Over the last three decades, Oman has emerged as a center of political and economic stability in the Arab world, a stability which is an essential ingredient for any country to develop and flourish. Whereas democracy and public freedoms are at the core of stability in other parts of the world, the case in Oman is different. It is not a democratic state and it did not adopt the modern concepts of human rights and public freedoms into its legal-political system until 1996 when the Basic Statute of the State was promulgated. The purpose of this study is to provide a general view of the current status of Human Rights under the Omani Basic Statute of the State with a specific focus on some civil and political rights. It illustrates the situation of human rights by assessing the implementation of the constitutional and legal safeguards into practice and finding out what hinders them. It aims to evaluate the importance of the constitution in Oman, and the extent to which it has succeeded in incorporating international human rights’ standards while walking the tightrope of reconciling this with core traditional social customs and Islamic values. It analyses the compatibility of constitutional and national laws and practice with international human rights standards and assesses current trends and policies. Three case studies for different rights and freedoms are conducted to explore the guarantees and weaknesses of different rights in practice. These are the areas of nationality 'as individual right' which is very important under the Oman system as it is the direct link to enjoyment of other rights and freedoms. The Shura is the second case study as a political right or a collective right which represents public participation in Oman. Finally, the Freedom of Association, as an example for the freedom of expression and opinion, which represents individual and group rights together. This research evaluation analyses in detail the developments since the promulgation of the Basic Statute in December 1996 but stretches to encompass developments till the developments to the end of July 2011.

Orientador: Edgar Salvadori De Decca / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T23:49:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oliveira_MarcelaMarrafonde_M.pdf: 5918208 bytes, checksum: b7173edefb34edf72752927ea8fe2f36 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Résumé: Cette dissertation analyse comment la nationalité brésilienne a été représentée à travers des images- textueles, iconographiques et monumentales- des fleuves. La nature, surtout la nature tropicale, a été associée à l¿identité nationale, spécialement à partir du Romantisme. Avec ce présupposé, des oeuvres classiques des auteurs brésiliens renommés, comme O Guarani, de José de Alencar; Capítulos de História Colonial, de Capistrano de Abreu; et Relatos monçoeiros, de Affonso Taunay, ont été choisis comme sources d¿analyse pour ce travail. Le ¿territoire de la mémoire¿ de la nation à travers des fleuves se développe dans ces oeuvres, originant de fortes images textuelles, mais il acquérit plus de vivacité par le moyen du monument aux fleuves, qui a été erige dans le grand escalier du Musée Paulista, à l¿époque où Affonso Taunay l¿a dirigé. Outre la construction des amphores avec des eaux de principaux fleuves brésiliens, Taunay a conçu une salle dans le Musée Paulista où le fleuve Tietê figure comme protagoniste dans les tableaux qui enregistrent les épisodes des ¿monções¿. L¿élection de certains fleuves par les auteurs transmet aussi la manière dont ils ont compris la nationalité, qui est comprise dans cette recherche comme une construction affirmée, contestée et reformulée le long du temps, depuis son invention / Resumo: Esta dissertação analisa como a nacionalidade brasileira foi representada através das imagens- textuais, iconográficas e monumentais- dos rios. A natureza, sobretudo a natureza tropical, foi associada à identidade nacional, especialmente a partir do Romantismo. Com este pressuposto, elegeu-se como fontes de análise para este trabalho, obras clássicas de renomados autores brasileiros, como O Guarani, de José de Alencar; Capítulos de História Colonial, de Capistrano de Abreu; e Relatos monçoeiros, de Affonso Taunay. O ¿território da memória¿ da nação através dos rios desenvolve-se nestas obras, originando fortes imagens textuais, porém adquire maior vivacidade por meio do monumento aos rios, erigido na escadaria do Museu Paulista, à época da direção de Affonso Taunay. Além da construção de ânforas com águas dos principais rios brasileiros, Taunay concebeu uma sala no Museu Paulista em que o rio Tietê figura como protagonista em telas que registram episódios das monções. A eleição de determinados rios pelos autores reflete também a forma como entenderam a nacionalidade, que é compreendida, nesta pesquisa, como uma construção afirmada, contestada e reformulada ao longo do tempo, desde sua invenção / Mestrado / Politica, Memoria e Cidade / Mestre em História

La littérature scientifique associe communément l’idéologie à la construction d’un groupe, d’une société, d’un régime. Ici, il s’agit d’expliquer comment une idéologie, projetant de bâtir une Yougoslavie communiste et indépendante, cause la chute du régime et la dislocation de la fédération yougoslave. Un examen minutieux de la doctrine ainsi que de la pratique politique issues de l’idéologie yougoslaviste met en exergue les contradictions à l’origine de l’échec yougoslave. Reconsidérer l’autonomie des acteurs politiques et de leurs idées offre de rendre pleinement intelligible l’impasse du modèle yougoslave. / In the scientific literature, ideology is traditionally studied in relation to the structuration of a group, a society, or a regime. This thesis aims to explain how an ideology, here dedicated to the building of an independent communist Yugoslavia, was on the contrary responsible for the breakdown of the regime and for the dislocation of the Yugoslav federation. A detailed study of the doctrine and political practice derived from the Yugoslavist ideology highlights the contradictions that were to lead to the failure of the Yugoslav model. To reconsider the autonomy of the political actors and their ideas enables to make fully intelligible the stalemate of the yugoslav model.

Notre recherche doctorale se propose comme objectif d’éclaircir comment s’est développé et structuré le discours identitaire aroumain-roumain (à savoir, celui qui conçoit les aroumains en tant que membres du peuple roumain), dés ses origines à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, jusqu’à l’indépendance roumaine, en 1878.Le discours identitare qui nous préoccupe a ses origines dans les écrits de Teodor Anastasie Cavalioti (1770) et de Daniel le Moscopolitain (1794). Les propos communiqués par Constantin Hagi Gehani à Johann Thunmann donnent au discours identitaire aroumain-roumain la première formulation explicite nous ayant parvenu (1773). Ces propos sont repris et développés dans les ouvrages de Constantin Ucuta (1797), Gheorghe Constantin Roja (1808, 1809) et Mihail Boiagi (1813). Les récits de voyage des voyageurs étrangers ayant traversé les Balkans entre 1800 et 1860 nous révèlent que le discours identitaire aroumain-roumain représente une reconfiguration de l’ethnicité aroumaine, oeuvrée de sorte à mettre cette ethnicité en convergence multisymbolique avec la nationalité roumaine des Daco-Roumains Nord-danubiens. Les revolutionnaires Nord-danubiens de 1848 prennent le discours en question à leur propre compte. Ils conçoivent un plan d’action politique à entreprendre aux Balkans au nom des idées soutenues par ce discours identitaire. Le plan est mis en œuvre par les agents du mouvement aroumain-roumain qui prend son essor en Roumanie après 1859 ; le mouvement emporte son premier succès important en 1878, avec le décret de Savfet Pacha – un document qui institue l’assimilation de l’ethnicité aroumaine – ayant déjà été modelée par le discours aroumain-roumain – à la nationalité roumaine. / Our doctoral research sets out to clarify how the aromanian-romanian identitary discourse (namely, the one which conceives the Aromanians as members of the Romanian people) has been developed and structured since its origins at the end of the XVIIIth century, until Romanian independence, in 1878.The identitary discourse which concerns us has its origins in the writings of Teodor Anastasie Cavalioti (1770) and Daniel the Moscopolitan (1794). The points conveyed by Constantin Hagi Gehani to Johann Thunmann give to the Aromanian-Romanian identitary discourse its first explicit formulation having reached us (1773). These ideas are taken up and developed in the works of Constantin Ucuta (1797), Gheorghe Constantin Roja (1808, 1809) and Mihail Boiagi (1813). The travel writings of foreign travelers having traversed the Balkans between 1800 and 1860 reveal that the Aromanian-Romanian identitary discourse constitutes a reconfiguration of the Aromanian ethnicity, crafted so as to place this ethnicity in multisymbol congruence with the Romanian nationality of North-Danubian Daco-Romanians. The North-Danubian revolutionaries of 1848 take up the aforementioned discourse. They conceive a plan of political action to be2executed in the Balkans in the name of the ideas upheld by this identitary discourse. The plan is set in motion by the agents of the Aromanian-Romanian movement which takes root in Romania after 1859; the movement registers its first major success in 1878, with the decree of Savfet Pascha – a document which officialises the assimilation of the Aromanian ethnicity – having already been shaped by the Aromanian-Romanian discourse – by the Romanian nationality.

This diploma work deals with the topic of integration of foreigners in the Czech Republic, which is a subject actual across many fields. The aim of this work is to inform about the position of foreigners in Czech society. The thesis is divided into two parts, the theoretical and practical. The first part of the thesis dealing with the theory in the given area strives to include the legislative regulation of general residence permits for foreigners in the Czech Republic, furthermore, the specifics in various areas of everyday life compared to the majority society and of course the integration process itself. This part of the thesis is written on the basis of current Czech legislation, sources from the literature, as well as personal experience from the position of a social worker at the Center for the Support of Integration of Foreigners in Benešov. The practical part is then devoted to qualitative research in the form of narrative interviews with foreigners with diverse origins and the current type of residence permit whose life stories are processed in the form of case studies and then compared in selected areas. During the elaboration of the practical part, the aim was to show the diversity of life stories of foreigners living in the Czech Republic for a long time and thus point out the fact that...

Barbora Chrzová Citizenship Rhetorics in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Enacting Citizenship and Nationality in a Divided Country Abstract: This thesis deals with the rhetorical dimension of citizenship in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The disputed legitimacy of Bosnian statehood, ethnicization of every-day life, and a multilayered citizenship regime which leaves little space for purely civic loyalties to the state, pose an important challenge to the symbolic dimension of Bosnian citizenship. Drawing upon rhetorical approaches to citizenship, this thesis analyses how citizenship was crafted on the discursive level; how various actors formulated the question of 'who is a Bosnian citizen', how their narratives interacted and influenced each other. The thesis specifically focuses on two series of protests, the so-called 'JMBG protests' that took place in June 2013 and the 'Social uprising' which arose in February 2014. The protests challenged the dominant ethno- national framework and represented periods of intensive debates on fundamental questions of citizenship. The analysis has shown that the emptiness of the notion of Bosnian citizenship makes its discursive constructions largely context-dependent and shifting. The boundary between 'the citizens' and 'the elites,' however, appeared as a salient societal cleavage that...

The presented diploma thesis deals with the effects of the Czech-German relict border on the religiosity and the sacral landscape of the city region called Manetin, which consists of the permanent Czech territory and the Nectiny village of German historical origin. The theoretical introduction of this work therefore includes a part dedicated to the topic of borders, introducing different types of borders, focusing particularly on the terms relict and ethnic borders used in the further study. The second part of the theoretical introduction contains the characteristics of the religiosity and the sacral landscape, its evolution on the national level after the Second World War, highlighting the consequent processes related to the exile of the German population after 1945. The research section of the thesis consists of the micro-regional analysis of the reference region. The analysis is based on the field study and semi-structured interviews, which were complemented by the demographic statistics. The main aim of the investigation presented in the thesis is to analyze the differences in the religiosity and the sacral landscape in the regions under study through the chosen methodological approaches and consequently to evaluate the continuity of the relict border existence. Key words: relict border,...

The Federal Theatre Project, which was established in 1935 to put unemployed Americans back to work after the Great Depression, and later employed over 10,000 people at its peak, financed one particularly original adaptation of Shakespeare: the "voodoo" Macbeth directed by Orson Welles in 1936. Debuting in Harlem with an all-black cast, the play's setting resembled a Haiti-like island instead of ancient Scotland, and Welles also supplemented the witches with voodoo priestesses, sensing that the practice of voodoo was more relevant, if not more realistic, for a contemporary audience than early modern witchcraft. My essay will consider how the terms "national origins" and "originality" intersect in three distinct ways vis-a-vis this play: The Harlem locale for the premier, the Caribbean setting for the tragedy, and the federal funding for the production.

This paper analyzes the Spain’s immigrants’ integration policy with the aim to reveal Spain’s national approach model using path dependence as a theory to search for the consistent and stable constraining or motivating ideas that dictate the direction of Spain’s immigrants’ integration policy. This paper finds out that the public philosophy of Spain is premised on historical ties, the interest is motivated by shared culture and the problem definition is framed based on the country of origin of the immigrants. However, these ideas make Spain’s immigrants’ policy to be restrictive or liberal to some group of immigrants depending on their country of origin. Immigrants from Third country nationals consisting of Latin- America, Andorra, the Philippines, Guinea Equatorial, Portugal and the Sephardic Jews who have had historical experience acquire Spanish Nationality faster than the other immigrants from third country nationals composed mainly of Morocco, Africa and Asia because of the way laws regulating immigrants acquisition of Spanish nationality is designed.

L'autisme est un trouble neurodéveloppemental universel, qui concerne tous les âges de la vie, niveaux de développement et pays. L'hétérogénéité des profils de développement de ces enfants classiquement étudiée concerne souvent soit les enfants sans déficience intellectuelle soit des fonctions cognitives et sociales précises. Notre objectif de recherche est de déterminer le profil développemental des enfants atteints d'autisme présentant un retard de développement important et issus de plusieurs pays. Nous faisons l'hypothèse que ces enfants présentent un profil plus hétérogène comparativement à des enfants typiques d'âge de développement similaire et quel que soit leur pays d'origine. Nous avons donc analysé les résultats d'évaluations développementales effectuées avec la BECS de 301 enfants avec autisme et de 121 enfants typiques issus de sept pays de trois continents (Algérie, Belgique, Brésil, Canada, France, Grèce et Espagne). Les résultats confirment la présence d'un développement plus hétérogène chez les enfants atteints d'autisme que chez les enfants typiques. L'existence de corrélations entre l'hétérogénéité des profils et des facteurs d'âge, de niveau de développement et de sévérité des symptômes est également mise en évidence. L'élaboration d'outils d'évaluation comme la BECS permet de mieux comprendre le développement des enfants avec trouble du spectre de l'autisme et déficience intellectuelle. / Autism is an universal neurodevelopmental disorder, that concerns all ages, levels of development and countries. The heterogeneity of developmental profiles of these children often studied classically concerns either children without intellectual disabilitiy or specific cognitive and social functions. Our research goal is to determine the developmental profile of children with autism with a significant developmental delay and from several countries. We assume that these children have a more heterogeneous profile compared to typical children of similar age of development regardless of their country of origin. Therefore we analyzed the results of developmental assessments conducted with BECS of 301 children with autism and 121 typical children from seven countries of three continents (Algeria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, France, Greece and Spain). The results confirm the presence of a more heterogeneous development in children with autism than in typical children. The existence of correlations between the heterogeneous profiles and age, level of development and severity of symptoms is also highlighted. The development of evaluation tools like BECS allow better understanding of the development of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability.