AbstractTitle Knowledge integration under uncertainty:A sensemaking perspective on experts’ verbal communicationAuthors Hugo Guyader and Mario KienzlerSupervisors Marie Bengtsson and Christian BerggrenBackground Uncertain situations are characterized by a lack of comprehension,due to a lack of knowledge. It is not possible to know beforehand,what the consequences of an action will be. However, teamsof experts within NPD projects are required to act despite thisuncertainty. Even though they should be paralyzed, the teammembers integrate their individual knowledge and manage to developtechnologically-innovative products or services which answer thecustomers' requirements.Purpose The study analyzes the verbal communication of experts during theknowledge integration process from a sensemaking perspective.The experts are engineers from a NPD project dealing with thedevelopment of a new steam turbine.Definitions Knowledge integration: collective social process which isrequired to integrate distinct but complementary knowledge residingin various individuals, which’s output is integrated knowledge—e.g.embedded in an artifact.Sensemaking: ongoing process of giving meaning to actions,beliefs and events in order to understand their implication in acontext.Experts: trained specialists with experience in one or a few specificfields.Results The experts’ verbal communication is characterized by punctuatedexpecting and frequent arguing. Thereby, arguing is characterizedby questioning, rewording and summarizing. Arguing is seen as themain communicational facilitator during the knowledge integrationprocess.Key words Knowledge integration, uncertainty, sensemaking,verbal communication, new product development.

Background: Caring for patients with dementia at the end of life can be challenging because of the complex nature of the disease. In the later stages of dementia, the patient loses many cognitive functions like communicative skills which leads to difficulties in understanding the patients’ symptoms and needs. Due to these communicative challenges, pain management can be a challenge for the nurse to manage as well. Nurses have the primary responsibility in the care of these patients which is why it is valuable to understand the nurses’ experience of caring for patients with dementia in palliative care. Aim: To describe nurses experience of caring for patients with dementia in palliative care. Method: The study was a literature study with a qualitative approach. Nine scientific articles were chosen from the databases Cinahl and PubMed. The articles were analyzed using Friberg’s five step analysis model. Results: Four major themes were identified during the analysis: Challenging to read and inter-pret non- verbal communication; Challenging to relieve suffering; Relatives both an asset and a challenge and The structure of the organization affected the possibility of good care. Conclusion: The nurses experienced challenges in understanding the patients’ needs because of the patients’ lack of verbal communication, which is why the nurses used their observational skills to read the patients’ non-verbal signs. The nurses felt that there was a need for more training and education for the health care professionals in general to be able to provide a good care to the patients. The relatives of the patients were an asset in understanding the person behind the disease.

SUMMARY: This thesis deals with canine assisted therapy as a support in the development of social skills and communication of children with autism spectrum disorder and is based on the professional literature and analysis of the therapy's influence on the development of personality in individuals with autism spectrum disorder. The introduction describes autism spectrum disorders, emphasising their social characteristics and communication of individuals with autism spectrum disorders. The second part deals with canine assisted therapy, its methods and forms, as well as, its specific pedagogical use. The third part of the thesis studies the case of a boy with autism spectrum disorder who regularly attended canine assisted therapy. This thesis uses the following methodology: analysis of professional literature, participant observation, informal interview, questionnaire, video analysis and the case study data analysis. This thesis concludes in the finding that canine assisted therapy supports the development of social skills and non-verbal communication of children with autism spectrum disorder. The support of canine assisted therapy in the development of verbal communication of children with autism spectrum disorder was not proven. The results gained in this thesis may contribute to a more frequent use of...

The topic of this diploma thesis is communication in adult clients with autism and its systematic support. The text itself consists of two main parts: theoretical and empirical. The theoretical part is further divided into four chapters which deal with the basic concepts of autism spectrum disorders and communication. In these chapters, autism spectrum disorders are analysed from the viewpoint of historical development, etiology, classification and symptomatology with regard to the manifestation of ASD in adulthood. The chapters which deal with the topic of communication first define communication as such and the important terms associated with it, and then describe the specific abnormalities that may occur in the communication of people with autism spectrum disorder. They also provide support options that can be used to communicate with people with ASD. The practical part is then conceived as a qualitative research whose main aim is to describe the communication of people with autism spectrum disorder, to show its specifics and to describe the intervention that was introduced in five individual subjects. In accordance with the main objective, partial objectives and research questions were set. The research part describes the environment in which the research took place and provides five case...

Icke-verbal kommunikation är ett viktigt komplement till det verbala språket, inte främst i utbildningsverksamheter med yngre barn. Syftet med studien är att undersöka en logopeds och en specialpedagogs syn på hur och om icke-verbal kommunikation används medvetet som ett pedagogiskt verktyg i flerspråkiga verksamheter för yngre barn och varför det används. För att ta reda på det har vi genomfört kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med en logoped och en specialpedagog samt utgått från John Deweys pragmatiska perspektiv. Genom arbetet har vi kommit fram till att icke-verbal kommunikation är av vikt för att förstärka och förtydliga det verbala språket och att icke-verbal kommunikation är bra för alla men nödvändigt för vissa. Det är upp till pedagogerna att ha den kunskapen för att använda det med ett tydligt syfte för det individuella barnets skull. Slutsatserna som dras i studien visar bland annat att gester, kroppsspråk och olika former av material används som medveten icke-verbal kommunikation i flerspråkiga verksamheter och detta används i situationer under hela dagen i framför allt samspelssituationer, i interaktion, i situationer där något behöver förtydligas samt när någon kommer till en ny språkig miljö. Detta i syfte att skapa förståelse, göra sig förstådd, förtydliga, kommunicera, uttrycka kommunikation på ett annat sätt och för att fungera språkfrämjande. / Non-verbal communication is an important complement to the verbal language in activities with younger children. The purpose of the study is to investigate the views of a speech therapist and a special education teacher on how and if non-verbal communication is used deliberately as a pedagogical tool in multilingual activities for younger children and why it´s used. To find out, we conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews and based our work on John Deweys pragmatic perspective. We have come to the conclusion that non-verbal communication is important to reinforce and clarify the verbal language and that it´s good for everyone but necessary for some. It´s up to the educators to have knowledge, in order to use it with a clear purpose for the individual child´s sake. Some of the conclusions drawn in the study show that gestures, body language and different types of materials are used as conscious non-verbal communication in multilingual activities and is used in situations throughout the day in mainly interaction situations, in interaction, in situations where something needs to be clarified and when someone comes to a new linguistic environment. This is for the purpose of creating understanding, making oneself understood, clarifying, communicating, expressing communication in a different way and to function as a language promoter.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård kommer dagligen i kontakt med suicidnära patienter och är delaktiga i det suicidpreventiva arbetet. Studier beskriver att sjuksköterskor kan använda sig av sin kunskap, erfarenhet och intuition för att upptäcka att en patient är suicidal. Suicidavsikt kan kommuniceras icke verbalt genom subtila tecken, som kan uppfattas av sjuksköterskan. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av den icke verbala kommunikationen inför ett suicid, för att öka medvetenheten om och förståelsen av detta fenomen vid suicidprevention. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med fenomenologisk hermeneutisk ansats har använts. Sju sjuksköterskor verksamma inom psykiatrisk vård intervjuades om sina erfarenheter av det studerade fenomenet, där intervjumetoden var narrativ och ostrukturerad till sin form. Resultat: Sjuksköterskornas erfarenheter av fenomenet presenteras i sex teman: Att se en förändring hos patienten, Att uppleva patienten som svårtolkad, Att känna patientens existentiella ångest, Att förstå patienten utifrån en helhetssyn, Att se patienten få insikt samt Att uppfatta att patienten gör ett avslut. I den tolkade helhetsförståelsen ger teorier om suicid en djupare förståelse för fenomenet som beskrivs i temana. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskor inom psykiatrisk vård kan uppfatta och tolka icke verbala budskap från patienter som är suicidnära och de kan använda denna kunskap som ett komplement till en suicidbedömning.

<p>The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the implications and challenges of intercultural communication. An in-depth study was performed of the perspectives from people who work within an international organization. How they experience cultural differences and how they handle them, in particular when it comes to communication. Also, their perceptions of communicative competence were explored. The study was carried out at Svalorna India Bangladesh, at the Swedish office in Lund. Svalorna’s staff was interviewed on their experiences of intercultural communication. Both employees at the Swedish office and employees on location in India and Bangladesh were interviewed. The method used in the study was qualitative interviews where the interviewees could expand their answers fully as the interview developed. The main theory used was Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, presented in the thesis and considered in the study. It was concluded that being aware of cultural differences and having knowledge of other cultures but also your own is important for understanding the so-called non-verbal communication in an intercultural situation. There are also differences in to what extent a certain culture uses non-verbal communication. Both India and Bangladesh, according to the interviewees, are high context cultures whereas Sweden has a low context culture. All the interviewees had similar experiences when it comes to intercultural communication. A cultural difference in the perception of time is an example of when verbal communication can be inadequate, if one is not aware of cultural differences. Both India and Bangladesh use polychronic time whereas in Sweden monochromic time is used. This is indeed confirmed by all interviewees. Many of Hofstede’s cultural dimension theories are found to be coherent with the results of this study, for example the Individualism.</p>

The aim of this study is to describe interaction between mothers/ caregivers and their profoundly mentally retarded and multiply handicapped children, and to describe the function of play in communicative interaction. In the study I describe the communicative interaction of six children aged 1:3 to 10 years. The children have been studied in their homes and preschools or schools. Each child had five or six handicaps in addition to their profound retardation. The study is based on interviews with parents, information from naturally-occurring conversations and videoobservations. Meals and play were selected for video-recording. The results indicate that the most important function of play is as a means of communication and learning. Play most often involves sensory stimulation and body play. Communicative interaction is non-verbal and described in terms of gaze/eye contact, facial expressions, gestures and body movements. A pattern of interaction has been found. This consists of four phases: an impression-receiving phase with orientation, an expressive phase with motor activity, a pause with processing and preparation of an answer and finally a break or a limited reaction. These children have, however, a communicative competence. The ability of the mothers to interpret the children’s signals is extremely context-dependent. These mothers adjust their communicative behaviour to the child and facilitate the child’s communicative interaction. The ability of the mothers/ caregivers to interpret the signals of these children is often underestimated by professionals. The living conditions of the parents have emerged as an important factor for play, communication and the development of the child.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabio Serrao Franco.pdf: 601094 bytes, checksum: 8e7117d75bf2537a07611cfdd63f4f07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-11-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper is based on the concept of countertransference. We realized an investigation of the concept of countertransference parting from clinical experiences and dialogs with psychoanalititical authors. We verified that countertransference contains three facets that can help, or even difficult and maybe impair psychoanalytical treatment. The fist form of countertransference investigated was its form as resistance to the analyst. This first form of the phenomena in this study may impede the listening of the analyst although facilitate his theorical elaborations. Secondly, countertransference can present itself as a primitive form of communication, non verbal in essence capable of helping the analyst formulate his interpretations. Last but not least we verified that countertransference is also part of the analyst personality, something before the patients transference and capable installing the process of transference / Este trabalho trata do conceito de contratransferência. Realizamos uma investigação do conceito de contratransferência a partir de experiências clínicas e do diálogo com autores da Psicanálise. Verificamos que a contratransferência possui três facetas que podem auxiliar, dificultar ou mesmo impedir o tratamento psicanalítico. A primeira forma de contratransferência investigada foi a que se mostra como resistência do analista. Esta primeira forma do fenômeno em questão se apresentar pode tanto impedir a escuta do analista quanto favorecer a sua elaboração teórica. Em segundo lugar, a contratransferência pode se apresentar como uma forma de comunicação primitiva e não verbal capaz de auxiliar o analista na formulação de interpretações ou dificultar a escuta. Por fim, verificamos que a contratransferência é, também, parte da personalidade do analista, anterior mesmo à transferência do paciente e capaz de favorecer a instauração da transferência