This study explores the United Kingdom’s Nationality and Borders Act’s inadmissibility criteria for asylum claims. An inadmissible asylum claim results in transferral to Rwanda to process the applicant’s claim, formalised under the Memorandum of Understanding. The study uses a normative legal method, applying international human rights law to national law to aim to determine whether the United Kingdom’s immigration law is in violation of articles 3 and 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as articles 31(1) and 33(1) of the Refugee Convention. Each article is applied respectively to sections 16 and 40 of the Nationality and Borders Act. The aim is subsequently achieved when the conclusion is reached that the Nationality and Borders Act is in breach of articles 3 and 4 of the European Convention on Human Rights, as well as articles 31(1) and 33(1) of the Refugee Convention. The results of this study highlight a discussion surrounding impermissible externalisation of asylum law, the limitations of international human rights law, and the interrelation between law and politics.

Although the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution grants American citizenship to any person born or naturalized in this country, subjective perceptions of who belongs in the country are driven by default assumptions that the prototypical American is White. This belief that Whites are somehow more American than members of other ethnic groups lies in sharp contrast to the widespread endorsement of multiculturalism in everyday life. Two studies provide evidence that these race-based beliefs about the prototypical American can produce discriminatory behavior against ethnic minorities in domains where patriotism is relevant, but not in domains where patriotism is irrelevant. Study 1 demonstrated that the more participants believe that the prototypical American is White, the less willing they are to hire highly qualified Asian Americans in national security jobs where patriotism is essential. Additionally, this effect was partially mediated by doubts about Asian Americans’ loyalty to thee country. Study 2 replicated and extended these findings by demonstrating that the more participants believe that the prototypical American is White, the less willing they are to hire highly qualified Asian Americans in national security jobs, but not in private business jobs where patriotism is irrelevant. Together, these studies demonstrate how race-based beliefs about the prototypical American can lead to discriminatory behavior against ethnic minorities, particularly in domains where national loyalty is important.

No description available.

Cornell and Hartmann (2007) developed a constructionist framework that can describe the development of racial and ethnic identities. Yet this framework has greater utility than its authors have intended as it also provides the best rubric to date for comprehending the transitions between collective identity group types. This study engages in a thorough investigation of the development of racial and ethnic identities within the context of those that precede it via an ethnohistorical analysis. It also demonstrates that this framework is capable of describing pre-modern religious and national identity types in addition to racial and ethnic identity types. This permits it to demonstrate that this framework can also be utilized in the analysis of identities and identity types in the pre-modern era, in addition to the modern examples that Cornell and Hartmann have used. To this end Weber‟s concept of the ideal type is used to support the examination of identity transitions among pre-Mexicans, Mexicans and Americans of Mexican descent in the ethnohistorical analysis. This methodological approach is in accordance with Romano‟s (1968) indication that the most effective way of understanding the way that Mexican persons define themselves is through a historical and not a sociological investigation. This investigation encapsulates the transition from pre-modern religious identities in the Iberian Peninsula, to the appearance of racial and national identities in the Viceroyalty of New Spain and the Mexican Republic. It examines a second racialization of those that lived within the northern Mexican provinces as Mexicans in the newly conquered Southwestern United States come into contact with the dominant white majority of the United States. The ethnohistorical analysis concludes with a description of the emergence of four distinct identity types among Americans of Mexican descent, each a means to combat the normative discrimination they faced.

This preliminary study examines interactions and experiences of immigrants with Swedish governmental agencies and factors that may affect variation in how these agencies interact with immigrants. Fifteen international students were interviewed, and their experiences with government agencies were evaluated to identify and describe problems they encountered in these interactions. Research questions included whether international students face barriers accessing public resources, are they treated poorly by agency representatives, are they provided sufficient information, and does their treatment differ depending on their nationality? The results show that although students do not perceive that they are being discriminated against, the types of problems encountered and ability to resolve issues varied according to nationality. Participants from Eastern and Southern regions encountered problems more frequently than other international students interviewed, and the students in the Southern group also had more complicated experiences with the bureaucracy. Additional study is needed to identify the extent to which these trends are reflected in the general immigrant population and possible means of addressing issues of bias in how agencies interact with clients of different backgrounds.

In the management literature, the debate on how Corporate Social Responsibility is becoming a priority. Several aspects of the CSR have already been studied, for example, what are the corporate motivations for engaging in responsible activities. Recently, following the Upper echelon theory, researchers are trying to understand what are the top management personal characteristics that influence their decision-making. This master thesis aims to demonstrate that the demographic feature “Age” of the CEOs is a crucial factor in influencing their propensity toward responsible behaviors. Moreover, this study will investigate if the importance that theoretically, the new generation gives to the social and environmental issues, find empirical evidence. Using the global Fortune 500 firms as a sample, the relationship between the age of the companies’ CEOs and their CSR performance have been tested. Additionally, the moderation role of their nationality has been studied using Hofstede’s dimensions. The findings show that the younger are the CEOs and the higher is the firm’s CSR score. Instead, contrary to the expectations, the moderating role of the nationality found no significance.

Feminist and Educational research on schoolbooks in the Greek educational context has discussed the ways in which gender or nationality or religion are being portrayed but has failed to touch upon sexuality and race (and other categories) and deploy an intersectional feminist perspective in their approaches, focusing only on one category. This thesis aims to fill the gap identified in the literature and investigate the portrayal and intersection of gender, sexuality, race, nationality, and religion in the discourses of selected texts of the Political Education schoolbook used in the first grade of highschool and the ways in which this portrayal and intersection challenges or reinforces hegemonic exclusionary discourses, power dynamics and hierarchies. From an intersectional feminist standpoint and a post-structuralist epistemological view, I used Critical Discourse Analysis as a method to achieve this goal, critically engage with the selected texts and uncover/deconstruct the ideologies and power dynamics created by the texts’ discourses. The findings reveal that nationality and religion are explicit in the texts, while gender, sexuality, and race are constructed in more subtle ways. The texts portray nationality as rigid and unchangeable, intersecting with Orthodox Christianity maintaining hegemonic nationalist discourses on“Greekness”. The absence of race and the implied whiteness as the default perpetuate racial hierarchies. Moreover, the portrayal and intersection of religion with gender and sexuality echo elements of gender binarism, compulsory heterosexuality, biological determinism, and cis/heteronormativity, reinforcing the dominant gender/sexual system and leaving no space for those who do not fit into it.

No description available.

This thesis conceptualizes post-Second World War Soviet émigré theory, i.e., how the Soviets made sense of their expatriates and related to them (something previously only studied in passing). To this end, the study draws on instructional, academic, and administrative Soviet sources. It also examines the application of this theory on the unconventional Estonian emigration in Sweden in reports from Soviet bureaucracies in 1953–1962. By comparing preconceptions to reality and exposing occasional mismatches, the study hopes to give insight into the properties and historical origins of this distinct and influential part of Soviet ideology.

The topic of the dissertation is the integration of Jewish citizens into the majority population between the years 1945-1948. It focuses primarily on three Jewish population groups in the Czech lands whose reintegration was fraught with difficulties. The groups in question were "German Jews", people who declared Jewish nationality, and Jewish optants from the former territory of Carpathian Ruthenia who decided to settle in Czechoslovakia after World War II. Their legal standing was unclear, in particular in the immediate post-war years. The most important issue for them was acquiring Czechoslovak citizenship, something that could help them become full-fledged citizens, and so had a significant impact on the future of these individuals. For this reason, the submitted work focuses on the bureaucratic actions that influenced the everyday lives of Jewish citizens. Many lower-level government clerks were unsure about how to proceed with the Jews' citizenship applications. The important criteria that often decided the outcome of the applications became the 1930 census, but especially the applicants' stated nationality or mother tongue. Furthermore, the dissertation focuses on the problems that the Jews faced when they were denied citizenship. For "German Jews", this meant being forcefully deported, while...