Migration and its consequences are often discussed in contemporary postcolonial discussions. This topic of migration is central in Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s Americanah. Adichie’s portrayal of the migrating subject has placed her in the center of the Afropolitan discussion about transnational Africans and their right to represent. This essay aims to bring this discussion to light. Furthermore, with the use of Benedict Anderson’s ideas of nations as imagined communities, Edward Said’s definition of Orientalism, and Homi K. Bhabha’s concept of mimicry, this essay intends to illuminate the colonial discourse of Americanah’s America. I argue that the novel’s protagonist Ifemelu’s migration to the land of the free is bordered by remnants of colonial discourse, placing her within a western array of marginalization. As Ifemelu struggles with issues connected to her migration into a culture that marginalizes and discriminates under the proud flag of “the American Dream,” she is forced to resort to mimicry of western traits, to get access to western privilege. I contend that the mimicry of western traits consequently reduces her presence in America to partial.

No século XIX, a consolidação do mundo burguês fez surgir uma nova idéia de masculinidade. Esse homem moderno deveria ser capaz de promover regeneração nacional, por meio do progresso econômico, social e cultural. Em Portugal, nesse período, o fenômeno da emigração é uma perturbadora realidade que marca a produção ficcional de Camilo Castelo Branco. Seus personagens brasileiros torna-viagem - portugueses que retorna ao país após emigrar para o Brasil- aglutinam características do homem burguês e moderno. Para demonstrar essa hipótese, foram analisadas as obras Eusébio Macário, A corja, O cego de Landim e Os brilhantes do brasileiro, sob a ótica dos estudos acerca da masculinidade de George Mosse e Pierre Bourdieu e do conceito de fomentador, proposto por Marshall Berman em sua análise de Fausto de Goethe. / In the nineteenth century a new concept of manhood rose from the consolidation of the bourgeois world. This modern man was supposed to encourage national regeneration through financial, social and cultural progress. During this time, in Portugal, emigration started to come out as a disturbing reality, which is a relevant characteristic in the works of Camilo Castelo Branco, where Portuguese characters who had returned from Brazil the torna-viagem- embody features of both the bourgeois and modern man. This paper aims at proving this hypothesis true based on the analysis of Eusébio Macário, A Corja, O Cego de Landim and Os Brilhantes do Brasileiro, theoretical support from the manhood studies perspectives proposed by George Mosse and Pierre Bourdieu and the concept of developer from Marshal Berman\'s examination of Goethe\'s Faust.

Crowdfunding is a growing form of start-up funding and is estimated to turn over 5.1 billion USD in the future (Teigland & Ingram, 2013). This may not be a big part of the global economy but still very important, because this capital helps start-up ventures to emerge and help them to evolve in a way they could not if it was not for crowdfunding. The findings of this paper deduces that nationality does not have an impact on the transactions decision of Swedish crowdfunders. Support for other hypothesis are also found, which could be helpful for future research about how crowdfunders transaction decisions is influenced.

Magister Legum - LLM / Stateless children and those at risk of becoming stateless has been an ongoing issue both on a domestic level as well as internationally. In many African countries children face discriminatory and arbitrary nationality laws as a result of which they are not registered and granted citizenship in their country of birth or where they are found or undocumented. Thus, children continue to be stateless and will not be able to register their own children once they become parents. As a result, this creates an issue of transgenerational statelessness which will continue indefinitely and as such, requires attention and action both on a domestic and international level as a matter of urgency. While laws have been enacted in the aim to protect stateless children or children at risk of becoming stateless, the lack of guidelines in the implementation thereof creates a difficulty for children to acquire a nationality. States in this regard have the responsibility to create mechanisms to facilitate the implementation of laws especially when dealing with vulnerable groups such as stateless children.

Foi realizada pesquisa qualitativa que trata da atuação de imigrantes no Conselho Participativo Municipal de São Paulo, refletindo sobre participação política de migrantes internacionais a luz de uma problemática que revela algumas das limitações da congruência construída entre nacionalidade e cidadania. O estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de analisar a atuação dos conselheiros imigrantes no Conselho Participativo Municipal, procurando compreender como se articulam termos como cidadania e nacionalidade, a partir da experiência inédita na qual imigrantes puderam tomar parte, como votantes e votados, em uma eleição no Brasil. A construção teórica se apoia especialmente na literatura sobre cidadania e nacionalidade no contexto do Estado-nação, cidadania e migrações internacionais e em estudos sobre conselhos participativos. O principal instrumento utilizado foi a entrevista semiestruturada. Foram entrevistados nove conselheiros municipais imigrantes. As entrevistas foram analisadas com uso de mapas dialógicos, organizados em categorias analíticas, que possibilitaram delinear os sentidos da participação no Conselho. As categorias levantadas foram: Experiência no Conselho Participativo Municipal, Vidas em movimento e Cidadania migrante. Os resultados evidenciam as consequências simbólicas e práticas da ausência do direito ao voto e as perspectivas dos imigrantes sobre a experiência no Conselho, participação política e cidadania / The qualitative study about immigrants in the Municipal Participatory Council of São Paulo debates political participation of international immigrants revealing some of the limitations of the congruence built between nationality and citizenship. The study was developed proposing the analysis of immigrant councilors participation the Municipal Participatory Council, seeking to understand how terms such as citizenship and nationality are articulated, based on the unprecedented experience in which immigrants took part, as voters and candidates, in an election in Brazil. The theoretical construction relies especially on the literature on citizenship and nationality in the context of the nation-state, citizenship and international migrations and in studies on participatory councils. The main instrument was the semi-structured interview. Nine immigrants councilors were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed using dialogical maps, organized in analytical categories that allowed to delineate the meanings of the participation in the Council. The categories were: Experience in the Municipal Participatory Council, Lives in Movement and Migrant Citizenship. The results show the symbolic and practical consequences of the absence of the right to vote and the perspectives of the immigrants on the experience in the Council, political participation and citizenship

Notre thèse porte sur l’acquisition et la perte de la nationalité française entre 1804 et 1927.Pendant cette période, aussi bien l’acquisition que la perte de la nationalité française ont subi l’influence des impératifs politiques, économiques et sociologiques de l’époque.D’une part, s’agissant de l’acquisition de la nationalité française deux critères ont été retenus par les différents auteurs pour octroyer la qualité de Français. Selon eux, seuls le jus sanguinis ou le jus soli permettait d’acquérir la nationalité française. Or, force est de constater qu’il n’en est rien. En effet, nous avons pu établir à travers l’étude des travaux préparatoires du Code civil qu’un troisième critère prenant en compte les qualités essentielles c'est-à-dire l’assimilation des moeurs, des usages, des habitudes et de la culture française, était à l’origine d’un grand nombre d’acquisition de la nationalité française.D’autre part, ces mêmes impératifs ont déterminé avec plus ou moins de sévérité les conditions de perte de la nationalité française.Dès lors, la définition de la nationalité est française est éphémère.Par conséquent, il est difficile de déterminer avec précision ce qu’est un Français. / Our thesis concerns the acquisition and the loss of the French nationality between 1804 and 1927.During this period, as well the acquisition as the loss of the French nationality were subjet to the the influence of the political, economic and sociological imperatives of time.On the one hand, as regards the acquisition of the French nationality two criteria were retained by the various authors to grant the quality of French. According to them, only the jus sanguinis or the jus soli allowed to acquire the French nationality. However, we have to admit that it is nothing. Indeed, we were able to establish through the preparatory work study of the Civil code that a third criterion taking into account the essential qualities that is the assimilation of the customs, the manners, the habits and the French culture, was at the origin of a large number of acquisition of the French nationality.On the other hand, these same imperatives determined with more or less of severity the conditions of loss of French nationality.Consequently, it is difficult to determine with precision what is a French.

This thesis tries to provide valuable insight and explain the role of identity perceptions on security as a means to avert conflicts and security threats. The aim is to provide an identity based explanation to security problems. Constructivism and „social identity theory‟ are its theoretical points of departure which help us understand how we construct social identities and have the tendency to be prejudicial towards others. Our prejudices and negative identity perceptions play a major role in security issues. We will use process tracing to find how identity perceptions are constructed and how they affect security. More explicitly we will trace the process of how identities were affected by historical events as well as the ethnocentric interpretation of these historical events. For thorough analysis, Bosnia, Kosovo and Macedonia are chosen as case studies. The findings will hopefully propose better solutions to security problems and built knowledge applicable to other similar security threats.

Previous work found evidence that the racial composition of NBA teams was positively correlated with the racial composition of their metropolitan market areas during the 1990s. This paper finds continued evidence of this relationship in the 2000s, with an accompanying attendance boost from the incorporation of white players on teams located in whiter areas. There is also evidence that white players receive a salary premium relative to black players of equal performance quality. An examination of player performance indicates that demand for foreign players with the skill set of a forward or center is higher than demand for players of equal quality from the U.S. However, an analysis of salary discrimination related to foreign players produced no conclusive evidence.

In the nineteen nineties, former Yugoslavia, went through a series of interstitial disputes, both religious and political, which evolved into hatred amongst its own people and ultimately into an unforgiving civil war. Rising demonstrations of the groups with different religious and cultural views within the country’s boundaries amalgamated into a war which divided the state into separate countries and left many cities and villages in despair, economic desolation and poverty. Although some have been directly affected by the physical casualties of war, others have suffered indirectly. One of the villages affected is Ruski Kerestur, found in the Republic of Serbia where more than ninety percent of the residents are non-Serbian. Many of its people fled the country due to political and economic uncertainties. This minority group is of the Carpatho-Rusyn decent which are the heart and soul of the village. Inspired by personal motive and desire to heal communities in distress, this thesis presents an opportunity to reconcile Carpatho-Rusyn people from the social diaspora in attempt to reclaim their national identity and give them the courage to persist on and continue the cultural legacy that has been nurtured for generations. Leaning on the speculation that ‘a spirit in people and belief in the future comes from the very foundation of a building’; it utilizes an architectural intervention as basis to conceive a quintessential communal space that redefines social and practical functions necessary for cultivating Rusyn traditions, ethics and domestic values. To develop an understanding of their public realm, the thesis dips into the crevices of time searching for Carpatho-Rusyn progress of development and migratory movement from their homeland in the Carpathian Mountains to the present day conditions. It tends to explore the idea of ‘adaptation’, the ideology that defines an architectural type through the process of transformation and negotiation of a community and its direct effect on public space, urban system and architectonic form. These theories will become a kernel for producing a useful and meaningful civic landmark that will strengthen the spirit of people giving hope and new life to the wounded village. The new ‘living monument’, Carpatho-Rusyn Art Gallery and Reconciliation Centre, presents a new gateway for Ruski Kerestur and its people into the healthy future shedding light on their moral values which were tamed for centuries by wars, ethnic cleansing and inexorable conviction of their non existence. The design proposal reintroduces a Rusyn way to the world and echoes the emotion of pride which permeates every Rusyn soul.

In the nineteen nineties, former Yugoslavia, went through a series of interstitial disputes, both religious and political, which evolved into hatred amongst its own people and ultimately into an unforgiving civil war. Rising demonstrations of the groups with different religious and cultural views within the country’s boundaries amalgamated into a war which divided the state into separate countries and left many cities and villages in despair, economic desolation and poverty. Although some have been directly affected by the physical casualties of war, others have suffered indirectly. One of the villages affected is Ruski Kerestur, found in the Republic of Serbia where more than ninety percent of the residents are non-Serbian. Many of its people fled the country due to political and economic uncertainties. This minority group is of the Carpatho-Rusyn decent which are the heart and soul of the village. Inspired by personal motive and desire to heal communities in distress, this thesis presents an opportunity to reconcile Carpatho-Rusyn people from the social diaspora in attempt to reclaim their national identity and give them the courage to persist on and continue the cultural legacy that has been nurtured for generations. Leaning on the speculation that ‘a spirit in people and belief in the future comes from the very foundation of a building’; it utilizes an architectural intervention as basis to conceive a quintessential communal space that redefines social and practical functions necessary for cultivating Rusyn traditions, ethics and domestic values. To develop an understanding of their public realm, the thesis dips into the crevices of time searching for Carpatho-Rusyn progress of development and migratory movement from their homeland in the Carpathian Mountains to the present day conditions. It tends to explore the idea of ‘adaptation’, the ideology that defines an architectural type through the process of transformation and negotiation of a community and its direct effect on public space, urban system and architectonic form. These theories will become a kernel for producing a useful and meaningful civic landmark that will strengthen the spirit of people giving hope and new life to the wounded village. The new ‘living monument’, Carpatho-Rusyn Art Gallery and Reconciliation Centre, presents a new gateway for Ruski Kerestur and its people into the healthy future shedding light on their moral values which were tamed for centuries by wars, ethnic cleansing and inexorable conviction of their non existence. The design proposal reintroduces a Rusyn way to the world and echoes the emotion of pride which permeates every Rusyn soul.