T?cnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto, SIG e GPS forneceram informa??es de compara??o entre os estados atual e passado do manguezal, possibilitando proje??es antecipadas para os futuros impactos ou altera??es desta regi?o. Este trabalho combinou dados multiespectrais do LANDSAT 5 TM, LANDSAT 7 ETM+ com dados de microondas de radar do tipo SAR do RADARSAT-1, ampliando a capacidade de interpreta??o dos dados de sistemas de sensores ?ticos. As interpreta??es foram apoiadas com dados de campo, objetivando uma melhor e inovadora metodologia para a caracteriza??o ambiental e taxon?mica das florestas de mangue em quest?o. Os resultados encontrados revelam que os manguezais da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent?vel Estadual Ponta do Tubar?o s?o ?reas representativas biologicamente e que fornecem uma variedade de benef?cios, principalmente para as comunidades locais, constituindo-se de s?tios priorit?rios para o desenvolvimento de a??es com vistas a sua conserva??o. Revelam tamb?m a necessidade de se tomar medidas mitigadoras no sentido de recuperar as ?reas degradadas ou atrav?s do reflorestamento se criar novas ?reas de manguezal, pois atualmente 7,1% das florestas de mangue estudadas encontram-se mortas ou em estado de decomposi??o bem avan?ado. A quantidade de carbono atmosf?rico sequestrado se mostrou bem significativa quando analisado para toda a ?rea em quest?o, sendo esta, capaz de sequestrar 4.294.458 Ton CO2 atmosf?rico/ano

Data de aprova??o retirada da vers?o impressa do trabalho. / ?rea de concentra??o: Produ??o Vegetal. / Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-08-14T22:18:43Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) camila_rodrigues_costa.pdf: 5661319 bytes, checksum: b9deab885dfc53d90534a8a979f8d00d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T19:35:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) camila_rodrigues_costa.pdf: 5661319 bytes, checksum: b9deab885dfc53d90534a8a979f8d00d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T19:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) camila_rodrigues_costa.pdf: 5661319 bytes, checksum: b9deab885dfc53d90534a8a979f8d00d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) / As turfeiras s?o ambientes de transi??o entre os ecossistemas terrestres e aqu?ticos, formados pela acumula??o sequencial de mat?ria org?nica. Extremamente sens?veis as mudan?as nos padr?es de precipita??o e temperatura, as turfeiras s?o consideradas verdadeiros arquivos da evolu??o do ambiente ao seu redor. Nas depress?es das ?reas dissecadas da Serra do Espinha?o Meridional, Minas Gerais, ocorrem ambientes propicios para forma??o de turfeiras. Dentre elas encontra-se a turfeira do Rio Preto (18?14'5,25"S e 43?19'7,24" WGS, 1.593 m.s.m) inserida no Parque Estadual do Rio Preto. A turfeira do Rio Preto ? colonizada por diferentes fisionomias do Bioma Cerrado principalmente o Campo ?mido e Campo Rupestre, sendo encontrados ainda redutos de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual (Cap?es de Mata). O objetivo deste trabalho foi reconstituir as mudan?as paleoambientais ocorridas desde o final do Pleistoceno Tardio. Para isto foi utilizada uma abordagem multi-proxy, consistindo em estratigrafia do perfil do solo da turfeira, an?lises palinol?gicas, de is?topos est?veis (13C e 15N), de composi??o geoqu?mica e data??es radiocarb?nicas. A idade mais antiga, obtida da base do testemunho, foi de 23.037 anos cal. AP, indicando que a forma??o da turfeira se deu a partir do Pleistoceno Tardio. A partir da an?lise conjunta dos proxys foi poss?vel inferir cinco principais fases de mudan?as paleoambientais: RP-I, entre ~ 23.037 e 13.500 anos cal. AP, clima bastante ?mido e frio, possibilitando a presen?a de indicadores de Floresta Montana e o empobrecimento do sinal isot?pico. Este foi um per?odo de bastante instabilidade na bacia hidrogr?fica da turfeira, inferida pelo alto teor de Si, indicador de sinal de material mineral local; RP-II, entre ~13.500 e 11.700 anos cal. AP, ligeiro aumento da temperatura e queda na umidade levando a redu??o de indicadores de clima frio e a expans?o da vegeta??o campestre. No entanto as condi??es ainda eram mais ?midas e frias que as atuais, e a ind?cios de diminui??o do sinal de material mineral local; RP-III, entre ~11.700 e 8.500 anos cal. AP, tend?ncia de aumento da temperatura e diminui??o da umidade em conjunto com a mudan?a da vegeta??o de plantas C3 para C4, causando a forte retra??o das Floresta Estacional Semidecidual e Floresta Montana, em conjunto aumento do fluxo de sinal de material mineral local; RP-IV, entre ~8.500 e 7.000 anos cal. AP, condi??es de clima ainda mais seco e quente, causando o desaparecimento dos indicadores de clima frio, retra??o do Campo ?mido e expans?o do Campo Rupestre. Per?odo de bastante estabilidade da bacia hidrogr?fica da turfeira, sugerido pelo baixo conte?do de material mineral; RP-V, de 7.000 anos cal. AP at? o presente, clima era novamente mais ?mido e temperaturas mais amenas, semelhante ?s condi??es atuais, aumento na acumula??o de turfa, possibilitando o reaparecimento dos indicadores de Floresta Montana e Floresta Estacional Semidecidual junto com a retra??o do Campo, e diminui??o da entrada de material mineral. Flutua??es no clima influenciaram fortemente as mudan?as na paleovegeta??o e na estrutura sedimentar do registro da turfeira do Rio Preto. Devido ? import?ncia das turfeiras, n?o s? como arquivo de mudan?as paleoambientais, mas tamb?m pelos seus servi?os ambientais (armazenamento de ?gua e de carbono), estes ambientes precisam ser melhores protegidos. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Produ??o Vegetal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / The peatlands are transitional environments between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, formed by the sequential accumulation of organic matter. Extremely sensitive to changes in precipitation and temperature patterns, peatlands are real archives of the evolution of the environment around them. In Serra do Espinha?o Meridional, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, in depressions of the dissected areas occurs an environment conducive to formation of peatlands. Among them the peatland of Rio Preto (18?14'5,25"S e 43?19'7,24" WGS, 1.593 m.s.m), located in the Rio Preto State Park. The area is colonized by different vegetation physiognomy of the Cerrado Biome, mainly Rupestre Fields and Wet Fields, beyond of redoubts of Semidecidual Stationary Forests, called Capon Forests. The area is colonized by different vegetation physiognomy of the Cerrado Biome, mainly Rupestre Fields and Wet Fields, beyond of redoubts of Semidecidual Stationary Forests, called Capon Forests. The objective of this work was to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes that have occurred since the Late Pleistocene. The work was constituted by the application of a multi-proxy approach, such as peatland soil stratigraphy, palynological analyzes, stable isotopes (13C and 15N), geochemical composition analyzes and 14C dating. The oldest age obtained at the base of the peatland profile was 23.037 cal. years BP, indicating that the formation of the peatland occurred during the Late Pleistocene. In this study it was possible to infer five main stages of paleoenvironmental changes: RP-I ~23.000-13.500 cal. years BP, very cold climate and very humid, presence of Montana Forest indicators and impoverishment of the isotopic signal, period of instability in hydrographic basin of the peatland; RP-II ~13.500-11.700 cal. years BP, small increase in temperature and decreased humidity, reduction of the indicators of cold climate and the expansion of the field vegetation, however the climatic conditions were more humid and cooler than the current, decrease of the entrance of local mineral material; RP-III ~11.700-8.500 cal. years BP, trend of increased temperature and decreased humidity, change in vegetation from C3 to C4 plants, reduction of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest and Mountain Forests, increased flow of local mineral material; RP-IV ~8.500-7.000 cal. years BP, drier and hotter weather, causing the disappearance of the indicators of cold weather, retraction of the Wet Field and expansion of Rupestre Field. Period of very stability in the watershed of the peatland; RP-V 7.000 cal. years BP until present, increased humidity and decrease in temperature, as current conditions, increased accumulation of peat, reappearance of the indicators of Montana Forest and Seasonal Semideciduous Forest and retraction of the Field, decrease of regional and local dust. Fluctuations in the climate influenced changes in paleovegetation and the sedimentary structure of the peatland Rio Preto. Given the value of peatlands as archives of paleoenvironmental changes and their environmental functions, these environments need to be better protected.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T21:17:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FernanMartinsVidalFernandesIrber_DISSERT.pdf: 5998310 bytes, checksum: 3a1e0562c589d44d7307ce72c20ed12d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-13T00:15:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 FernanMartinsVidalFernandesIrber_DISSERT.pdf: 5998310 bytes, checksum: 3a1e0562c589d44d7307ce72c20ed12d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-13T00:15:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FernanMartinsVidalFernandesIrber_DISSERT.pdf: 5998310 bytes, checksum: 3a1e0562c589d44d7307ce72c20ed12d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-09-08 / A intensifica??o das emiss?es de di?xido de carbono na atmosfera trouxe consigo uma das grandes preocupa??es do s?culo XXI: as mudan?as clim?ticas. O transporte, segundo maior emissor, ? um elemento chave na busca pela minimiza??o dos efeitos ocasionados pelo aquecimento global. Entretanto, o paradigma da mobilidade urbana sustent?vel ?, para os planejadores urbanos, um desafio: o de atender aos anseios da popula??o em termos de deslocamento, acessibilidade e custo, ao mesmo tempo em que se procura diminuir o impacto ambiental causado pelo setor. A alternativa dos pesquisadores no enfrentamento desse desafio ? a proposi??o de estrat?gias de transporte de baixo carbono. Uma revis?o bibliogr?fica do tema identificou oito estrat?gias mais utilizadas: Controle de Uso do Solo, Transporte Orientado ? Demanda (TOD), Tarifa??o Veicular, Transporte P?blico, Controle de Tr?fego, Ve?culos de Baixo Carbono, Tarifa??o Urbana, e Educa??o Ecoveicular. Considerando tais estrat?gias de minimiza??o das emiss?es de g?s carb?nico no transporte urbano, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo identificar quais delas, com um menor impacto negativo na mobilidade, s?o mais suscet?veis de implanta??o na cidade de Natal (Brasil). O trabalho recorreu ? an?lise de pol?ticos, t?cnicos especialistas e pesquisadores da ?rea, utilizando o Processo de Hierarquiza??o Anal?tica (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP) como ferramenta de apoio ? decis?o. Os crit?rios de an?lise utilizados no m?todo foram aspectos t?cnico, legal, pol?tico, financeiro e de gest?o. Foi utilizado question?rio eletr?nico para a coleta de dados e planilha eletr?nica para seu tratamento. Em rela??o ? hierarquiza??o das estrat?gias, objeto principal deste estudo, os entrevistados deram prioridade ao Transporte P?blico, seguido de Controle do Uso do Solo, Transporte Orientado ? Demanda, Controle de Tr?fego, Educa??o Ecoveicular, Ve?culos de Baixo Carbono, Tarifa??o Urbana e Tarifa??o Veicular. Em rela??o aos aspectos considerados, os resultados apontam como mais importantes para o processo decis?rio os aspectos pol?ticos e de gest?o, e em menor grau de relev?ncia, os aspectos legais, t?cnicos e financeiros. / The intensification of carbon dioxide emissions in the atmosphere has brought a major concern of the 21st century: climate change. Transportation, the second largest emitter, is a key element in the quest for minimizing the effects caused by global warming. However, the paradigm of sustainable urban mobility is, for urban planners, a challenge: they try to meet the needs of the population in terms of displacement, accessibility and cost, in the same time they seek to reduce the environmental impact of industry. The alternative of researchers in copingthis challenge is to propose strategies for low-carbon transport. Through bibliographic al review, we identified eight strategies most used: Land use Control, Transit Oriented Demand (TOD), Vehicle Tax, Public Transport, Traffic Control, Low Emission Vehicle, Urban Taxes and Eco driving Education. Considering these strategies to minimize emissions of carbon dioxide in urban transport, the present study aimed to identify which, with a smaller negative impact on mobility, are more susceptible deployment in Natal (Brazil). In the study we used an analysis of political, technical experts and researchers, using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as a decision support tool. The criteria used in the method of analysis were technical, legal, political, financial and management aspects. Electronic questionnaire was used for data collection and spreadsheet for its processing. Regarding the hierarchy of strategies, main object of this study, respondents gave priority to Public Transport, followed by Control Land Use, Transit Oriented Demand, Traffic Control, Ecodriving Education, Low Emission Vehicle, UrbanTaxes Vehicle Tax. Regarding the aspects considered, the results indicate that the most important decision aspects were political and management ones, the least important ones were the, legal, technical and financial ones.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:03:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FlaviaJOS_DISSERT.pdf: 4545254 bytes, checksum: 8007b71d878dc66ff6976e4134e566bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-01 / The interaction between land and water, resulting from dynamic agents, such as wind, waves and tides, characterizes the coastal zone as a dynamic environment that is constantly disturbed and that may alter the balance of natural and man-made environment. Such modifications may be intensified when considering the climate change. This environment is highly attractive for the development of economic activities and urbanization, current scenario of the city of Natal. Weighing the economic importance for the state and the physical environment in which the capital of Rio Grande do Norte is inserted, this study aims to identify and analyze vulnerabilities and impacts caused by the rising sea level in the municipality. To that end, we defined a coastline, delimited areas susceptible to flooding and presented some flood scenarios. This way we could identify and analyze the impacts of each flood scenario in its respective section. Finally, it appears that the coastal zone in which Natal is inserted is a fragile area that requires actions aimed at mitigating vulnerabilities and facing the problem that caused the rise in the mean sea level (MSL), and mitigating the presented vulnerability framework; it is necessary to implement actions that effectively contribute to the protection and adaptation of the most fragile areas / A intera??o entre terra, ?gua que resultam em agentes din?micos, como por exemplo, ventos, ondas e mar?s caracteriza a zona costeira como um ambiente din?mico que, constantemente, sofre perturba??es que podem alterar o equil?brio natural e antr?pico do meio. Tais modifica??es podem ser intensificadas quando considerados os eventos relacionados ?s mudan?as clim?ticas. ? neste espa?o que se verifica o enorme atrativo para desenvolvimento de atividades econ?micas e urbaniza??o, cen?rio no qual se encontra o munic?pio de Natal. Ponderando a relev?ncia econ?mica para o estado e o meio f?sico na qual a capital do RN est? inserida o presente trabalho objetiva identificar e analisar as vulnerabilidades e impactos provocados pela eleva??o do n?vel m?dio do mar no munic?pio. Para tanto, foi definida uma linha de costa, delimitado trechos suscept?veis ?s zonas de inunda??o e apresentados alguns cen?rios de inunda??o. Com isso, puderam ser identificado e analisado cada cen?rio de inunda??o, em seu respectivo trecho, os impactos provocados. Por fim, verifica-se que a zona costeira na qual Natal est? inserida ? um espa?o fr?gil que necessita de a??es que visem mitigar as vulnerabilidades existentes e que para encarar a problem?tica decorrente da eleva??o do NMM e a mitiga??o do quadro de vulnerabilidade apresentado, faz-se necess?ria a aplica??o de medidas pol?ticas e a??es que contribuam, de forma eficaz, para a prote??o e adapta??o das ?reas mais fr?geis

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-01-27T14:18:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosMagnoLimaFernandesESilva_TESE.pdf: 3233676 bytes, checksum: b96c46b3892a99da603c57c2ecd46208 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-31T15:44:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosMagnoLimaFernandesESilva_TESE.pdf: 3233676 bytes, checksum: b96c46b3892a99da603c57c2ecd46208 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-31T15:44:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CarlosMagnoLimaFernandesESilva_TESE.pdf: 3233676 bytes, checksum: b96c46b3892a99da603c57c2ecd46208 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-15 / As mudan?as clim?ticas e ambientais s?o temas interdisciplinares de alta complexidade, que nos ?ltimos anos tem sido amplamente divulgados para a sociedade em v?rios tipos de m?dia. Essas mudan?as climoambientais tanto tem sido validadas pelos relat?rios do Painel Intergovernamental de Mudan?as Clim?ticas, como tamb?m por outros ?rg?os ambientais e os resultados indicam um futuro preocupante para o clima, meio ambiente e humanidade. Grande parte dos efeitos negativos dessas mudan?as s?o provocadas pelo excesso de atividades antr?picas na natureza. Esses excessos s?o feitos para atender a demanda do consumismo contempor?neo, um modelo social que ? gerado por uma interpreta??o equivocada dos recursos naturais e alimentado pelo atual paradigma racional cient?fico desenvolvimentista. O presente trabalho prop?e que reformas no sistema de educa??o podem mitigar em longo prazo, a acelera??o das mudan?as clim?ticas e a degrada??o ambiental. As bases dessa reforma s?o altos investimentos numa melhor qualidade de educa??o, com um foco maior na dimens?o ambiental objetivando conscientizar o ser humano, sobre a import?ncia do meio ambiente para a humanidade. Nesse sentido, a educa??o pode aumentar a compreens?o das causas e efeitos da acelera??o das mudan?as climoambientais e por meio de, diversos processos pedag?gicos transformar atividades antr?picas nocivas em atividades sustent?veis. / Climate and environmental changes are interdisciplinary themes of high complexity, which in recent years has been widely disseminated to society by several different media. Such climate changes and environmental have been validated by the reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, as well as by many other environmental bodies and the results indicate a worrying future for the climate, environment and humanity. The causes of the unwanted effects resulting from those changes are largely due to excessive anthropogenic activities on nature. These excessive activities are carried out to attend to demands of consumerism, a social model that was established in the last century and that was generated by a misinterpretation of natural resources and powered by the current developmental rational paradigm. This document proposes to show that education can mitigate, within both medium and long term perspectives, the acceleration of climate change and environmental degradation. These objectives will be achieved through high investments which could allow improvements in education, and besides, when the environmental dimension is more valued in educational processes. The present work analyzes how education can be a powerful tool to educate the human being on the importance of climate and environment change. In this way, the educational process can lead to an increase in the understanding of the causes and effects related to the acceleration of climate and environmental changes. Thus, it can teach how transform human harmful activities into sustainable ones.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-03-07T18:19:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVasconcelosPinheiroDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 3451357 bytes, checksum: e54c55afe01cf7feb106c7ed5857980e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-03-07T18:44:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVasconcelosPinheiroDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 3451357 bytes, checksum: e54c55afe01cf7feb106c7ed5857980e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-07T18:44:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CaioVasconcelosPinheiroDaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 3451357 bytes, checksum: e54c55afe01cf7feb106c7ed5857980e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-15 / Este trabalho realizou um estudo a partir de um conjunto de dados meteorol?gicos coletados na cidade de Natal/RN e adjac?ncias, identificando evid?ncias de altera??es no seu clima urbano no per?odo de 1970 a 2010. As vari?veis utilizadas foram: temperatura m?dia, temperatura m?nima e umidade relativa. Os dados foram obtidos a partir das esta??es meteorol?gicas localizada no Campus Central da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), que faz parte da rede de observa??es do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), e do Centro de Lan?amento da Barreira do Inferno (CLBI), localizadas dentro de uma ?rea urbana e de uma ?rea de prote??o permanente (APP), respectivamente. Foi realizada uma an?lise sobre a varia??o sazonal das vari?veis meteorol?gicas.Al?m disso, foram avaliadas as tend?nciasnas s?ries temporais,utilizando para isso o template MAKESENS, que aplica o teste de Mann-Kendall e o m?todo de estimativa de inclina??es de Sen sobre o conjunto de dados. Para a temperatura m?dia, na UFRN/INMET, houve tend?ncia de crescimento nos meses de maio, julho e setembro, nos n?veis de signific?ncia de 10%, 5% e 10%, respectivamente. No CLBI, s? houve tend?ncia de crescimento da temperatura m?dia no m?s de fevereiro, no n?vel de signific?ncia de 10%. Em rela??o ? temperatura m?nima, houve tend?ncia de crescimento com signific?ncia estat?stica em quatro s?ries (janeiro, novembro, dezembro e m?dia anual) na UFRN/INMET, nos n?veis de 10%, 10%, 5% e 5%, respectivamente, e apenas em uma no CLBI, no m?s de setembro, no n?vel de signific?ncia de 10%. Em rela??o ? umidade relativa, os resultados foram extremamente discrepantes. Para a UFRN/INMET, houve tend?ncia de decrescimento com signific?ncia estat?stica em 7 das 13 s?ries, sendo elas janeiro, mar?o, abril, maio, outubro, novembro e m?dia anual, nos n?veis de 5%, 1%, 0,1%, 10%, 5%, 5% e 0,1%, respectivamente, enquanto que no CLBI houve uma tend?ncia predominante de crescimento, com signific?ncia de 1% em junho e de 5% em agosto.Essas tend?ncias s?o mais evidentes na ?rea urbana em rela??o ?ssuas adjac?ncias, evidenciando algumas caracter?sticas t?picas das Ilhas de Calor Urbanas. / This work conducted a study from a set of meteorological data collected in the city of Natal / RN and surroundings, identifying evidence of changes in its urban climate during the period from 1970 to 2010. The variables used were: average temperature, minimum temperature and relative humidity. Data were obtained from the meteorological stations located in the Central Campus of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) that is part of the network of observations from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and from Barreira do Inferno Launch Center (CLBI), located inside an urban area and inside a permanent protection area (APP), respectively. An analysis of the seasonal variation of the meteorological variables was performed. In addition, the trends were evaluated in time series, using for this the template MAKESENS, that applies the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's slopes estimates with the data set. For the average temperature in UFRN/INMET, there was growth trend in May, July and September, at the significance levels of 10%, 5% and 10%, respectively. In CLBI, there was only upward trend in average temperature in February, at the 10% significance level. Regarding the minimum temperature, there was growth trend with statistical significance in four series (January, November, December and annual average) in UFRN/INMET, at the levels of 10%, 10%, 5% and 5%, respectively, and just one in CLBI, in September, at the 10% significance level. In relation to the relative humidity, the results were extremely disparate. To UFRN/INMET, there was decreasing trend with statistically significance in 7 of the 13 series, these being January, March, April, May, October, November and annual average, at the levels of 5%, 1%, 0.1%, 10%, 5%, 5% and 0.1%, respectively, while in CLBI there was a prevailing trend of growth, with a significance of 1% in June and 5% in August.These trends are more pronounced in urban areas compared to surrounding area, showing some typical characteristics of Urban Heat Islands.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GABRIELLE ASTIER DE VILLATTE WHEATLEY OKRETIC.pdf: 7764782 bytes, checksum: d856de19719f12d7535fab29dd9de63b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-16 / The Brazilian urbanization - marked by the process of social and economic exclusion - have inflicted on large sections of the population to dwelling in substandard ways in risk areas for natural disasters. The environmental injustice increases inside the urban area, where the housing settlements are also characterized by inadequacy of morphology, functionality and public and private infrastructure of collective use.The lack of access to the legal city imposes families to live in precarious housing susceptible to problems related to climate change, as rain, flooding and landslides. Considering the enormous housing deficit, the Brazilian Federal Government, by its Ministry of Cities, has established a public policy to provide social housing based mainly on building housing complexes. The urban insertion and form of these planned housing settlements, however, do not respond to the cities challenge related to the environmental issue, to the risks arisen from and do not propose ways of mitigation or adaptation. The housing projects do not contribute to the impact reduction in the building, maintenance and the necessary retrofit to more suitable and comfortable future for the housing. However, the Program Minha Casa, Minha Vida , in spite of providing minimum dignity conditions to the poor population, is less than satisfactory concerned to quality of life. This work intends to expose the reality of resettlement of populations that have been occurred in the Ribeir?o Pi?arr?o waterbasin, located in the south-west of the city of Campinas-SP, and presenting preliminary proposals to more respectful and proper processes of removal and resettlement. It has been conducted interviews with local leadership and public agents and applied questionnaires to the population directly involved in the process, intending to get closer to the reality of the situation. / A urbaniza??o brasileira caracterizada por um processo de exclus?o social e econ?mica t?m imposto a grande parte da popula??o habitar de modo prec?rio em ?reas de risco de desastres naturais. A injusti?a ambiental se agudiza no meio urbano, onde os assentamentos com moradias apresentam tamb?m inadequa??o da morfologia, funcionalidade e da infraestrutura dos espa?os p?blicos e privados de uso coletivo. A falta de acesso ? cidade legal faz com que fam?lias vivam em habita??es prec?rias suscet?veis a problemas relacionados a mudan?as do clima, como chuvas, enchentes e desabamento. Dado um enorme d?ficit de moradias, o Governo Federal, atrav?s do Minist?rio das Cidades, instituiu uma pol?tica p?blica de provis?o de habita??o de interesse social baseado principalmente na constru??o de conjuntos habitacionais. A inser??o e forma urbana destes assentamentos planejados, por?m, n?o responde aos problemas e desafios das cidades face ? problem?tica ambiental, os riscos decorrentes e as respostas para mitiga??o e adapta??o. Os projetos n?o contribuem para a redu??o dos impactos na constru??o, manuten??o e reformas necess?rias para o futuro mais adequado e confort?vel para a moradia. No entanto, o Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida, apesar de proporcionar condi??es m?nimas de dignidade a essa popula??o est? muito aqu?m de proporcionar qualidade de vida satisfat?ria. O presente trabalho busca expor a realidade de reassentamentos de popula??es ocorridos na Bacia Hidrogr?fica do Ribeir?o Pi?arr?o, localizada na regi?o sudoeste de Campinas-SP, apresentando propostas preliminares para processos de remo??o e reassentamento mais respeitosos e dignos. Foram realizadas entrevistas com lideran?as locais e agentes p?blicos e aplica??o de question?rios com popula??o diretamente envolvida no processo, com o objetivo de aproxima??o da realidade local vivida na determinada situa??o.