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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
221

NGO's Internet-Activism in Territorial Disputes

Nam, Hayana 01 January 2016 (has links)
Internet has become the most efficient method in information dissemination, collaboration and interaction connecting diversity of people, places, ideas and cultures all around the world. With new communication and information technology, Internet has become a pragmatic way for NGOs to share their interests worldwide. Although NGOs have been utilizing the internet, the power of internet-activism is underestimated. Thus, this paper studies Internet-activism as the new method for NGOs to work in terms of territorial disputes. It specifically studies South Korea and Japan’s territorial disputes over Dokdo and Sea of Japan/East Sea that have been causing heated contention over a long time. It studies NGO’s different methods in raising awareness of this issue through a Korean cyber organization called VANK, Voluntary Agency Network of Korea. The purpose of this study is to prove that Internet-activism is an efficient and powerful method for NGOs.
222

Non governmental public action in adolescent fertility : the cases of Argentina, Chile and Uruguay

Pereira Bruno, Javier 05 October 2010 (has links)
This dissertation examines the role of nongovernmental public action (NGPA) in the controversial field of adolescent fertility in Buenos Aires (Argentina), Santiago (Chile) and Montevideo (Uruguay). Embracing a comparative perspective the study investigates the modes in which national policy and institutional environments shape the role of civil society organizations and their margins of autonomy vis a vis other powerful actors such as the State and the Catholic church. Forty one organizations whose mission includes the prevention of teenage pregnancy or the support of teenage parents were studied using a multi-method approach to explore cross national similarities and differences. An exhaustive account of national and subnational policies and programs in this field demonstrates the existence of isomorphic trends in the treatment and framing of adolescent reproductive behavior as a critical issue of public policy in each country. Similarly in all three countries women’s rights organizations play a critical role in the legal recognition and enforcement of adolescents’ sexual and reproductive rights while pro-poor organizations are fundamental actors in addressing the specific needs of teenage mothers and their children. However, important cross national differences were found regarding the modes in which NGPA engages with governmental agencies. As distinctive national marks, the study reveals a strong presence of NGOs in the role of rights watchdogs and monitors in Argentina, a strong alliance between central government structures and technical NGOs to confront resistances to reforms in Chile, and the utilization of NGOs as service providers in detriment of their participation in phases of policy design in Uruguay. Although the language of rights has colonized most of the surveyed organizations, adult-centric practices and discourses are still defining the interaction with adolescents. Adolescent’s demands are rarely voiced and only a few organizations favor their engagement in contentious politics and community activism. Nongovernmental autonomy is severely curtailed as a result of the influence of religion, and the lack of state modernization or financial opportunities, in the three countries. On theoretical grounds, the study highlights the importance of public policy as the arena where the potential of civil society can be maximized. / text
223

Solidarité et charité dans la question sociale : les associations en France et les ONG au Brésil / Solidarity and charity in the social question : associations in France and NGOs in Brazil

Eberspächer-Gumz, Aline Mara 17 December 2010 (has links)
Il est possible d’observer que dans les vingt dernières années une nouvelle catégorie d’organisations s’est renforcée dans les sociétés brésilienne et occidentale. Cette catégorie est née de la force unificatrice de la société civile. La société a perçu qu’en travaillant ensemble, de forme associative, avec la participation du volontaire, on renforce les moyens d’atteindre ses objectifs. Au Brésil, ces organisations sont appelées tiers secteur, étant donné qu’elles n’appartiennent ni au premier secteur (l’État), ni au second (le Marché), elles sont populairement nommées de ONG (organisation non gouvernamentale). Dans la société française, ces organisations sont appelées de l’économie sociale et solidaire. Cet modèle économique est née de l’association d’individus qui ont lutté pour une meilleure qualité de vie.La thèse présente une analyse comparative des caractéristiques des organisations du tiers secteur prenant en considération la réalité européenne, à partir de la France et celle de l’Amérique latine à partir du Brésil, focalisant la théorie, l’action professionnelle et le financement des agents responsables du fonctionnement de ces organisations. La thèse présente ainsi les similitudes et différences à travers d’une analyse comparative entre les organisations françaises et brésiliennes qui s’occupent de la question sociale. Cette analyse permet une réflexion à propôs du rôle du citoyen face aux pouvoirs publics et des réels capacités de transformation sociale engendrées par le tiers secteurs. / It is possible to observe that in the last twenty years a new class of organizations has increased in Brazil and Western societies. This category emerged from the unifying force of the civil society. The civil society has seen that by working together in associations, with voluntary participation, it reinforces the means to achieve its objectives. In Brazil, these organizations are called the third sector, since they do not belong to the first sector (the State) or the second sector (the market); they are named NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations). In France, these organizations are known as the social economy. This economic model was born from the association of individuals who fought for a better quality of life. This thesis presents a comparative analysis of the characteristics of third sector organizations, taking into consideration the European reality from France and the Latin America reality from Brazil, focusing theory, professional action and funding agents responsible for the operation of these organizations. This thesis presents the similarities and differences through a comparative analysis between the Brazilian and French organizations involved in social issues. This analysis provides a reflection on the role of the citizen and the government discussing the real possibilities of the social transformations engendered by the third sector.
224

A 'Seat at the Table': Exploring the relationship between pluralist structures and involvement in decision-making—The Case of the Nile Basin Initiative

Okoth, Simon 30 November 2009 (has links)
The goal of this study was to explore the relationship between pluralist structures and involvement in decision-making of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI). To establish this relationship the study asked two primary questions: What are the characteristics of power structures of the NBI as they relate to stakeholder involvement in Ethiopia? For those not involved in the decision-making process, what constraints prevent them from getting a ‘seat at the table’?” Two secondary questions were also asked: Do the power structure characteristics in Ethiopia relate to pluralism and, if so, how? To what extent are conditions in Ethiopia compatible with the prerequisites of pluralism? The study focused on one issue-area, the Water Resources Planning and Management Project. Qualitative data were collected primarily from NGOs in Ethiopia during the month of December, 2008. Background information was collected in Entebbe, Uganda, the home to the NBI Secretariat. Data sources included in-depth key informant interviews (n=30), archival, geographical, historical, and scientific accounts. The findings show that 1) the characteristics of power structures of the Nile Basin Initiative in Ethiopia are both pluralistic and elitist; 2) the level of involvement in the Water Resources Planning and Management Project by nongovernmental stakeholders is low; 3) the framework for involvement is limited and restricted to invitations to selected meetings in which the role of the NGOs is that of the observer; 4) political factors are the leading constraints to involvement, followed by lack of capacity of the NGOs and the NBI, structural limitations, and lack of information and awareness. The study concludes that, even though there is consistent theoretical link between pluralist structures and stakeholder involvement, the mere presence of pluralist structures does not guarantee involvement. It all depends on how well those structures function. The findings thus leads this study to hypothesize that the pluralist structures and elite power structures exist side by side, at least in the context of Ethiopia. Through the pluralist structures, organized groups are formally recognized while the elite power structures determine the process and who makes the decisions.
225

Socialização para a cidadania: limites e possibilidades no universo das Organizações Não-Governamentais / Socialization for the citizenship: limits and possibilities in the universe of Not-Governmental Organizations (NGO)

Heder, Fernando Manzieri 12 March 2009 (has links)
O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar uma proposta de prática sócio-educativa de uma ONG chamada Fundação EPROCAD, buscando verificar as potencialidades e limites de suas estratégias socializadoras para a constituição das formas de ser, pensar e agir de jovens das camadas populares enquanto cidadãos. Neste sentido procurou-se: 1) constatar que tipo de disposições de habitus políticos a maioria dos jovens pesquisados possuía, classificando-os a partir das categorias cidadão passivo; sujeito à intervenção e sanção de uma ordem político-jurídica que lhe atribui deveres e direitos, mas que não são exercidos, nem questionados, e/ou cidadão ativo; que incorpora em suas disposições a vontade de participação nas esferas públicas de poder, reivindicando direitos e inserindo-se nas relações sociais transformando-as; 2) analisar a ONG a partir de sua história, missão, ações, objetivos, relações institucionais etc, procurando desvendar sua proposta em termos de socialização política dos jovens; 3) examinar a prática educativa desta instituição a partir do conteúdo abordado, das estratégias/ metodologias utilizadas, dos sujeitos envolvidos e do tipo de relação estabelecida entre eles, buscando comparar esta prática com o discurso da organização; e, por fim, 4) comparar o tipo de disposições de habitus políticos dos jovens pesquisados com o tipo de cidadão que a instituição se propõe a formar, para entender a) as potencialidades e limites do poder de socialização política da ONG sobre os jovens e, finalmente, b) que tipo de cidadão ela contribui para formar efetivamente. A pesquisa de campo se deteve em torno de documentos institucionais, da observação de campo, de entrevistas e do desenvolvimento de uma atividade de dramatização com alguns jovens alunos da ONG. Foi possível verificar que a contribuição da ONG no processo socialização política dos jovens é marcada por uma série de contradições, contribuindo de forma tímida, mas efetiva, para que alguns jovens constituam-se como cidadãos que mesclam características ativas e passivas em suas formas de ser, pensar e agir politicamente no mundo. / The objective of the present work is to analyze a proposal of practical social-educative of a NGO called Foundation EPROCAD, being searched to verify the potentialities and limits of its socializadoras strategies for the constitution of the forms of being, thinking and to act of young of the popular class while citizens. In this direction it was looked: 1) to evidence that type of politicians disposals of habitus the majority of the searched young heaved, classifying them from the categories passive citizen; subject to the intervention and sanction of a politician-legal order that attributes to duties and rights to it, but that they are not exerted, nor questioned, and/or active citizen; that it incorporates in its disposals the will of participation in the public spheres of being able, demanding right and inserting themselves in the social relations transforming them; 2) to analyze the NGO from its history, mission, actions, objectives, institucional relations etc, looking for to unmask its proposal in terms of politics socialization of the young; 3) to examine the educative practical of this institution from the boarded content, the strategies and methodologies used, the involved citizens and the type of relation established between them, searching to compare this practical with the speech of the organization; e, finally, 4) to compare the type of politicians disposals of habitus of the young searched with the type of citizen who the institution if considers to form, to understand a) the potentialities and limits of the NGO power of politics socialization on the young and, finally, b) what type of citizen it contributes to form effectively. The field research if withheld around institucional documents, field observation, interviews and the development of an activity of dramatization with some young pupils of the NGO. It was possible to verify that the contribution of the NGO in the process of politics socialization of the young is marked by a series of contradictions, contributing of form shy, but effective, so that some young consists as citizens who mix active and passive characteristic in its forms of being, thinking and to act politically in the world.
226

Um outro mundo é possível: a técnica do consenso na rede do Fórum Social Mundial / An another world is possible: the technique of consensus in the network of the World Social Forum

Gomes, Marcel de Souza 19 February 2009 (has links)
Esta dissertação de mestrado analisa o Fórum Social Mundial, uma das maiores articulações promovidas por organizações da sociedade civil, a partir de desenvolvimentos recentes da teoria de movimentos sociais acerca de redes e identidade coletiva no plano transnacional. Emprega também a técnica da Análise de Rede Social para verificar as relações de poder dentro do Conselho Internacional do Fórum, seu órgão mais representativo. Os resultados apontam a existência de um núcleo duro à frente do processo de articulação, que mantém uma série de regras de conduta e metodologia de trabalho para mediar os conflitos internos e evitar a desagregação do grupo. Indicam também que grupos mais antigos, de estrutura tradicional, como organizações não-governamentais e movimentos sociais de base, são mais influentes no Fórum do que redes e coalizões surgidas mais recentemente na onda de contestações à chamada globalização neoliberal. Essa conclusão polemiza com leituras da realidade que apontam as redes e coalizões como os novos movimentos sociais da contemporaneidade. / This research analyzes the World Social Forum one of the more important networks promoted by civil society organizations using recent developments of the theory of social movements on network and collective identity in the transnational space. It also uses Social Network Analysis to verify the power relations inside of the International Council of the Forum, its more representative department. The results point the existence of a powerful nucleus that keeps rules of behavior and some methodologies to mediate internal conflicts and to prevent the disaggregation of the group. They also indicate that old entities with more traditional structures, as nongovernmental organizations and grassroots movements, are more influential in the Forum than coalitions or other kinds of networks who emerge more recently in protests against neoliberal globalization. This conclusion polemizes with some studies that point coalitions as the strongest social movements of contemporaneity.
227

Limites do consenso: territórios polissêmicos na Mata Atlântica e a gestão ambiental participativa / Limits of consensus: polysemic territories in Atlantic Forest and the participatory environmental management

Rodrigues, Carmem Lucia 30 July 2001 (has links)
A perspectiva discursiva nos ensina que não há uma verdade única, objetiva e monolítica a respeito da relação cultura/espaço. Até hoje, poucas são as informações divulgadas a respeito de saberes e ideais de uso do espaço de povos tradicionais que vivem nas Unidades de Conservação (UCs) da Mata Atlântica - como é o caso dos caiçaras, quilombolas e de determinadas etnias indígenas. Essa lacuna leva-me a questionar o sentido do \"caráter participativo\" atribuído aos planos de manejo e de gestão ambiental conduzidos pela Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo no âmbito do Projeto de Preservação da Mata Atlântica (PPMA). Até hoje, é o imaginário de um grupo específico de profissionais - a maioria formada nas ciências naturais - que tem se expressado e, ao mesmo tempo, orientado a grande maioria dos programas de proteção da natureza no Brasil, desconsiderando-se saberes e práticas locais. Contudo, será que não haveria outro caminho possível? A compreensão das relações dos moradores locais com o meio onde vivem - seu lugar - é fundamental para apontar pressupostos de um ordenamento territorial, efetivamente participativo. O diagnóstico e o planejamento ambiental não devem se restringir ao ponto de vista meramente instrumental. Assim, este trabalho ressalta a importância de se considerar o \"conhecimento tradicional\" quando da elaboração de planos de gestão ambiental das áreas protegidas, bem como os aspectos que fazem parte de uma dimensão mais subjetiva do ser humano nesse processo coletivo. / A discursive perspective teaches us that there is no one, objective, monolithic truth about culture/space relationships. Little is the information so far divulged about knowledge and ideals of the use of space for traditional inhabitants who live at protected areas - such as the caiçaras, quilombolas and other indigenous groups. This gap leads me to me question about the real participatory character attributed to the environmental management and administration plans led by \"Secretaria do Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo\" (São Paulo State Environment Bureau) in the ambit of \"Projeto de Preservação da Mata Atlântica\"(Atlantic Rainforest Preservation Project). So far, the imaginary of a specific group of professionals - mostly majored in Natural Sciences - has been the one that has expressed itself and guides most of the nature protection programs, disregarding the local knowledge and know how. However, wouldn\'t there be any other possible way? The comprehension of the relationship between the local inhabitants and the environment where they live - their place - is fundamental for pointing the presupposition of an effectively participatory territory management . The diagnosis and the environmental planning shall not be limited by the instrumental point of view. This way, the present work highlights the importance of regarding the \"traditional knowledge\" for the environmental and protected areas management, besides taking into account aspects that are part of a rather subjective dimension of the human being in this collective process
228

Inglês escola (a)fora: representações de professor, aluno e língua estrangeira em uma ONG para o ensino de língua inglesa / English outside school: representations of teacher, student and foreign language in an NGO for the teaching of English.

Juliana de Melo Corrêa 25 February 2011 (has links)
Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar representações de aluno, professor e de língua inglesa presentes nos dizeres de voluntários de uma ONG que promove o ensino de inglês. A leitura de trabalhos sobre o terceiro setor nos mostra que as ONGs surgem para propor soluções a problemas detectados na sociedade. Desse modo, podemos inferir que o discurso sobre o insucesso do ensino de inglês nas escolas regulares está entre os elementos que possibilitaram o surgimento da ONG analisada. O corpus do estudo foi formado pela transcrição da gravação em áudio de entrevistas com oito professores voluntários. Para a análise da materialidade linguística, utilizamos conceitos do quadro teórico da Análise de Discurso, assim como o conceito de identidade discutido na visão dos Estudos Culturais e na perspectiva psicanalítica. A análise da materialidade linguística dos dizeres revelou que houve uma mudança no discurso a respeito do voluntariado em nosso país. Nos anos 70 e 80, essa atividade era pautada principalmente por motivações políticas ou religiosas, focando os assistidos e suas necessidades. Atualmente, os dizeres revelam que o voluntariado é perpassado pela discursividade de Mercado, e que o eu voluntário é o centro das decisões. A análise também nos permitiu observar o uso de metáforas espaciais na representação de aluno como aquele que, devido as suas carências, vive uma realidade diferente da do voluntário. Para encorajar o aluno a quebrar as barreiras que limitam seu espaço, os voluntários reforçam dizeres que defendem a possibilidade de sucesso a qualquer pessoa, dependendo de seus esforços. Ao mesmo tempo em que essa atitude pode valorizar a auto-estima dos jovens, ela pode reforçar o conceito de que, caso fracassem na realização de seus objetivos, serão os únicos responsáveis. Em algumas formulações, percebemos que o inglês ensinado pela ONG será oferecido aos alunos como outros itens o são por casas assistenciais. Ou seja, assim como cestas-básicas são oferecidas a famílias que precisam de um mínimo de alimento, a organização oferecerá aos alunos o que acredita ser o mínimo de inglês necessário para que possam sobreviver em um mundo globalizado. Dessa forma, a escola regular e seu professor são representados, pelo não-dito, como aqueles que não fornecem ao menos esse inglês elementar disponibilizado pela organização. Apesar de ser representado como pouco, o inglês ensinado pelos voluntários é caracterizado como suficiente para os jovens atendidos. Não há, nos dizeres analisados, a expectativa de que esses jovens possam, caso desejem, prosseguir seus estudos após o Ensino Médio e ingressar em uma universidade de qualidade. O inglês é representado como o instrumento essencial para que os alunos possam, ao deixar a escola, ingressar no mercado de trabalho, ainda que em posições consideradas menores. A ONG e a escola regular são, portanto, representadas como espaços no quais a língua inglesa não pode ser aprendida de forma bem sucedida. Essas representações reforçam, desse modo, o lugar já estabelecido dos institutos de idiomas como o único capaz de habilitar um estudante a aprender uma língua estrangeira em seu nível comunicativo. / This work aims at analyzing the representations of student, teacher and English found in the utterances of volunteers who work in an NGO that offers English classes to young people also studying at state schools. Articles about the Third Sector argue! that NGOs are created to propose solutions for societys problems. Thus, one can infer that the discourse about the failure of the English teaching in state schools is one of the elements that motivated the creation of this particular NGO. The corpus of analysis was collected from eight audiotaped and transcribed interviews with voluntary teachers. As to the analysis of the corpus linguistic materiality, we have relied on Discourse Analysis perspective, also focusing on the concept of identity as approached by Cultural Studies and Psychoanalysis. Through the analysis of the interviews we could notice that the concept of voluntary work has changed in Brazil. In the 70s and 80s, this activity was carried out based on political or religious reasons and geared towards the people being helped and their needs. Nowadays, what is said about voluntary work is influenced by the Market Discourse, and places the volunteer in the center of decisions. The analysis also revealed the use of metaphors of space to represent the students as people who, due to their lack of certain elements, live a reality different from that of the volunteer. In order to encourage students to break down the barriers that limit their space, the volunteers assert that anyone can achieve success, depending on their efforts. This attitude can boost students self-esteem, but it can also reinforce the idea that when one fails, he or she is the only one to blame. In some utterances, we can notice that the English taught in the NGO is offered to students as other items are offered by charities. The same way food vouchers are provided to families that lack the minimum food they need, this NGO will provide students with what they believe is the minimum English necessary for them in a globalized world. Therefore, state school and the teachers who work there are represented, through the non-said, as those who do not provide students with at least the minimum English they are supposed to find in the NGO. Although it is represented as little, the English taught by the volunteers is qualified as enough for the teenagers who are students in the NGO. In the utterances analyzed we could not identify expectations that these students, in case they want to, will be able to continue studying after High School and be part of a renown University. The English language is represented as the essential instrument for students to leave school and start working, even if it is in a position considered inferior. The NGO and the state schools are, therefore, represented as places where the English language cannot be learned successfully. This way, these representations reinforce the established position of Language Schools as the only institution able to make a student learn a foreign language in its communicative level.
229

ONGs e escolas públicas básicas: os pontos de vista de docentes e \"educadores(as) sociais\" / NGOs and basic public schools : the point of view of teachers and \"social educators\"

Silva, Daniel Monteiro da 04 November 2010 (has links)
Considerando as organizações não-governamentais (ONGs) que realizam atividades educacionais paralelas ou complementares à escola pública na cidade de São Paulo, esta pesquisa se orientou pelo seguinte problema: qual é a contribuição mútua de ONGs e escolas públicas básicas quanto à definição de programas educacionais? Examina a hipótese de que existe uma tal contribuição, levando em conta que ao pretenderem contribuir com as escolas, algumas ONGs, na formulação de seus programas e projetos, estimulam estudantes a frequentar escolas, mas invalidam as ações por estas realizadas. Tais procedimentos tem contribuído para suscitar oposições entre ONGs e escolas públicas, traduzidas, por exemplo, nas atitudes de estudantes que demonstram interesse, comprometimento e engajamento nas ONGs e apatia, desmotivação e extrema aversão à escola. A falta de uma legislação específica, a ausência de estatísticas oficiais, os discursos sem fundamentação e a pouca visibilidade dos atores que efetivam a parceria entre ONG e escola ocultam o estado deste relacionamento. A partir de levantamento preliminar de ONGs conveniadas à Secretaria Estadual de Assistência e Desenvolvimento Social de São Paulo (SEADS), foram identificados(as) e entrevistados(as) educadores e educadoras de ONGs que atuam simultaneamente como docentes de escolas públicas. Nos depoimentos recolhidos, constataram-se divergências quanto à efetiva contribuição das escolas públicas para com as ONGs, por outro lado, todas as pessoas participantes da pesquisa como informantes concordaram com o fato de as ONGs contribuírem com as escolas. Concluiuse que a contribuição mútua observada revelou-se tênue, porque não se refere aos mesmos aspectos, e indireta, uma vez que, na maioria dos casos, são os educadores e educadoras que possibilitaram a contribuição propriamente dita e não as instituições. Os resultados obtidos reproduzem o dissenso quanto ao papel desempenhado pelo terceiro setor no âmbito das políticas sociais, especialmente na área educacional. / Facing the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) that offer educational activities similar to the ones offered by public schools in São Paulo city, this research was guided by the following problem: what is the mutual contribution of NGOs and basic public schools concerning the education programs? Examines the hypothesis that there is such a contribution, taking into account that wish to contribute to the schools, some NGOs in the formulation of their programs and projects, stimulates students to attend schools, but invalidate all the actions accomplished by them. That behavior has contribute to raise oppositions among the NGO and the basic public schools, justified for example, by the students attitudes that bring commitment, interests and participation at the NGO programs, on the other hand, lethargy, lack of incentive and extreme aversion of school. The lack of specific laws, the absence of official statistics, speeches without giving reasons and the lack of visibility from the player who work with the NGO and schools partnership, disguise the situation of this relationship. From preliminary survey of NGO´s agreement to the State Department of Social Welfare and Development of São Paulo (SEADS) were identified and interview educators of NGOs that act simultaneously as public school teachers. On their declarations, there were differences regarding the effective contribution to public schools and NGOs, on the other hand, all survey people participants as informants agreed with the fact that NGOs contribute to the schools. It was concluded that the observed mutual contribution has proved tenuous, because it does not refer to the same things, and indirectly, at the same time, in the majority of the cases, are educators who properly make possible this contribution and not the institutions. The results reproduce the dissent about the role played by the third sector in the scope of the social politics, especially in the educational area.
230

Inglês em ONGs: entre o fracasso e a possibilidade

Fernandes, Paula Telles da Costa 16 September 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2016-12-01T12:12:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Telles da Costa Fernandes.pdf: 2698687 bytes, checksum: 46540864ba0c8122b51a2edb0a0b3b8e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-01T12:12:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paula Telles da Costa Fernandes.pdf: 2698687 bytes, checksum: 46540864ba0c8122b51a2edb0a0b3b8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-16 / This doctoral dissertation provides a study on the reasons why two non-governmental English as a Foreign Language (EFL) courses in São Paulo failed to be successful. Empirical data for this study were provided by NGOs in two different neighborhoods in São Paulo – Morumbi and Alto de Pinheiros. The stated mission of both NGOs is to complement the education of underprivileged children and teenagers with out-of-school two-year-long EFL courses. The study on these courses started in March 2013 and was scheduled to end in November 2014. At the Morumbi NGO twelve students started the course, but none completed it. At the Alto de Pinheiros NGO only two out of thirteen students completed the course. This study explores the reasons why these courses were not successful as it reviews not only the NGOs’ proposals, but also discursive and institutional issues that led to students dropping out of the courses. The approach taken by such NGOs to enroll and take action on students is believed to be reason why most teenagers will never complete their EFL course. Despite such failure, data analysis and interpretation has shown that even students who dropped the course had a positive experience both in the learning/teaching field and interpersonal relationships that stemmed from the learning environment. Besides, the two teenagers who actually completed the EFL course showed progress in their English proficiency. Essential to the theoretical ground of this study is the concept of school failure by Patto (2010) and Charlot (2000). This doctoral dissertation is a cross-disciplinary study in Applied Linguistics. References were found in the fields of Law, Psychology, Education, and Sociology, as well as Bakthin’s theories on dialogical perspectives. In order to reach the aims of this study, two questions were posed as follows: 1 Considering the NGOs’ proposals and objectives while teaching/learning EFL: a) What discourses are found in such proposals and objectives? b) To what extent have these objectives been achieved? 2 Considering the NGOs’ participants, what do their enunciation approaches show about: a) the NGOs’ EFL learner as a subject? b) EFL teaching/learning? c) their ideological perspectives? This ethnographic study yielded data along two years and two months. The corpus is comprised by information gathered on the NGOs’ official websites and Facebook pages, and also semi-structured interviews with NGO coordinators, instructors and students. This research aims to add to the debate about the role played by educational NGOs in Brazil and how important EFL teaching is to underprivileged children and teenagers / Esta tese tem por objetivo investigar a construção do fracasso de dois cursos de inglês como língua estrangeira em organizações não governamentais situadas no município de São Paulo. As ONGs que constituíram o campo empírico desta investigação situam-se em locais distintos da cidade: uma no bairro do Morumbi e outra no Alto de Pinheiros. Ambas têm como missão a educação complementar de crianças e adolescentes de baixa renda fora do período escolar e oferecem cursos de inglês com duração de dois anos. Os cursos investigados iniciaram-se em março de 2013 com término previsto para novembro de 2014. Na ONG situada no bairro do Morumbi, doze alunos iniciaram o curso e nenhum deles o terminou. Na ONG situada no Alto de Pinheiros, treze alunos iniciaram o curso e dois o concluíram. Este estudo pretende analisar a construção do fracasso e considera, de um lado, as propostas das organizações e, de outro, os aspectos discursivos e institucionais e que favorecem a exclusão dos alunos. Acredita-se que a forma pela qual as organizações recebem esses alunos e exercem ação sobre eles acaba por excluir a maior parte dos adolescentes que ingressa em tais cursos de inglês. Apesar do fracasso, a análise e a interpretação dos dados apontam que até mesmo os alunos que não terminaram o curso vivenciaram-no de forma positiva, seja do ponto de vista do ensino-aprendizagem, seja das relações humanas construídas nesses espaços. Pode-se afirmar também que os dois adolescentes que terminaram o curso demonstraram progresso no idioma. O quadro teórico utilizado baseia-se no conceito de fracasso escolar proposto por Patto (2010) e Charlot (2000). Este estudo insere-se na área de Linguística Aplicada e tem natureza transdisciplinar. Está centrado em trabalhos desenvolvidos no campo do Direito, da Psicologia, da Educação e da Sociologia e na teoria bakhtiniana a partir da perspectiva dialógica. Para alcançar o objetivo proposto, elaboraram-se as seguintes perguntas de pesquisa: 1 Em relação às propostas e aos objetivos estabelecidos pelas ONGs no que diz respeito ao ensino-aprendizagem de inglês como língua estrangeira: a) quais são os discursos presentes nessas propostas e objetivos? b) em que medida esses objetivos são alcançados? 2 Em relação aos participantes de pesquisa, o que os posicionamentos enunciativos revelam sobre: a) o sujeito-aprendiz de inglês das ONGs? b) o ensino-aprendizagem de inglês? c) suas perspectivas ideológicas? A geração de dados deste estudo de caso etnográfico ocorreu ao longo de dois anos e dois meses. O corpus é constituído de informações retiradas dos sites oficiais das ONGs e da rede social Facebook bem como de entrevistas semiestruturadas com os coordenadores das organizações, seus professores e alunos. A pesquisa pretende contribuir para a reflexão sobre o papel das ONGs que atuam na área educacional em nosso país e sobre a importância do ensino-aprendizagem do inglês para crianças e adolescentes de baixa renda

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