The dissertation examines the roots of modernity at the turn of the 20th century through the prism of the relationship between nationalism and internationalism. This seemingly incompatible affiliation between the two ideological archenemies has produced one of the most intriguing paradoxes of modern history. While theoretically attempting to reject nationalism as a transient product of capitalism, Marxism has in practice oftentimes exploited its appeal and utilized its extensive institutional repertoire. The study traces the evolution of Marxism’s conceptualization of the nationality question—a slow shift from an outright rejection of nationalism to an acceptance of its progressive features, complexity, varieties and influences. Interweaving intellectual and cultural studies in history with the political and intellectual history of the European Left, the study offers an intricate narrative of the crossroads of two important ideologies in theory and practice. The dissertation’s comparative and transnational approach reveals several important hitherto superficially explored aspects of Marxism’s difficult dialogue with nationalism. Firstly, it re-evaluates Karl Marx and Friedrich’s views on the nationality question, from its outright denial to limited acceptance and application. Secondly, it re-examines the multitude of Social Democratic responses to nationalism before the Great War. The advent of mass politics and the popularization of Marxist ideas produced a range of diverse socialist responses to the national conundrum throughout Europe. A comparison of Western (French and German), East Central and Eastern European (Austrian, Polish and Russian) and Soviet attitudes highlights some of the startling similarities and differences between the various groups’ ideological constellations. Finally, the dissertation uses the case study of the Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski, KPRP) to reveal certain insights about the cumulative heritage of Marxist thought on nationalism. An analysis of the KPRP reveals a lot not only about a national party’s struggles with nationalism (challenging many historiographical questions), but also about the diverse conceptualizations of Marx and Engels’ thought on nationalism, about European Social Democracy’s debates about the phenomenon, and about the Soviet nationality policy (within and outside the Soviet Union).

The dissertation examines the roots of modernity at the turn of the 20th century through the prism of the relationship between nationalism and internationalism. This seemingly incompatible affiliation between the two ideological archenemies has produced one of the most intriguing paradoxes of modern history. While theoretically attempting to reject nationalism as a transient product of capitalism, Marxism has in practice oftentimes exploited its appeal and utilized its extensive institutional repertoire. The study traces the evolution of Marxism’s conceptualization of the nationality question—a slow shift from an outright rejection of nationalism to an acceptance of its progressive features, complexity, varieties and influences. Interweaving intellectual and cultural studies in history with the political and intellectual history of the European Left, the study offers an intricate narrative of the crossroads of two important ideologies in theory and practice. The dissertation’s comparative and transnational approach reveals several important hitherto superficially explored aspects of Marxism’s difficult dialogue with nationalism. Firstly, it re-evaluates Karl Marx and Friedrich’s views on the nationality question, from its outright denial to limited acceptance and application. Secondly, it re-examines the multitude of Social Democratic responses to nationalism before the Great War. The advent of mass politics and the popularization of Marxist ideas produced a range of diverse socialist responses to the national conundrum throughout Europe. A comparison of Western (French and German), East Central and Eastern European (Austrian, Polish and Russian) and Soviet attitudes highlights some of the startling similarities and differences between the various groups’ ideological constellations. Finally, the dissertation uses the case study of the Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski, KPRP) to reveal certain insights about the cumulative heritage of Marxist thought on nationalism. An analysis of the KPRP reveals a lot not only about a national party’s struggles with nationalism (challenging many historiographical questions), but also about the diverse conceptualizations of Marx and Engels’ thought on nationalism, about European Social Democracy’s debates about the phenomenon, and about the Soviet nationality policy (within and outside the Soviet Union).

The overall aim of the study was to examine work environment factors within the maritime industry. For this purpose a new measurement tool for work environment on board ships was developed. Further aims of the study were the examination of organizational culture, occupational stress and job satisfaction. 215 seafarers from 24 ships participated in the study. The response rate was at 35% for the whole sample. In order to investigate differences in organizational culture, a multivariate analysis was conducted, which revealed significant differences in organizational culture due to nationality and hierarchical position. In order to examine predictors of job satisfaction, multiple hierarchical block regression analysis were performed. Occupational stress and organizational culture emerged as significant predictors of job satisfaction. Especially relationships with co-workers and relationships with superiors emerged as predictive for job satisfaction. Social support and feedback from superiors showed the strongest predictive power for job satisfaction. The results in the study emphasize the importance of nationality and hierarchical position as important variables for measuring organizational culture. In addition, the importance of social relationships between co-workers and superiors are discussed. The aim of the study was to examine whether there were significant differences in organizational culture on board ships when looking at the variables nationality, hierarchical position and ship type. 215 Norwegian and Filipino seafarers from 24 ships participated in the study. The response rate was at 35% for the whole sample. Multivariate analysis revealed overall significant differences for the seven culture dimensions. In addition a significant difference of nation on the two factors (2) Working with the opposite gender and (3) Social support and feedback given by superiors emerged. Further multivariate analyses showed resulted in overall significant differences between hierarchical positions on organizational culture and especially on the factor (3) Emotional involvement in co-workers problems. The results emphasize the importance of including variables as nationality and hierarchical position when studying organizational culture within the maritime industry. The aim of the study was to examine the dimensions stress and organizational culture as predictors of job satisfaction within the specific conditions of the occupation of seafarers. In addition the impact of Social support and feedback given by superiors on job satisfaction was examined. 215 Norwegian and Filipino seafarers with different ranks from 24 different ships participated in this study. 97 of the respondents reported to be Officers/Managers and 87 of the respondents Ratings/Subordinates. The response rate was 35, 5 % for the entire sample. Multiple hierarchical block regression analysis were performed and revealed both stress and organizational culture as significant predictors of overall job satisfaction. Especially relationships with co-workers and relationships with superiors emerged as predictive for job satisfaction as a part of organizational culture. As predicted the factor Social support and feedback given by superiors had great predictive power for job satisfaction. The results emphasize the importance of organizational culture and especially relationships between the employees on board a ship.

Darbo tema − Gimtoji kalba kaip tautinio tapatumo išsaugojimo prioritetas (trijų kartų įžvalgos). Temos aktualumas ir problema. Gimtoji kalba yra viena iš svarbiausių tautinio tapatumo tęstinumo gijų. Tai ne vien skambūs žodžiai, tai gyvenimo patirtis, tautos dvasios šaltinis, savitumas, kalbos bendrumo jausmas, kuris tampantis įsitikinimu darosi ir tautinio, dorovinio bei kultūrinio identiteto esminga dalimi. Kalbos vaidmuo yra išskirtinis. Sunku atrasti ką nors kitą nei kalba, kas būtų vienodai svarbus ir suvienytų visus tautinės ir politinės bendruomenės narius. Darbo tikslas − ištirti trijų kartų tautinius prioritetus: pasitelkus lyginamąją analizę atskleisti gimtosios (lietuvių) kalbos vaidmenį siekiant išsaugoti ir sustiprinti lietuvių tautinį tapatumą. Šiame magistro darbe bus analizuojamas tautinis tapatumas ir jo santykis su gimtąja kalba. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išnagrinėti lietuvių tautinį tapatumą (lietuvybę) atspindinčius elementus, jų raišką ir kaitą mūsų visuomenėje. 2. Atskleisti lietuvių tautinio tapatumo išlaikymo galimybes integruojantis į pasaulinę erdvę. 3. Ištirti gimtosios kalbos ir tautinio tapatumo santykį, apibrėžti lietuvių kalbą kaip lietuvybės požymį. 4. Išnagrinėti kalbines nuostatas ir savęs identifikavimo problemas globalizacijos akivaizdoje. 5. Išanalizuoti lietuvių tautiškumo, lietuvybės, lietuvių kalbos kaip dorovinių vertybių sistemos svarbą asmenybės vertybinių principų formavimuisi. 6. Atlikti kokybinį tyrimą ir sužinoti trijų kartų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Topic of the thesis − Native Language as a Priority for Preserving National Identity (Insights of Three Generations). Relevance and problem of the topic. Native language is one of the most important links of continuity of national identity. It is not only high-sounding words but also life experience, source of national spirit, peculiarity and sense of belonging to the same linguistic community, which, while gradually turning into personal conviction, becomes an essential part of national, moral and cultural identity. The role of language is exceptional. It is hard to find any other element as important as the language itself, bringing all members of the national and political community into a single whole. The goal of the thesis − to examine national priorities of three generations; by means of comparative analysis, reveal the role of the native (Lithuanian) language in pursuit of preserving and strengthening Lithuanian national identity. Therefore, the Master’s thesis will address national identity and its relationship with the native language. Objectives of the thesis: 1. To analyse the elements reflecting Lithuanian national identity (Lithuanianhood), their expression and change in our society. 2. To reveal the possibilities for preserving Lithuanian national identity in the process of global integration. 3. To examine the relationship between native language and national identity; to define the Lithuanian language as an inherent feature of Lithuanianhood. 4. To... [to full text]

Recent developments such as internationalization of labor markets, emergence of multi-level polities and a global discourse on human rights have influenced citizenship practices and challenged conventional definitions of citizenship. While conventional definitions of citizenship often presuppose the relationship between citizenship, nationality and nation-state, as an institution, citizenship is constituted and reconstituted by economic, political, social and legal practices. In this context, European Union citizenship (EU citizenship), which was formally introduced in 1993, has generated a discussion on its nature. As a reflection of its dynamic and ambiguous character, there is a variety of interpretations on EU citizenship that can be evaluated between postnational and national ends. In line with these interpretations, this thesis aims to provide an insight to the possibility of postnationality in the case of the European Union Citizenship. In this sense, the analysis of EU citizenship depends on two significant theoretical bases: the contemporary debates on citizenship and the theories of European integration. It is attempted to combine these theoretical frameworks in a critical analysis in order to consider the postnational potentials and possibilities that the EU citizenship has. In the case study of EU citizenship a socio-historical analysis of the making of EU citizenship is carried out mainly with reference to the official documents of the institutions of European Union. In the light of this analysis, EU citizenship is critically examined according to designated discussion themes. Consequently, in this thesis, it is mainly argued that dynamic and evolving nature of EU citizenship create contradictory notions in its development process. This also reflects that possibilities for postnationality are inherent to the EU citizenship.

過去在防禦型印象管理策略前因的探討相當缺乏，應徵者端的前因文獻存在缺口，故本研究欲探討防禦型印象管理的三種策略：「道歉」、「開脫」與「合理化」策略的選擇因素包含應徵者的自我監控特質與國籍差異，並將五大人格特質納為本研究的控制變項。本研究採問卷法，透過紙本與網路兩種收集管道，總共收集了台灣與非台灣(歐洲)兩地共171份有效樣本，其中台灣為102份，非台灣(歐洲)則為69份。 本研究結果指出，應徵者在進行防禦型印象管理戰術選擇時會因國籍的不同而有差異，特別是對於「道歉」與「開脫」策略的影響，台灣樣本傾向使用前者，而歐洲樣本則傾向使用後者，然而「合理化」策略並未有差異；至於自我監控特質則僅影響「合理化」策略的使用，對「道歉」與「開脫」策略的使用並無影響。本研究結果同時提供面試官與應徵者如何解讀防禦型印象管理戰術；對企業而言，面試官並無法完全藉由應徵者使用的防禦型印象管理戰術推測其自我監控特質；對應徵者而言，合理化策略在研究結果中為一保守且安全的策略使用。 / In the past, there are lacks of researches studied about the antecedent of defensive impression management tactics. Especially the antecedents of applicants’ side are still unknown, and that is the purpose of this research. This research plans to explore the effects of applicants’ self-monitoring and nationality differences on the choices of applicants’ defensive impression management tactic. Paper and online questionnaire methods were conducted. 171 samples were been collected which were from Taiwan and non-Taiwan (Europe). There were 102 samples from Taiwan area and 69 samples were from non-Taiwan area which is Europe area. The results show that the nationality differences affect applicants’ choices of defensive management tactics, especially apology and excuse tactics. Samples from Taiwan area tend to choose apology tactic. However, samples from non-Taiwan (Europe) area prefer to choose excuse tactic in the same situation. And self-monitoring only affects justification tactic. These results can provide the guidance for both interviewers and applicants. For interviewers, it’s not suitable to infer applicant’s self-monitoring by the tactic he/she chose. And for applicants, justification tactic could be a safe option in such situation.

Thesis (doctoral) - Freie Universität, Berlin, 2004. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Submitted by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-26T15:23:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURÍCIO SOUZA SAMPAIO.pdf: 1302755 bytes, checksum: 880764e58ccedd0cd25b39d55b21f50a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Valéria de Jesus Moura (anavaleria_131@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-26T15:24:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURÍCIO SOUZA SAMPAIO.pdf: 1302755 bytes, checksum: 880764e58ccedd0cd25b39d55b21f50a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-26T15:24:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MAURÍCIO SOUZA SAMPAIO.pdf: 1302755 bytes, checksum: 880764e58ccedd0cd25b39d55b21f50a (MD5) / Essa dissertação tem como proposta uma análise da Democracia Semidireta no Brasil pautada numa suposta crise, causada pelos problemas atuais da representação política e pelos limites dos instrumentos de participação direta. Para iniciar, faz-se necessário fazer uma abordagem do que é estado e seus elementos estruturais: formas de governo; povo, participação e cidadania; regimes políticos, aludindo-se com especificidade à Democracia Semidireta, que é o caso brasileiro, suas características, conceitos, histórico, institutos etc. Diante disso, caberá uma análise mais específica e profunda da representação política e suas características, voltando-se principalmente à demonstração da grave crise por que passa essa parte da Democracia Semidireta, além de abordagens acerca dos mecanismos propostos pela legislação à participação popular, especificamente, nas atividades legislativas: o plebiscito, o referendo e a iniciativa popular e suas limitações, tanto as formais quanto as materiais, impostas pela legislação à participação direta da população, o que gera, desta forma, a contestação do Brasil como verdadeira Democracia, em virtude da falta de uso efetivo, como deveria ser, dos institutos acima mencionados e do desvirtuamento da representação política. O objetivo do texto é, portanto, tentar demonstrar que, em razão da excessiva gama de limitações aos mecanismos de participação direta da população e de toda problemática da representatividade, a definição do Regime Político da Constituição Federal brasileira, de 1988, como Democracia Semidireta, ou mesmo como uma Democracia, torna-se discutível e contestável.

O objetivo deste trabalho é traçar um quadro analítico das questões em torno da problemática educacional das crianças filhas de dekassegui e compreender como as redes de relações influenciam a relação entre família e as escolas brasileiras no Japão. A questão que se impõe, nesse caso, é: em que contexto se compõem as redes de relações em torno da criança nikkei na escola brasileira no Japão e quais são os principais aspectos que envolvem tais redes? Parte-se da hipótese de que os pais, presos a um cotidiano conflitante e desgastante, não conseguem perceber o quanto as questões migratórias, de nacionalidade e os aspectos legais das escolas influenciam a relação família-escola brasileira no Japão. O tema proposto para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo exige um trabalho com conceitos de grandes áreas de pesquisa, como os estudos históricos, migratórios e educacionais cada qual em sua complexidade de forma interligada, compondo consequentemente um quadro multidimensional e também complexo. Faz-se necessário, portanto, trabalhar com conceitos ligados mais especificamente à questão de migrações de japoneses para o Brasil e brasileiros/ nikkei para o Japão, em seus diferentes contextos históricos e educação propriamente dita, o que inclui os aspectos legais, de estruturação da escola e da escola brasileira inserida em outro país. Do ponto de vista conceitual, apoia-se principalmente em estudos sobre migrações realizados por Julius Isaac e nas análises de Benedict Anderson e Eric Hobsbawm sobre nação e nacionalidade. As escolas brasileiras no Japão constituem-se como espaços privilegiados para a análise proposta, à medida que apresentam formalmente a possibilidade de manutenção de vínculos com o Brasil em contraste com a escola pública japonesa. Além disso, se parte delas é homologada pelo governo brasileiro, todas são instituições particulares formalmente apresentadas às famílias brasileiras vivendo no Japão, como vinculadas ao desenvolvimento com base nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais estabelecidos no Brasil, mas em vigência em território japonês. Considerando-se que essas crianças e adolescentes não são migrantes sozinhos nem tampouco determinam e/ou escolhem ser migrantes por si , mas sim pertencem a unidades familiares, faz-se necessário refletir também sobre a relação dessas crianças com suas famílias. A partir dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo se realiza nos parâmetros delineados metodologicamente pela realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as famílias e nas escolas, de modo que os contatos com as famílias foram realizados sempre por intermédio das escolas. / The purpose of this study is to create an analytical outline of the issues that surround the educational problem of children born of dekassegui (Brazilians living in Japan) and to understand how this network of relations influences the family-Brazilian school relationship in Japan. Therefore, the crux of the matter is: in what context and what are the main aspects that comprise the relationship network surrounding the nikkei child studying in Brazilian schools in Japan? The study is based on the assumption that the parents, stuck in a conflicting and exhausting daily routine, are unable to perceive how much the migratory and nationality issues and the legal aspects of the schools comprise a network of relations that influence the Brazilian family-school relationship in Japan. The theme proposed for the development of this study requires working with concepts in large areas of research such as historic, migratory and educational each with its own complexity in an interconnected manner, consequently creating a multidimensional, and also complex, scenario. Therefore, the study requires working with linked concepts, in particular, the matter of the migration of Japanese to Brazil and Brazilians/nikkei to Japan, within different historic contexts and, strictly speaking, educational ones which include the legal aspects and those related to the structure of the school and the Brazilian school based in another country. From the conceptual standpoint, this work is mainly based on studies about migrations developed by Julius Isaac and the analyses about nation and nationality written by Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm. Brazilian schools in Japan offer the ideal base for the analysis proposed insofar as they formally enable the possibility of maintaining the link with Brazil in contrast to public Japanese schools. Additionally, if a part of them are approved by the Brazilian government, at the same time all of them are private institutions formally introduced to Brazilian families living in Japan as being linked to the development based on Brazilian Curricular Parameters despite being based in Japan. Considering that these children and adolescents did not migrate on their own, nor did they decide and/or choose to migrate of their own free will, but nevertheless belong to family units, it is also necessary to discover what the relationship of these children is with their families. Based on this viewpoint, this study is developed within methodologically outlined parameters through semi-structured interviews with families and in the schools, with the family contacts always being made through the schools.

The term "investor" in international investment agreements The aim of this thesis is to explain, compare and evaluate the meaning of investor as one of the key terms used in the area of international investment protection. From a systematic point of view, international investment activities are governed by international economic law, which is a sub-discipline of public international law. Foreign investment as a transfer of assets from one country to another in order to generate wealth is a kind of activity known and done since the era of colonialism or even before. The subjects carrying out these operations are called investors. However the framework of international investment protection as we know it today started out when the so called bilateral investment treaties (BITs) became commonly used to protect and promote international investing. These treaties entered into by states as sovereign members of the international community stipulated conditions to protect each other's investors in order to stimulate the flow of free capital over the borders. As mentioned before the term investor inter alia is a fundamental part of each international investment agreement. It specifies the range of subjects that are protected under such treaty and thus entitled to pursue their claims on international level in case of...