Submitted by ELENI JESUS DE SOUZA null (souza_eleni@hotmail.com) on 2016-08-31T03:08:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 aula como ato criativo e educador como propositor.pdf: 26288253 bytes, checksum: 4da17bf78b67cace61f442d2ecf1af34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Paula Grisoto (grisotoana@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-08-31T14:39:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ej_me_ia.pdf: 26288253 bytes, checksum: 4da17bf78b67cace61f442d2ecf1af34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-31T14:39:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_ej_me_ia.pdf: 26288253 bytes, checksum: 4da17bf78b67cace61f442d2ecf1af34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Essa Pesquisa educacional versa sobre uma práxis educativa em arte educação, cujo tema, a aula como ato criativo e o educador como propositor, considera que a inteligência se constrói a partir das experiências de seus próprios sujeitos. Assim, inferimos não ser possível conceber uma aula, senão na experiência, na coletividade, no saber fazer, opinar, criticar e avaliar não estando integralmente mergulhados em propósitos. Compreendemos um projeto educativo como ação por concepção, considerando o sujeito como criador e propositor de si mesmo. Vemos o Projeto como possibilidades colaboradoras em arte educação, dentro da concepção de aula como ato criativo e o educador como propositor de percursos, que compartilha um processo de ensino e aprendizagem, no qual a pesquisa da prática em arte experiência são indissociáveis. Como exemplificação, apresentamos um estudo educacional em arte educação numa escola estadual, perpassando conceitos como os de Polivalência e Interdisciplinaridade, concluindo que a Interdisciplinaridade corrobora o pensamento estético, artístico e crítico dos alunos mas a Polivalência não. Aferimos também, por meio de sondagem efetuada com professores de arte do estado de São Paulo, que o Currículo de arte cedido pela SEE/SP divide opiniões pela forma como se apresenta, sobre o que propõe e como propõe ao educador as “metodologias” para o trabalho em sala de aula. Ressaltamos que a autoria é intrinseca às atividades humanas, ao clarificar que a obra de arte não se constitiu um presente do acaso, e sim intencionalidade de seu autor. Demonstramos tanto que o estudo minucioso da prática, os registros, os diários e os diálogos possibilitam ao educador o retorno a determinados momentos de sua práxis – ou seja, a seus próprios processos de criação – quanto o fato de que uma atividade autoral e integrada leva os alunos à apropriação de linguagens, técnicas, conteúdos, momentos históricos e, sobretudo, ao entendimento artístico como experiência vivida entre corpo e mente. / Educational research over an art education practice in which the subject is the class as a creative act and the educator its proposer, taking in consideration that what builds intelligence is the person’s own experiences. Thus, it infers as not possible designing a class that is not based on experimentation, collectivity, know how, opinion, criticism and evaluation – thus being fully immersed in purposes. It comprises an educational project as an action by concept, since it considers the subject as both creator and proponent of itself. It sees the project as collaborative possibilities in art education within the concept of the class as a creative act and the educator as the proposer of paths sharing a teaching and learning process in which art research and practical experience are inseparable. As exemplification, this research presents an art education study held in a public school, pervading concepts such as multifunctionality and interdisciplinarity. The reached conclusion points in the direction that interdisciplinarity corroborates to the aesthetic, artistic and critical thinking of the students, however, multifunctionality does not. With the aid of a survey carried out with art teachers of São Paulo State public schools, the study also indicates that the Art’s Curriculum adopted by the State divides opinions among teachers, specially concerning the way it is presented, the proposals within and how they’re laid out to the educators: as working "methodologies" for the classroom. Moreover, this study emphasizes that authorship is intrinsic to human activity and clarifies that the work of art is not a gift of chance but the result of the author’s intentionality. Detailed practice studies, records, diaries and dialogues allow educators to return to certain moments of their praxis, that is, their own creative processes; also, an authorial and integrated activity create for students the possibility of an appropriation of languages, techniques, contents, historical moments and especially the understanding of an artistic experience lived between body and mind.

Esta tese veicula uma investigação sobre o papel do turismo para a agricultura familiar. Diante dos problemas do êxodo rural, das desigualdades sociais e das limitadas alternativas de renda para comunidades rurais brasileiras, o estudo dos efeitos do turismo torna-se pertinente para refletir sobre sua capacidade de oferecer soluções pertinentes e vantajosas para os agricultores familiares. Assim, objetiva-se aqui caracterizar e identificar elementos socioculturais e ambientais que possam se constituir em referencial para estudos do turismo e sua contribuição para agricultura familiar. Para tal propósito, realizou-se um estudo de caso na população tradicional remanescente de quilombo Mandira e Reserva Extrativista do Mandira-SP. A tese contém reflexões sobre a ruralidade, a agricultura familiar e o turismo. Efetivamente, a agricultura familiar desempenha papel importante no espaço agrário. A discussão sobre a problemática ambiental no planeta, a emergência do termo sustentabilidade, tomando lugar da noção de ecodesenvolvimento transformam a reflexão sobre a agricultura familiar e as comunidades tradicionais. Neste contexto, a abordagem teórica da multifuncionalidade da agricultura familiar constitui um meio pertinente para a leitura sobre o equilíbrio socioambiental no meio rural. Através das lentes da multifuncionalidade, há uma inter-relação profunda entre ecologia, agricultura e turismo, deste modo a pesquisa percorre o debate sobre as preocupações em torno do turismo e da agricultura familiar. Em termos de estudo empírico, analisa-se a multifuncionalidade na comunidade Mandira como ferramenta para avaliação da atividade turística local. A investigação trata notadamente da infraestrutura turística na comunidade, dos passeios propostos em Mandira, da forma de hospedagem, das reservas, das formas de divulgação, do fluxo turístico e da participação do mandiranos na atividade turística. Com esses elementos, analisamos em que medida o turismo local se ancora na cultura local, favorecendo suas manifestações e revigorando suas tradições. A multifuncionalidade da agricultura familiar em Mandira é tomada portanto para uma análise do turismo. Trata-se de considerar os efeitos desta atividade para a manutenção do tecido social e cultural, a promoção da segurança alimentar, a reprodução socioeconômica das família e a preservação dos recursos naturais e da paisagem rural. Desta maneira, concebe-se um modelo de análise original para a avaliação do turismo comunitário ou do agroturismo no Brasil. / This thesis conveys an investigation about the role of tourism in family farming. Given the problems of rural exodus, social inequalities and limited alternative sources of income for rural Brazilian communities, the study of the effects of tourism is pertinent to reflect on the ability to provide relevant and viable solutions for family farmers. Thus, the objective here is to characterize and identify socio-cultural and environmental elements that may constitute a reference for studies of tourism and its contribution to family farming. For this purpose, we performed a case study in the Mandira traditional population of remanescent of quilombo and Mandira Extractive Reserve, Brazil. The thesis contains reflections on rurality, family farming and tourism. Effectively, family farming plays an important role in the agricultural space. The discussion of environmental problems on the planet, the emergence of the term sustainability, the concept of eco-development transforms the reflection on family farms and traditional communities. In this context, the theoretical approach on multifunctionality of family farming is a useful medium for analysing the environmental balance in the rural areas. Through the lens of multifunctionality, there is a deep relationship between ecology, agriculture and tourism. Thus, the research traverses the debate concerning tourism and the family farming. In terms of empirical study, we analyze multifunctionality in Mandira community as a tool for assessing local touristic activity. The investigation deals mainly with tourism infrastructure in the community, tours, hospitality, reservations, marketing practices, tourist flow and the populatoion\'s participation in the tourism activity. With these elements, we analyze to what extent the local tourism anchors in the local culture, favoring its manifestations and reinvigorating their traditions. The multifunctionality of agriculture is taken for an analysis of tourism. It considers the effects of this activity for the maintenance of the social and cultural fabric, the promotion of food security, socioeconomic reproduction of families and the preservation of natural resources and Landscape. Thus, designing na original model for evaluating community tourism or agritourism in Brazil.

Ao longo da história da humanidade duas características se destacam: a crescente capacidade de captar energia e informação por parte das populações humanas, especialmente exponencial nos últimos 300 anos, e o aumento da complexidade na organização das suas sociedades em razão notadamente do crescimento das teias de interdependência humana. As pressões políticas e econômicas por satisfazer as necessidades do mercado mundial colocam em risco a reprodução social das populações amazônicas com seus meios tradicionais de sobrevivência, o que implica em ameaça à estabilidade política do país. O olhar investigativo deste trabalho se volta para os contextos sócio-históricos como base de uma análise das instituições em torno do uso de um recurso de acesso comum, considerando as múltiplas funções (sociais, ambientais, culturais) destas práticas sociais, particularmente relacionadas ao manejo e exploração coletiva da castanha do Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa). Neste quadro, este estudo teve como objetivo examinar em que medida o uso deste recurso de acesso comum, a castanha do Brasil, regido por normas locais, é afetado por medidas governamentais. As instituições relacionadas aos recursos de acesso comum participam e se desenvolvem na propriedade comunal, num processo de longo tempo. Elas podem se reforçar ou se fragilizar em razão de medidas governamentais. Estas últimas serão o objeto de análise, constituindo parte do quebra-cabeça necessário para nos aproximar de uma realidade complexa. Os resultados deste trabalho visam também contribuir com a reflexão sobre o papel do Estado na promoção e reconhecimento ou, ao contrário, na erosão - de funções associadas às atividades extrativas florestais, neste caso em torno da exploração comunitária da castanha do Brasil em Tres Islas. Para desenvolver este objetivo, procura-se resgatar e analisar a história da Amazônia peruana, destacando processos socioculturais da comunidade de Tres Islas. Ademais, procura-se caracterizar o sistema de exploração da castanha em seu ecossistema específico e identificar as múltiplas funções associadas a esta atividade extrativa. Posteriormente, são analisadas as políticas públicas que afetam o manejo da castanha do Brasil na comunidade de Tres Islas, análise fundada nos referenciais que orientam a ação do Estado. A abordagem metodológica desta pesquisa se fundamenta, sobretudo, na análise de entrevistas com coletores de castanha, o que permite apresentar as características de manejo coletivo da terra, discutir como as políticas, em escala regional e nacional, e como padrões culturais ou forças sócio-econômicas se relacionam com a tomada de decisões dos atores individuais e coletivos sobre suas estratégias de reprodução social. Como conclusão observou-se que as regras usadas na comunidade de Tres Islas para a atividade castanheira configuram, em grande medida, um sistema de gestão robusto, favorável a preservação da auto-gestão comunitária da atividade extrativa florestal, com benefício econômico às famílias de Tres Islas e fortalecimento das relações sociais ao interior da comunidade. Ao mesmo tempo, este sistema rege uma exploração extrativista que contribui com conservação da floresta, quando comparada com outras atividades. No entanto, este sistema de manejo autogestionário encontra-se sob risco: as medidas governamentais são concebidas e implementadas sem um maior reconhecimento das múltiplas funções associadas a esta atividade extrativa. / There are two remarkable characteristics during mankind history: the increasing capacity of human populations, exponentially in the last 300 years, to obtain energy and information and the increase in the complexity of the organization of their societies based especially on human interdependence. Economical and political pressures to satisfy the needs of the worldwide market put at risk the social reproduction of the Amazonian populations with their traditional ways of survival. This implies a threat to the political stability of the country. The research approach of this project focuses on the social-historical context to analyze institutions regarding the use of a common-pool resource. We have considered multiple functions (social, environmental, cultural) of these social practices, particularly, regarding the management and collective exploration of the Brazil nut (Bertholletia excelsa). In this scenario, the purpose of the study was to evaluate the extent of use of the commonpool resource, the Brazil nut, governed by local laws and affected by governmental measures. The institutions related with the common-pool resources participate in the common property in a very long process. They can become stronger or more fragile depending on the governmental measures. These measures will be analyzed, constituting part of the puzzle necessary to be closer to a complex reality. The results of this project also propose to contribute with a reflection about the role of the State in the promotion and acknowledgment, or on the contrary, in the erosion on associated functions to forest extraction activities. In this particular case, about the communal exploration of the Brazil nut in Tres Islas. To develop the objective, we pursued to rescue and analyze the history of the Peruvian Amazon. We emphasized social-cultural processes of the community Tres Islas. Also, we pursued to characterize the exploration system of the Brazil nut in its specific ecosystem and identify the multiple functions associated to this extractive activity. After the analysis of the public policies affecting the management of the Brazil nut, in the community Tres Islas, it reported that everything is dependent on a States action. The methodological approximation of this research focuses, overall, in the analysis of interviews with harvesters of Brazil nuts. This allows us to present the characteristics of collective management of the land, discuss policies at regional and national level, and how cultural patterns or social-economical forces are related with decisions taken by individual and collective stakeholders about their social reproduction strategies. In conclusion, we observed that the rules used in the community Tres Islas for the activity of Brazil nut harvest, lead to a strong management system favorable to the preservation of the self-community management in forest activities. This also brings an economical advantage to the families and the strengthening of the social relations inside the community. At the same time, this system guides an extractive exploration contributing with the forest preservation in comparison with other activities. However, this self-managed system is under risk, governmental measures are thought and implemented without the corresponding acknowledgment of the multiple functions associated to this extractive activity.

O rural está deixando de ser percebido apenas como espaço de produção agrícola para ser encarado como detentor de múltiplas funções de interesse geral da sociedade. O reconhecimento de funções sociais, ambientais e culturais da agricultura faz com que a população rural esteja no foco de novas políticas públicas de desenvolvimento. O enfoque da multifuncionalidade da agricultura busca construir um aparato teórico-metodológico para compreender essas funções e dar subsídio à formulação e avaliação dessas políticas. Dentre estas políticas, a de Pagamento por Serviços Ambientais para a Conservação dos Recursos Hídricos (PSA-Água) se destaca por reconhecer a proteção dos recursos hídricos como inerente ao rural. Neste sentido, o trabalho analisou como os projetos de pagamento por serviços ambientais destinados à conservação dos recursos hídricos estão influenciando dimensões da reprodução, manutenção e valorização das condições sociais, econômicas e ambientais da agricultura familiar nos diferentes contextos onde estão implementados na porção Mata Atlântica dos estados da região sudeste brasileira. Além de entender casos específicos, buscou-se estabelecer uma compreensão mais ampla do mecanismo de PSA como política pública para a agricultura familiar no Brasil. Usou-se o método de estudo de caso, pesquisando os projetos: Conservador das Águas em Extrema-MG, ProdutorES de Água em Alfredo Chaves-ES e o Projeto Piloto no PCJ em Joanópolis e Nazaré Paulista-SP. Desenvolveu-se quatro níveis de análise: 1) teórico, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica; 2) institucional-legal, por meio de uma análise de conteúdo dos documentos legais que criam os projetos; 3) dos atores institucionais, por meio de entrevistas gravadas com os formuladores, gestores e executores dos projetos; e, 4) dos proprietários rurais, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas junto aos participantes e não participantes dos projetos. Identificou-se que, no campo teórico, as noções de multifuncionalidade da agricultura e de serviços ambientais se inter-relacionam, mas emergem sob referências distintas, o que torna instigante a mobilização da primeira para o exame dos projetos de PSA-Água no que se refere à sua capacidade de reconhecer e valorizar as múltiplas funções da agricultura familiar. As dimensões privilegiadas destes PSA-Água são: o direito de propriedade, a racionalidade econômica, o conhecimento técnico-científico e a conservação ambiental. Estas dimensões constituem eixos em torno dos quais os atores institucionais trabalharam para a existência dos projetos, o que relegou para segundo plano a perspectiva de construir uma política agroambiental com base na agricultura familiar. Estes atores atuaram menos para aumentar ou melhorar as condições dos serviços ambientais e mais para reforçar as instituições nas quais estão engajados. A implementação dos projetos ocorreu em contextos onde há perfis socioeconômicos heterogêneos de proprietários rurais. As tomadas de decisões ocorreram no entanto pouco levando em conta as dinâmicas sociais, econômicas e culturais em torno dos agricultores familiares. Assim, poucos impactos significativamente positivos sobre estas dimensões podem ser observados. Seja como for, foram os agricultores familiares os que mais contribuíram com o cumprimento das metas ambientais dos projetos. Concluiu-se que os projetos de PSA-Água analisados enquanto dispositivo de políticas públicas pouco valorizam o conjunto de funções da agricultura familiar no Brasil. / The country is ceasing to be perceived only as a space for agricultural production to be seen as multiple functions in the general interest of society holder. The recognition of social, environmental and cultural functions of agriculture makes the rural population is the focus of new public development policies. The focus of the multifunctionality of agriculture seeks to build a theoretical - methodological apparatus to understand these functions and give allowance to the formulation and evaluation of policies. Among these policies, Payment by (PSA - Water) Environmental Conservation Services Water Resources stands for recognizing the protection of water resources as a function of the countryside. In this sense, the work analyzed as payment for environmental services projects for the conservation of water resources are influencing dimensions of reproduction, maintenance and enhancement of social, economic and environmental conditions of family farming in the different contexts in which they are implemented in the Atlantic Forest portion of states of southeastern Brazil. Thus, in addition to understanding specific cases, we sought to establish a broader understanding of the PSA mechanism as public policy for family farming in Brazil. We used the method of study of case, surveying projects: Conservative Waters in Extrema, Minas Gerais water producers in Alfredo Chaves - ES and the Pilot Project the PCJ in Joanópolis and Nazaré Paulista - SP. Developed four levels of analysis: 1) theory, through a literature search; 2) institutional-legal, through a content analysis of legal documents that create the projects; 3) the institutional actors, through recorded interviews with the makers, managers and implementers of projects; and, 4) the landowners, through semi-structured interviews with participants and non-participants of the projects. It was found that, in theory, the notions of multifunctionality of agriculture and environmental services are interrelated, but emerge under different references, which makes it exciting mobilization from the first to the examination of PSA - Water projects as refers to its ability to recognize and value the multiple functions of family farming. The privileged dimensions of these PSA-Water are: the right to property, economic rationality, technical and scientific knowledge and environmental conservation. These dimensions are axes around which the institutional actors worked for the existence of the projects, which relegated to the background the prospect of building a agrienvironmental policy based on family farming. These actors acted less to increase or improve the conditions of environmental services and more to strengthen the institutions in which they are engaged. The implementation of the projects took place in contexts where there are heterogeneous socioeconomic profiles of landowners. Decision making occurred however little taking into account the social, economic and cultural dynamics around the family farmers. Thus, few significantly positive impacts on these dimensions can be observed. In any case, it was the farmers who most contributed to the achievement of the targets of the projects. It was concluded that PSA - Water projects analyzed as little public policies device value the wide range of functions of family farming in Brazil.

Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-06-14T20:27:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - As?lio Vieira Passos.pdf: 1230136 bytes, checksum: e9c77cc513b48585810d519d2fdbf327 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-14T20:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012 - As?lio Vieira Passos.pdf: 1230136 bytes, checksum: e9c77cc513b48585810d519d2fdbf327 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-17 / The characteristics of rusticity and multifunctionality pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) have been known for a long time. In small family production, units located in some settlement projects of agrarian reform, in Rio de Janeiro state, has been observed frequently this crop cultivation, and usually from seed multiplied by farmers on the spot. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of pigeon pea seeds produced for non-commercial personal use by family farmer seated agrarian reform and develop study on four harvest seasons, carried in pods "verdoengas" (yellowish green and greenish yellow) and brown, to obtain seeds non-commercial good physiological quality. The seeds acquired from family farmer seated agrarian reform were sown in 2011/02/03; seedling emergence occurred at 6 DAS, and the culture was then conveyed to the reproductive stage, when harvests were held in pods of four seasons at 140, 162, 169 and 177 DAS. The following determinations were made of: moisture content at harvest (Uc%) and storage (Ua%), average number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant, yield, seed weigth and percentage germination and seed without heat treatment. The average Uc% was 44%, whereas the value obtained from seeds produced by brown pods was 22%, and remained Ua% average of 11% in four harvests for the two classes pods. Plants showed an average number of 62 pods / plant and pods, about four seeds / pod, the weight of a thousand seeds showed average value of 130g, with the figures derived from the seed pods were brown more high, around 142g/1000sementes, the average production of seeds per plant was 33g, the average yield was 1.300kg/ha the four harvest times, and the average of the last two harvests showed higher value, around 1.420kg/ha, the average germination rates of seeds that received heat treatment to break dormancy was 85%, while the seeds that did not receive this treatment, the average was 62%. / As caracter?sticas de rusticidade e multifuncionalidades do feijoeiro Guandu (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) s?o conhecidas h? muito tempo. Em unidades de produ??o familiar, localizadas nos projetos de assentamento de reforma agr?ria no estado do Rio de Janeiro, tem sido observado freq?entemente o cultivo dessa cultura, realizado em geral a partir de sementes multiplicadas no pr?prio s?tio, por agricultores. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar o efeito de quatro ?pocas de colheita das vagens de feij?o guandu, correspondente ?s colora??es ?verdoengas? e marrons?, para obten??o de sementes n?o comerciais de m?xima qualidade fisiol?gica, produzidas para uso pr?prio em unidade de produ??o familiar. As sementes foram adquiridas mediante compra de agricultor familiar assentado da reforma agr?ria do Projeto de Assentamento Jo?o Batista Soares, e foram semeadas em 03/02/2011; a emerg?ncia das pl?ntulas ocorreu aos 6 DAS, e a cultura foi ent?o conduzida at? o est?gio reprodutivo, quando foram realizadas colheitas de vagens, aos 140, 162, 169 e 177 DAS. Foram realizadas determina??es de grau de umidade no momento da colheita (Uc%) e no armazenamento (Ua%), n?mero m?dio de vagens por planta, n?mero de sementes por vagem, produ??o de sementes por planta, produtividade, massa de mil sementes e porcentagem de germina??o com e sem tratamento t?rmico de sementes. Os seguintes resultados foram obtidos: a m?dia da Uc% foi de 44%, sendo que o valor obtido de sementes oriundas de vagem marrom foi de 22%, e a Ua% manteve valor m?dio de 11% nas quatro colheitas, para as duas classes de vagens; as plantas apresentaram um n?mero m?dio de 62 vagens/planta e as vagens, cerca de 4 sementes/vagem; a massa de mil sementes apresentou valores m?dios de 130g, sendo que os valores apresentados pelas sementes oriundas de vagens marrons foram mais elevados, em torno de 142g/1000sementes;a produ??o m?dia de sementes por planta foi de 33g; a produtividade m?dia foi de 1.300kg/ha nas quatro ?pocas de colheita, sendo que a m?dia das duas ?ltimas colheitas apresentou maior valor, em torno de 1.420kg/ha; a m?dia de germina??o das sementes que receberam tratamento t?rmico para quebra de dorm?ncia foi de 85%, enquanto nas sementes que n?o receberam esse tratamento, essa m?dia foi de 62%.

<p>Functional oxide-based thin films have attracted much attention owing to their broad applications in modern society. The multifunction tuning in oxide thin films is critical for obtaining enhanced properties. In this dissertation, four new nanocomposite thin film systems with highly textured growth have been fabricated by pulsed laser deposition technique. The functionalities including ferromagnetism, ferroelectricity, multiferroism, magnetoelectric coupling, low-field magnetoresistance, transmittance, optical bandgap and dielectric constants have been demonstrated. Besides, the tunability of the functionalities have been studied via different approaches.</p> <p>First, varies deposition frequencies have been used in vertically aligned nanocomposite BaTiO₃:YMnO₃ (BTO:YMO) and BaTiO₃:La_0.7Sr_0.3Mn₃(BTO:LSMO) thin films. In both systems, the strain coupling effect between the phases are affected by the density of grain boundaries. Increasing deposition frequency generates thinner columns in BTO:YMO thin films, which enhances the anisotropic ferromagnetic response in the thin films. In contrast, the columns in BTO:LSMO thin films become discontinuous as the deposition frequency increases, leading to the diminished anisotropic ferromagnetic response. Coupling with the ferroelectricity in BTO, the room temperature multiferroic properties have been obtained in these two systems.</p> <p> Second, the impact of the film composition has been demonstrated in La_0.7Ca_0.3MnO₃ (LCMO):CeO₂thin film system, which has an insulating CeO₂in ferromagnetic conducting LCMO matrix structure. As the atomic percentage of the CeO₂increases, enhanced low-field magnetoresistance and increased metal-to-insulator transition temperature are observed. The thin films also show enhanced anisotropic ferromagnetic response comparing with the pure LCMO film.</p> <p> Third, the transition metal element in Bi₃MoM_TO₉(M_T, transition metals of Mn, Fe, Co and Ni) thin films have been varied. The thin films have a multilayered structure with M_T-rich pillar-like domains embedded in Mo-rich matrix structure. The anisotropic magnetic easy axis and optical properties have been demonstrated. By the element variation, the optical bandgaps, dielectric constants as well as anisotropic ferromagnetic properties have been achieved. </p> <p> The studies in this dissertation demonstrate several examples of tuning the multifunctionalities in oxide-based nanocomposite thin films. These enhanced properties can broaden the applications of functional oxides for advanced nanoscale devices.</p><br>

No description available.

Cuttlebone, the endoskeleton of cuttlefish, offers an intriguing biological structural model for designing low-density cellular ceramics with high stiffness and damage tolerance. Cuttlebone is highly porous (porosity ~93%) and lightweight (density less than 20% of seawater), constructed mainly by brittle aragonite (95 wt%), but capable of sustaining hydrostatic water pressures over 20 atmospheres and exhibits energy dissipation capability under compression comparable to many metallic foams (~4.4 kJ/kg). Here we computationally investigate how such a remarkable mechanical efficiency is enabled by the multiscale structure of cuttlebone. Using the common cuttlefish, Sepia Officinalis, as a model system, we first conducted high-resolution synchrotron micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and quantified the cuttlebone's multiscale geometry, including the 3D asymmetric shape of individual walls, the wall assembly patterns, and the long-range structural gradient of walls across the entire cuttlebone (ca. 40 chambers). The acquired 3D structural information enables systematic finite-element simulations, which further reveal the multiscale mechanical design of cuttlebone: at the wall level, wall asymmetry provides optimized energy dissipation while maintaining high structural stiffness; at the chamber level, variation of walls (number, pattern, and waviness amplitude) contributes to progressive damage; at the entire skeletal level, the gradient of chamber heights tailors the local mechanical anisotropy of the cuttlebone for reduced stress concentration. Our results provide integrated insights into understanding the cuttlebone's multiscale mechanical design and provide useful knowledge for the designs of lightweight cellular ceramics. Upon the prior curvature analysis of the cuttlebone walls, we discovered that the walls were primarily "saddle-shaped". Thus, the characterization of different curvatures, varying between flat, domed, saddled, or cylindrical surfaces, were explored. A mathematical model was utilized to generate multiple walls with different curvature characteristics. We observed the mechanical performance of these walls via finite-element analysis and formulated different techniques for designing effective ceramic structures through incorporation of curvature. / Master of Science / The cuttlefish is a marine species that instead of having an inflatable swim bladder like fish, is a mollusk capable of swimming by utilizing their skeleton, called the cuttlebone. The cuttlefish can freely traverse the waters by controlling the flow of water in and out of their brittle skeletons, changing their buoyancy. For this reason, the cuttlebone must be very porous yet strong to withstand the deep-water pressures, enticing an interest for closer observation of the structure which may be useful in engineering applications involving ceramic structures. In this study, we examined an actual cuttlebone structure to better visualize its features with high-resolution synchrotron micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) and tabulated its mechanical performance through a variety of tests using computational software. The skeletal design of the cuttlebone consists of multiple layered chambers supported by wavy, pillar-like walls. It was revealed that the cuttlebone is remarkable due to its multiscale design: the asymmetric geometry of the walls are designed to tolerate considerable amounts of energy while a stiff construction; at the chamber level, variation of walls (number, pattern, and waviness amplitude) helps avoid complete destruction of the structure in the event of an excessive force; at the entire skeletal level, various of chamber heights reduces inflicted stress in concentrated regions of the cuttlebone. The wavy walls were also observed to retain a saddle-shaped curviness, versus simple flat, domed, or cylindrical shaped walls. This created an incentive to explore the effects of curvature on the structural integrity of brittle ceramic structures. We developed an effective way for generating walls with different curvatures and observed the mechanical performance of each wall by crushing them in computer simulations. It was identified that adding curvature to brittle walls prolonged the failure period significantly. While the cylindrical walls were found to be rather stiff, saddle-shaped walls, although not capable of withstanding as much force as flat or cylindrical walls, has a more progressive failure behavior meanwhile maintaining high energy absorption, hence the saddled walls of the cuttlebone to allow maintenance and self-repair in damaged regions.

Jordens klimat blir allt varmare, och de redan befintliga hoten från kraftiga skyfall förväntas öka. Behovet av att anpassa våra städer till dessa förändringar blir alltmer påtagligt, då det bland annat medför ökade risker för översvämningar, skador på infrastruktur och ekonomiska förluster. En form av klimatanpassningsåtgärder som har fått ökat intresse är multifunktionella skyfallsåtgärder, då de har förmågan att tillgodose fler funktioner och nyttor än enbart vattenhantering. Även multifunktionella skyfallsåtgärder måste dock integreras i stadsmiljön för att vara effektiva och accepteras. Mot bakgrund av det är syftet med studien är att belysa hur ett multifunktionalitetsperspektiv kan integreras i skyfallsplaneringen, med fokus på att belysa platsers funktioner och värden. Specifikt undersöks hur ett kriteriebaserat ramverk kan utformas för att synliggöra och utvärdera sociala, ekonomiska och miljömässiga värden. Studien utforskar också användningen av ramverket för att skapa diskussion och samsyn kring prioriteringar av värden samt identifierar potentiella förbättringar för att bredda ramverkets användbarhet i skyfallsplaneringen.  För att uppnå det här syftet utgår studien från en anpassad version av beslutsstödsmetoden multikriterieanalys, vilket utgör det huvudsakliga ramverket som tas fram och tillämpas i studien. Ramverket tillämpas i de två fallstudierna Botkyrka kommun och Uppsala kommun, där värdena rangordnas utifrån kommunernas prioriteringar. Metoder för datainsamling inkluderar litteraturstudier, workshoppar samt en enkätstudie. Resultaten visar på 20 kriterier som kan integreras i ramverket för att omfatta de centrala aspekterna av multifunktionalitet. Samtidigt betonas att ramverkets utformning bör anpassas efter den specifika kontext där det tillämpas och inte betraktas som statiskt verktyg. Vidare visar resultaten att ramverket har potential att främja diskussioner, gemensam förståelse och kreativt tänkande, samt underlätta kommunikationen mellan olika parter. För att optimera och utvidga ramverkets användbarhet föreslås ytterligare kriterier, inklusive lösningsspecifika, samt ökat deltagande från externa aktörer. Dessutom framhålls behovet av tydligare definitioner och formuleringar av kriterier och frågeställningar för att säkerställa effektiv användning. / The Earth's climate is becoming increasingly warmer, and the already existing threats from cloudbursts and heavy rainfall are expected to increase. The need to adapt our cities to these changes is becoming more urgent, as it brings increased risks of flooding, damage to infrastructure, and economic losses. One form of climate adaptation measure that has gained increased interest is multifunctional stormwater management, as it can provide multiple functions and benefits beyond just water management. However, even multifunctional stormwater measures must be integrated into the urban environment to be effective and accepted. Against this backdrop, this study aims to highlight how a multifunctional perspective can be integrated into cloudburst planning, with a focus on highlighting the functions and values of places. Specifically, it examines how a criteria-based framework can be designed to highlight and evaluate social, economic, and environmental values. The study also explores the use of the framework to create discussion and consensus around value priorities and identifies potential improvements to broaden the framework's usefulness in cloudburst planning.  To achieve this purpose, the study is based on an adapted version of the decision support method multi-criteria analysis, which forms the main framework developed and applied in the study. The framework is applied in the two case studies of Botkyrka Municipality and Uppsala Municipality, where values are ranked based on the municipalities' priorities. Data collection methods include literature studies, workshops, and a survey. The results identify 20 criteria that can be integrated into the framework to encompass the central aspects of multifunctionality. At the same time, it is emphasized that the design of the framework should be adapted to the specific context in which it is applied and not considered a fixed tool. Furthermore, the results show that the framework has the potential to promote discussions, shared understanding, and creative thinking, as well as facilitate communication between different actors. To optimize and expand the framework's usefulness, additional criteria are suggested, including solution-specific ones, as well as increased participation from external actors. Additionally, the need for clearer definitions and formulations of criteria and questions is highlighted to ensure effective use.

Les politiques de sécurité alimentaire considèrent implicitement que la satisfaction des besoins nutritionnels est un objectif suffisant et que les autres fonctions qu'assure l'alimentation – plaisir, lien social, identité – sont secondaires. La présente thèse interroge cette hypothèse. Mobilisant les avancées de l'économie du bonheur, elle propose le concept de bien-être alimentaire subjectif , défini comme la façon dont les personnes ressentent leur situation alimentaire, et construit une mesure pour en rendre compte, la satisfaction alimentaire vécue. Cette mesure est insérée dans un questionnaire soumis à trois échantillons de Maliens vivant dans des milieux différents (région de Kayes, ville de Bamako, France) et confrontés à des niveaux d'insécurité nutritionnelle variés. Des analyses statistiques et économétriques sont réalisées. Les résultats empiriques montrent que, quel que soit le niveau d'insécurité nutritionnelle, les dimensions tant biologique que sociale, hédonique ou identitaire de l'alimentation peuvent être déterminantes dans les perceptions qu'ont les personnes de leur vécu alimentaire. C'est ce qui explique que l'absence d'insécurité nutritionnelle ne soit ni une garantie, ni, surtout, un pré-requis d'une satisfaction alimentaire vécue élevée.Cette recherche suggère des implications importantes en termes d'efficacité et de définition des objectifs des politiques alimentaires. Elle va dans le sens des recommandations du Comité de la Sécurité Alimentaire mondiale d'octobre 2012 en plaidant pour compléter les approches existantes de l'insécurité alimentaire par des évaluations des perceptions individuelles des situations alimentaires vécues. / Food security programs tacitly consider that nutritional needs satisfaction is a sufficient goal and that the other functions of food-pleasure, social links, identity-are of less value. This thesis examine this assumption. Using happiness economics advances, we propose the concept of subjective food well-being, defined as the way people assess their food situation, and develop a measure to evaluate it, the experienced food satisfaction. This measure is put in a questionnaire submitted to three samples of Malian people living in different environments (Kayes region, city of Bamako, France) and facing different nutritional insecurity levels. Statistic and econometric analysis are realized. The empirical results show that, whatever the nutritional insecurity level is, every dimension of food, biological, hedonic, social or identity, can be decisive in people's perception of their food experience. It explains why lack of nutritional insecurity is not a guarantee nor a precondition of high experienced food satisfaction.This research implies important consequences for food programs efficiency and the definition of their goals. Like the last Committee of Food Security (2012) recommends, it pleads to complete existing food insecurity approaches with evaluations of individual food experience perceptions.