This work deals with life and villages in the parish Křemže in the period 1885 to 1920. Home work contains a brief description of the emergence of villages and parishes of the first references in the historical annals, after the year 1885. Another reference to time zone are the years 1885 - 1905 from the perspective of life in the parish and Křemže of sacral buildings in this period. At the same time a separate chapter in the life and community events and intrusions Křemže parish and village life. The following chapter handles the period before the World War II, the years 1911 to 1914. Here is a breakdown done in terms of parish and community Křemže own view, and again the common life away. A separate chapter is devoted to the first veto war. Emphasis here is placed on the description of life in the village itself and the difficulties and War on the territory of the parish. The final chapter contains a description of a new independent Republic and its impact on the ethnic and political. It describes also describe trends and developments in the territory of the Catholic Church parish Křemže from 1919 - 1920.

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Le mariage, objet de cette étude, n'est pas soumis dans sa totalité à une loi unique. On distingue traditionnellement entre sa formation, ses effets et sa dissolution. Le droit international privé algérien soumet les conditions de fond du mariage à la compétence de la loi nationale des époux, et la forme à l'une des lois suivantes : la loi du lieu de la célébration, la loi du domicile commun, la loi nationale commune ou encore à la loi régissant les règles de fond. Les effets du mariage sont régis par la loi nationale du mari au moment de la conclusion du mariage; la dissolution est, quant à elle, soumise à la loi nationale du mari appréciée au moment de l'acte introductif d'instance. L'élaboration des règles de conflit ainsi que la qualification exacte de certaines conditions de validité du mariage ne suffisent pas pour pouvoir affirmer que les conflits sont réglés; car la loi, désignée comme compétente par les règles de conflit nationales, peut être écartée au profit d'une autre. A coté de l'ordre public qui est la raison la plus connue et dont la conception varie d'un pays à un autre, il y a le cas du renvoi et le cas de la fraude à la loi. La comparaison entreprise ici entre le système algérien, égyptien et français, révèle que, bien que ces systèmes connaissent un langage commun, celui du droit international privé, ce langage a un accent différent dans les deux premiers systèmes en raison du caractère religieux du droit interne du mariage. L'originalité de ces derniers réside, en effet, dans le fait qu'ils érigent la religion musulmane et le privilège de nationalité comme facteurs de rattachement en matière de statut personnel. C'est ainsi donc, que les solutions des conflits de lois relatifs à la formation, aux effets et à la dissolution du mariage, deviennent des plus délicates. / Formation, Effects and Dissolution of Marriage in Algerian and Comparative Private International Law: Study of Conflicts of LawsAbstract: The marriage, object of this study, is not submitted in its entirety to a single law. One distinguishes traditionally between its formation, its effects and its dissolution. Algerian private international law subjects the basic conditions of marriage to the jurisdiction of the national law of the spouses and the form, to one of the following laws : the law of the place of celebration, the law of the common domicile, the common national law or the law governing the substantive rules. The effects of marriage are governed by the national law of the husband at the time of the conclusion of the marriage; the dissolution is, in turn, subject to the national law of the husband assessed at the time of the initiating act. The elaboration of the conflict rules as well as the exact qualification of certain conditions of validity of the marriage are not enough to be able to affirm that the conflicts are settled; because the law, designated as competent by the national conflict rules, can be overridden in favor of another. Next to public order, which is the most well-known reason and whose conception varies from one country to another, there is the case of the dismissal and the case of the fraud with the law. The comparison made here between the Algerian, Egyptian and French systems reveals that, although these systems have a common language, that of private international law, this language has a different emphasis in the first two systems because of the religious nature of the domestic law of marriage. The originality of these two systems resides in the fact that they establish the Muslim religion and the privilege of nationality as connecting factors in matters of personal status. It is thus that the solutions of the conflicts of laws relating to the formation, the effects and the dissolution of the marriage, become more delicate.

The purpose of this study was to examine how the Swedish sports journalism, tabloids and local newspapers, portrayed the Swedish national football team during the 2018 Russia World Cup and Malmö FF in the 2015/2016 Champions League competition. The main purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sports journalism and nationality. The question formulations to this study were: how does the sports journalism portray the Swedish national team and Malmö FF, and what are the similarities and differences between Aftonbladets and Sydsvenskans portrayal of the teams?   I made a discourse analysis out of twelve chronicles, six from Aftonbladet and six from Sydsvenkan. For each of the three group stage games Sweden played in the World Cup, I analyzed one chronicle from both Aftonbladet and Sydsvenskan. Further, I analyzed one chronicle from Aftonbladet and one from Sydsvenskan for each of the three home games Malmö FF played in the Champions League. It turned out that Aftonbladet portrayed Sweden with a lot of metaphors and wrote about the Swedish national team as if the readers were a part of the team. Aftonbladet had more distance and caution when portraying Malmö FF. With Sydsvenskan it was the contrary. Sydsvenskan portrayed Malmö FF as if they were a part of the team and occasionally seemed to be biased. Sydsvenskan portrayed the Swedish national with more caution, distance and did not portray Sweden with the same empathy as Malmö FF.

Invitant à réfléchir sur l’appartenance au groupe dans le domaine de la protection sociale, la thèse contribue à éclairer cette dernière et appelle à repenser la condition de l’étranger. L’observation de la construction de l’État social révèle à quel point celui-ci est lié à l’État-Nation. La solidarité, maître-mot de la protection sociale, s’est développée dans le périmètre de l’État-Nation. N’appartenant pas au groupe national, l’étranger, à moins d’être rattaché à la collectivité des travailleurs, a été exclu du cercle de la solidarité. La construction européenne et la montée en puissance des droits de l’homme ont toutefois conduit à délégitimer la condition de nationalité pour faire prévaloir l’égalité. Alors, la voie s’est ouverte pour que se concrétise le projet d’une protection sociale universelle, i.e. applicable à toutes les personnes, en tant que membres de la société, résidant sur le territoire français. La nationalité a laissé place à la résidence. Pareil passage s’est inscrit dans un double contexte. Dans l’ordre interne d’une part, les préoccupations relatives à la maîtrise de l’immigration ont conduit à réorganiser la protection sociale de l’étranger autour de l’exigence de régularité du séjour. Plus libéral, un tel régime conserve néanmoins l’empreinte de la nationalité. L’approfondissement de l’intégration européenne et la promotion d’une nouvelle citoyenneté sociale, d’autre part, font du droit de l’UE un laboratoire incitant à ouvrir le champ des possibles. De son étude, émerge un critère universel d’accès à la protection sociale organisé moins autour du lien à l’État qu’à la société, un lien non plus de nationalité mais d’intégration. / By inviting consideration of the phenomenon of group belonging in the field of social protection, the thesis sets out to shed light on the field and calls for a rethinking of the condition of foreigners. Observation of how the social State is constructed reveals the extent to which it is related to the Nation-State. Solidarity, the key word in social protection, developed within the scope of the Nation-State. Because foreigners do not belong to the national group, they are excluded from the circle of solidarity, unless they attach themselves to the community of workers. The construction of Europe and the rise of human rights have, however, resulted in a delegitimisation of the condition of nationality in the interests of equality. The way is thus open to realise plans for universal social protection, i.e. protection applicable to all those living on French soil, by virtue of their status as members of society. Nationality has given way to residence. The context behind such a shift is twofold. At the domestic level, on the one hand, concerns over the control of immigration have resulted in social protection for foreigners being reorganised around the requirement for legal residency. Although more liberal, such a regime nevertheless retains the imprint of nationality. On the other, closer European integration and the promotion of a new social citizenship have automatically made EU law a testing ground to encourage the opening up of new possibilities. From its study there emerges a universal criterion of access to social protection centred less on the link to the State and more on the link to society, a link no longer of nationality but of integration.

Submitted by CARLA MARIA GOULART DE MORAES (carlagm) on 2015-05-08T13:52:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LilianeNathalieFretesGarciaGrellmann.pdf: 785401 bytes, checksum: 7ccc337fb9a67738ee9420606bb0e8b3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-08T13:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LilianeNathalieFretesGarciaGrellmann.pdf: 785401 bytes, checksum: 7ccc337fb9a67738ee9420606bb0e8b3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-12-14 / Nenhuma / Sendo o direito à saúde um direito fundamental não é mais concebível que deixem de efetivá-lo pautando-se em nacionalidades. A inevitável globalização acarretou mudanças, influenciando, inclusive, a integração entre os países e ainda possibilitando a disseminação de doenças pelo trânsito facilitado, de modo que a defesa e a efetivação do direito à saúde são inestimáveis. No presente trabalho analisar-se-á o direito social à saúde, sob a perspectiva da definição formal de direitos fundamentais trazida por Luigi Ferrajoli, onde sendo o direito à saúde um direito fundamental e um direito humano, não é possível que não seja efetivado, pois a sua titularidade independe de nacionalidades ou cidadanias, bastando ser pessoa. Ainda, será abordado o direito à saúde sob uma perspectiva de valorização dos direitos fundamentais, com a introdução destes nas Constituições e sob a perspectiva de integração e globalização onde a soberania do Estado e a cidadania passam por significativas transformações. No presente apresentar-se-á o exemplo privilegiado fronteiriço, em que não nacionais, necessitando, vem até o Brasil pretendendo ter efetivado o seu direito fundamental à saúde no Sistema Único de Saúde, analisando o direito à saúde como direito fundamental, defendendo assim a releitura da nacionalidade para efetivação do direito social à saúde. / Being the right to health a fundamental right isn’t conceivable not to implement it based on nationalities. The inevitable globalization has brought changes, influencing even the integration among countries and allowing the spread of diseases because of the easy transit, therefore, the protection and achievement of the right to health is priceless. In the present study the social right to health will be examined, from the perspective of the formal definition of fundamental rights brought by Luigi Ferrajoli. It also presents the right to health as being fundamental and a human right. Not possible to be denied because its ownership doesn’t depend on nationality or citizenship, but only on the fact of being a person. Still, the right to health from a perspective of valuation of fundamental rights will be discussed, with the introduction of these rights at the Constitutions, and from the perspective of integration and globalization in which state sovereignty and citizenship undergo significant changes. The present will provide the prime frontier example, where foreigners, in need, come to Brazil intending to use their fundamental right to health in the Brazilian health system, analyzing the right to health as a fundamental right, defending, this way, rereading the nationality for the achievement of the right to health.

O objetivo deste trabalho é traçar um quadro analítico das questões em torno da problemática educacional das crianças filhas de dekassegui e compreender como as redes de relações influenciam a relação entre família e as escolas brasileiras no Japão. A questão que se impõe, nesse caso, é: em que contexto se compõem as redes de relações em torno da criança nikkei na escola brasileira no Japão e quais são os principais aspectos que envolvem tais redes? Parte-se da hipótese de que os pais, presos a um cotidiano conflitante e desgastante, não conseguem perceber o quanto as questões migratórias, de nacionalidade e os aspectos legais das escolas influenciam a relação família-escola brasileira no Japão. O tema proposto para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo exige um trabalho com conceitos de grandes áreas de pesquisa, como os estudos históricos, migratórios e educacionais cada qual em sua complexidade de forma interligada, compondo consequentemente um quadro multidimensional e também complexo. Faz-se necessário, portanto, trabalhar com conceitos ligados mais especificamente à questão de migrações de japoneses para o Brasil e brasileiros/ nikkei para o Japão, em seus diferentes contextos históricos e educação propriamente dita, o que inclui os aspectos legais, de estruturação da escola e da escola brasileira inserida em outro país. Do ponto de vista conceitual, apoia-se principalmente em estudos sobre migrações realizados por Julius Isaac e nas análises de Benedict Anderson e Eric Hobsbawm sobre nação e nacionalidade. As escolas brasileiras no Japão constituem-se como espaços privilegiados para a análise proposta, à medida que apresentam formalmente a possibilidade de manutenção de vínculos com o Brasil em contraste com a escola pública japonesa. Além disso, se parte delas é homologada pelo governo brasileiro, todas são instituições particulares formalmente apresentadas às famílias brasileiras vivendo no Japão, como vinculadas ao desenvolvimento com base nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais estabelecidos no Brasil, mas em vigência em território japonês. Considerando-se que essas crianças e adolescentes não são migrantes sozinhos nem tampouco determinam e/ou escolhem ser migrantes por si , mas sim pertencem a unidades familiares, faz-se necessário refletir também sobre a relação dessas crianças com suas famílias. A partir dessa perspectiva, o presente estudo se realiza nos parâmetros delineados metodologicamente pela realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com as famílias e nas escolas, de modo que os contatos com as famílias foram realizados sempre por intermédio das escolas. / The purpose of this study is to create an analytical outline of the issues that surround the educational problem of children born of dekassegui (Brazilians living in Japan) and to understand how this network of relations influences the family-Brazilian school relationship in Japan. Therefore, the crux of the matter is: in what context and what are the main aspects that comprise the relationship network surrounding the nikkei child studying in Brazilian schools in Japan? The study is based on the assumption that the parents, stuck in a conflicting and exhausting daily routine, are unable to perceive how much the migratory and nationality issues and the legal aspects of the schools comprise a network of relations that influence the Brazilian family-school relationship in Japan. The theme proposed for the development of this study requires working with concepts in large areas of research such as historic, migratory and educational each with its own complexity in an interconnected manner, consequently creating a multidimensional, and also complex, scenario. Therefore, the study requires working with linked concepts, in particular, the matter of the migration of Japanese to Brazil and Brazilians/nikkei to Japan, within different historic contexts and, strictly speaking, educational ones which include the legal aspects and those related to the structure of the school and the Brazilian school based in another country. From the conceptual standpoint, this work is mainly based on studies about migrations developed by Julius Isaac and the analyses about nation and nationality written by Benedict Anderson and Eric Hobsbawm. Brazilian schools in Japan offer the ideal base for the analysis proposed insofar as they formally enable the possibility of maintaining the link with Brazil in contrast to public Japanese schools. Additionally, if a part of them are approved by the Brazilian government, at the same time all of them are private institutions formally introduced to Brazilian families living in Japan as being linked to the development based on Brazilian Curricular Parameters despite being based in Japan. Considering that these children and adolescents did not migrate on their own, nor did they decide and/or choose to migrate of their own free will, but nevertheless belong to family units, it is also necessary to discover what the relationship of these children is with their families. Based on this viewpoint, this study is developed within methodologically outlined parameters through semi-structured interviews with families and in the schools, with the family contacts always being made through the schools.

<p>The purpose of this essay is to examine and compare narrations by five witnesses, who has written about atrocities against Christians from 1915 to 1919 in what is today south-eastern Turkey, but what was then the Ottoman Empire. I have focused on how the roles of perpetrators, victims, spectators and protectors are featured in the witness narrations. Four questions were posed in the study: Who are portrayed as perpetrators, victims, bystanders and protectors in the various witness narrations? How are these roles expressed in the witness narrations? What differences can be found among the five selected witness narrations from Mardin and Urfa, 1915-1919? What are the explanations of the differences in the witness narrations? The method I have used has been an analysis in which I compare how the different narrations capture the events of 1915-1919. I have used three factors to look at the explanations why there may be differences in the witness narrations. The three factors are nationality, position, and religious affiliation. In the comparison and the results of the witness narrations, I have found that the three factors affect the way the authors write about the events and that these factors help to explain the differences in the witness narrations. These factors are a part of the authors’ respective worldviews. Also, local differences, power constellations, and political factors meant that witness narrations differed.</p>

The purpose of this essay is to examine and compare narrations by five witnesses, who has written about atrocities against Christians from 1915 to 1919 in what is today south-eastern Turkey, but what was then the Ottoman Empire. I have focused on how the roles of perpetrators, victims, spectators and protectors are featured in the witness narrations. Four questions were posed in the study: Who are portrayed as perpetrators, victims, bystanders and protectors in the various witness narrations? How are these roles expressed in the witness narrations? What differences can be found among the five selected witness narrations from Mardin and Urfa, 1915-1919? What are the explanations of the differences in the witness narrations? The method I have used has been an analysis in which I compare how the different narrations capture the events of 1915-1919. I have used three factors to look at the explanations why there may be differences in the witness narrations. The three factors are nationality, position, and religious affiliation. In the comparison and the results of the witness narrations, I have found that the three factors affect the way the authors write about the events and that these factors help to explain the differences in the witness narrations. These factors are a part of the authors’ respective worldviews. Also, local differences, power constellations, and political factors meant that witness narrations differed.

The dissertation examines the roots of modernity at the turn of the 20th century through the prism of the relationship between nationalism and internationalism. This seemingly incompatible affiliation between the two ideological archenemies has produced one of the most intriguing paradoxes of modern history. While theoretically attempting to reject nationalism as a transient product of capitalism, Marxism has in practice oftentimes exploited its appeal and utilized its extensive institutional repertoire. The study traces the evolution of Marxism’s conceptualization of the nationality question—a slow shift from an outright rejection of nationalism to an acceptance of its progressive features, complexity, varieties and influences. Interweaving intellectual and cultural studies in history with the political and intellectual history of the European Left, the study offers an intricate narrative of the crossroads of two important ideologies in theory and practice. The dissertation’s comparative and transnational approach reveals several important hitherto superficially explored aspects of Marxism’s difficult dialogue with nationalism. Firstly, it re-evaluates Karl Marx and Friedrich’s views on the nationality question, from its outright denial to limited acceptance and application. Secondly, it re-examines the multitude of Social Democratic responses to nationalism before the Great War. The advent of mass politics and the popularization of Marxist ideas produced a range of diverse socialist responses to the national conundrum throughout Europe. A comparison of Western (French and German), East Central and Eastern European (Austrian, Polish and Russian) and Soviet attitudes highlights some of the startling similarities and differences between the various groups’ ideological constellations. Finally, the dissertation uses the case study of the Communist Workers’ Party of Poland (Komunistyczna Partia Robotnicza Polski, KPRP) to reveal certain insights about the cumulative heritage of Marxist thought on nationalism. An analysis of the KPRP reveals a lot not only about a national party’s struggles with nationalism (challenging many historiographical questions), but also about the diverse conceptualizations of Marx and Engels’ thought on nationalism, about European Social Democracy’s debates about the phenomenon, and about the Soviet nationality policy (within and outside the Soviet Union).