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261	From Pixels to Predators: Wildlife Monitoring with Machine Learning / Från Pixlar till Rovdjur: Viltövervakning med Maskininlärning Eriksson, Max January 2024 (has links) This master’s thesis investigates the application of advanced machine learning models for the identification and classification of Swedish predators using camera trap images. With the growing threats to biodiversity, there is an urgent need for innovative and non-intrusive monitoring techniques. This study focuses on the development and evaluation of object detection models, including YOLOv5, YOLOv8, YOLOv9, and Faster R-CNN, aiming to enhance the surveillance capabilities of Swedish predatory species such as bears, wolves, lynxes, foxes, and wolverines. The research leverages a dataset from the NINA database, applying data preprocessing and augmentation techniques to ensure robust model training. The models were trained and evaluated using various dataset sizes and conditions, including day and night images. Notably, YOLOv8 and YOLOv9 underwent extended training for 300 epochs, leading to significant improvements in performance metrics. The performance of the models was evaluated using metrics such as mean Average Precision (mAP), precision, recall, and F1-score. YOLOv9, with its innovative Programmable Gradient Information (PGI) and GELAN architecture, demonstrated superior accuracy and reliability, achieving an F1-score of 0.98 on the expanded dataset. The research found that training models on images captured during both day and night jointly versus separately resulted in only minor differences in performance. However, models trained exclusively on daytime images showed slightly better performance due to more consistent and favorable lighting conditions. The study also revealed a positive correlation between the size of the training dataset and model performance, with larger datasets yielding better results across all metrics. However, the marginal gains decreased as the dataset size increased, suggesting diminishing returns. Among the species studied, foxes were the least challenging for the models to detect and identify, while wolves presented more significant challenges, likely due to their complex fur patterns and coloration blending with the background. Machine Learning Project Ngulia YOLO YOLOv9 YOLOv8 YOLOv5 Faster R-CNN Wildlife Monitoring Deep Learning Camera Traps Object Detection Image Processing Animal Detection Neural Networks Transfer Lernning Maskininlärning Viltövervakning Djupinlärning Kamerafällor Objektdetektion Neurala Nätverk Media and Communication Technology Medieteknik
262	Applied Machine Learning Predicts the Postmortem Interval from the Metabolomic Fingerprint Arpe, Jenny January 2024 (has links) In forensic autopsies, accurately estimating the postmortem interval (PMI) is crucial. Traditional methods, relying on physical parameters and police data, often lack precision, particularly after approximately two days have passed since the person's death. New methods are increasingly focusing on analyzing postmortem metabolomics in biological systems, acting as a 'fingerprint' of ongoing processes influenced by internal and external molecules. By carefully analyzing these metabolomic profiles, which span a diverse range of information from events preceding death to postmortem changes, there is potential to provide more accurate estimates of the PMI. The limitation of available real human data has hindered comprehensive investigation until recently. Large-scale metabolomic data collected by the National Board of Forensic Medicine (RMV, Rättsmedicinalverket) presents a unique opportunity for predictive analysis in forensic science, enabling innovative approaches for improving PMI estimation. However, the metabolomic data appears to be large, complex, and potentially nonlinear, making it difficult to interpret. This underscores the importance of effectively employing machine learning algorithms to manage metabolomic data for the purpose of PMI predictions, the primary focus of this project. In this study, a dataset consisting of 4,866 human samples and 2,304 metabolites from the RMV was utilized to train a model capable of predicting the PMI. Random Forest (RF) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were then employed for PMI prediction. Furthermore, feature selection and incorporating sex and age into the model were explored to improve the neural network's performance. This master's thesis shows that ANN consistently outperforms RF in PMI estimation, achieving an R2 of 0.68 and an MAE of 1.51 days compared to RF's R2 of 0.43 and MAE of 2.0 days across the entire PMI-interval. Additionally, feature selection indicates that only 35% of total metabolites are necessary for comparable results with maintained predictive accuracy. Furthermore, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) reveals that these informative metabolites are primarily located within a specific cluster on the first and second principal components (PC), suggesting a need for further research into the biological context of these metabolites. In conclusion, the dataset has proven valuable for predicting PMI. This indicates significant potential for employing machine learning models in PMI estimation, thereby assisting forensic pathologists in determining the time of death. Notably, the model shows promise in surpassing current methods and filling crucial gaps in the field, representing an important step towards achieving accurate PMI estimations in forensic practice. This project suggests that machine learning will play a central role in assisting with determining time since death in the future. Forensic autopsies postmortem interval (PMI) postmortem metabolomics biological systems metabolomic fingerprints postmortem changes National Board of Forensic Medicine RMV Rättsmedicinalverket forensic science PMI estimation machine learning algorithms metabolomic data metabolites Random Forest (RF) Artificial Neural Network (ANN) feature selection Principal Component Analysis (PCA) forensic pathologists forensic practice. Rättsmedicinska obduktioner postmortalt intervall (PMI) postmortal metabolomik biologiska system metabolomiska fingeravtryck postmortala förändringar Rättsmedicinalverket RMV PMI-estimering maskininlärningsalgoritmer metabolomiska data metaboliter Random Forest (RF) Artificiella neurala nätverk (ANN) feature selection Principal Component Analysis (PCA) rättsläkare rättsmedicinsk praxis. Other Medical Engineering Annan medicinteknik
263	Revision of an artificial neural network enabling industrial sorting Malmgren, Henrik January 2019 (has links) Convolutional artificial neural networks can be applied for image-based object classification to inform automated actions, such as handling of objects on a production line. The present thesis describes theoretical background for creating a classifier and explores the effects of introducing a set of relatively recent techniques to an existing ensemble of classifiers in use for an industrial sorting system.The findings indicate that it's important to use spatial variety dropout regularization for high resolution image inputs, and use an optimizer configuration with good convergence properties. The findings also demonstrate examples of ensemble classifiers being effectively consolidated into unified models using the distillation technique. An analogue arrangement with optimization against multiple output targets, incorporating additional information, showed accuracy gains comparable to ensembling. For use of the classifier on test data with statistics different than those of the dataset, results indicate that augmentation of the input data during classifier creation helps performance, but would, in the current case, likely need to be guided by information about the distribution shift to have sufficiently positive impact to enable a practical application. I suggest, for future development, updated architectures, automated hyperparameter search and leveraging the bountiful unlabeled data potentially available from production lines. artificial neural networks machine learning deep learning connectionism pattern recognition machine learning automation image analysis information technology applied mathematics mathematical optimization information theory mathematical statistics mathematical models stochastic models probabilities chance approximations algorithms computer programs computer software signal processing high performance computing numerical methods high technology industries sustainable development artificiella neurala nätverk maskininlärning djup maskininlärning konnektionism mönsterigenkänning automatisering bildanalys informationsteknik tillämpad matematik optimering informationsteori statistisk inferens matematiska modeller stokastiska modeller sannolikhetskalkyl slumpen approximationer algoritmer datorprogram programvara signalbehandling högpresterande beräkningar numeriska metoder teknikutveckling maskinindustri högteknologisk industri maskinhandel skrothandel bärkraftig utveckling Robotics Robotteknik och automation Probability Theory and Statistics Sannolikhetsteori och statistik Other Computer and Information Science Annan data- och informationsvetenskap Signal Processing Signalbehandling

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