This work deals with legal aspects of changes in Czechoslovakia in 1938-1939. Firstly, it outlines the historical background and relationships that were being formed during the First Republic. It further deals, in particular, with the constitutional development in course of so-called Munich crisis, i.e. describes plans for rebuilding of Czechoslovakia, as well as adopted measures and the Munich agreement itself that led to reduction of the territory of the state and liquidation of its political and economic independence. It also deals with development of the Second, post-Munich Republic from both internal and international perspective. Regarding internal changes, it points out to creation of autonomous lands, election of president Hácha, adoption of Enabling Act and elections to autonomous assemblies. To make the picture complete, several issues regulated on level of ordinary acts are chosen that demonstrate a shift from principles of humanism and democracy. A part devoted to the international development depicts territorial losses in favor of neighboring countries, effort to obtain guarantees of borders, as well as it mentions forms of forced cooperation with Germany. The end of the work deals with disintegration of the state, i.e. declaration of Slovak independence and invasion in the Czech lands...

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2017-10-13T12:31:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Iuri Ferraz Freiberger_.pdf: 3849098 bytes, checksum: 8620c3f959b1c30f75842d12fc963216 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-13T12:31:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Iuri Ferraz Freiberger_.pdf: 3849098 bytes, checksum: 8620c3f959b1c30f75842d12fc963216 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-28 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / PROSUP - Programa de Suporte à Pós-Gradução de Instituições de Ensino Particulares / Esta pesquisa refere-se a compreensão sobre como atores em processos de produção cultural são habilitados em direção à inovação social. Entende-se habilitação como a capacidade de empoderar-se de técnicas, conhecimentos e relações colaborativas em processos de produção, e considera-se a criatividade e seus efeitos econômicos. Produção cultural para esta pesquisa está relacionada com a geração de produtos e serviços culturais. O objetivo da pesquisa foi encontrar, nos espaços onde produção cultural é desenvolvida, indícios sobre a natureza de habilitação de atores em processos de produção de bens e serviços culturais. O método para este objetivo é oriundo de design estratégico, com suporte de outras abordagens de design, como codesign e infrastructuring, sob o ponto de vista dos ecossistemas criativos. Um artifício metodológico foi a sintetização de uma classe de actantes encontrados nas infraestruturas relacionadas aos meios de produção cultural – nesta pesquisa chamadas de espaços para produção cultural - denominada infraestruturantes: conjunto de artefatos capazes de provocar ação com a finalidade de estimular relações e estratégias em busca de inovação social. Os dados sobre estas relações foram obtidos por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória, contextual e qualitativa, em estudo de casos múltiplos nos espaços onde a produção cultural é identificada. O instrumento principal foi a aplicação de um workshop projetual desenvolvido para esta pesquisa, mediado por um toolkit de objetos tangíveis para estimular a conversação e a discussão sobre projetos, organizações e as relações entre atores. O método ofereceu uma dimensão pouca explorada entre produção cultural e design, aproximando campos de estudos que se sobrepõem mas ainda não apresentam uma literatura aprofundada sobre esta combinação. O toolkit e o workshop tiveram respostas bastante satisfatórias como método de exploração de relações e projetos. Como resultados, pode-se observar que os dados indicam naturezas habilitantes nas infraestruturantes presentes nos espaços de produção cultural, em situações em que há relação de atores com os dispositivos sociotécnicos destes espaços. Os atores percebem estes espaços como lugares de mudança de perspectiva econômica e social por sua participação física em projetos que os capacitam em habilidades durante processos de produção cultural. Também identificam as propriedades habilitantes por meio do relacionamento com profissionais de outras áreas, e, por fim, compreendem uma maior diversidade de opções de escolhas para suas vidas e para o entorno de onde vivem. Os indícios encontrados estão relacionados com efeitos positivos e negativos sobre estas habilitações. / This research refers to understanding how actors in cultural production processes are enabled toward social innovation. Enabling is understood as one’s ability to get awareness about techniques, knowledge and collaborative relationships in production processes, and considers creativity and its economic effects. Cultural production, for this research, means generation of cultural products and services. The objective of the research was to find, in the spaces where cultural production is developed, clues about habilitation in processes of production of cultural goods and services. The method for this purpose comes from strategic design, along with other design approaches such as codesign and infrastructuring, from the perspective of creative ecosystems. A methodological artifact was the synthesis of a class of actants found in the infrastructures related to the means of cultural production, here called infraestruturantes (or same for infrastructure): a set of artifacts capable of provoking action in order to stimulate relations and strategies to enable social innovation. The data on these relations were obtained through an exploratory, contextual and qualitative research, in a multiple case study in the spaces where the cultural production is identified. The main instrument was the application of a projectual workshop, mediated by a toolkit composed by tangible objects, capable to stimulate conversation and discussion about projects, organizations and relations between actors. The method offered a low explored dimension between cultural production and design, approaching fields of studies that overlap but still do not present an in-depth literature on this combination. The toolkit and the workshop had quite satisfactory answers as a method of exploring relationships and projects. As results, it can be observed that the data indicate enabling natures in infrastructures present in the spaces of cultural production, based on the relation of actors and with the sociotechnical resources of these spaces. The actors perceive these spaces as places of change of economic and social perspective by their physical participation in projects that enable them in technical and social skills. The observed infraestruturantes synthesize actions that can provoke diversity of options for their lives and the environment from where they live. The evidence found is related to positive and negative effects on these qualifications.

Submitted by Silvana Teresinha Dornelles Studzinski (sstudzinski) on 2016-06-13T16:22:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Marcelo Miolo de Oliveira_.pdf: 15021363 bytes, checksum: bfd8631b74a6ee6e0787cda5bde4072b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-13T16:22:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caio Marcelo Miolo de Oliveira_.pdf: 15021363 bytes, checksum: bfd8631b74a6ee6e0787cda5bde4072b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-04 / Nenhuma / Diante da crise decorrente da dificuldade dos países em atender interesses sociais e econômicos, surgem novas formas de organização social, como as chamadas comunidades criativas, que buscam solucionar problemas que as afetam ou gerar novas oportunidades. Apesar da expansão de casos como estes, algumas comunidades não conseguem organizar-se e tornarem-se comunidades criativas. A fim de incentivar a colaboração entre membros de comunidades e explorar o potencial que possa surtir destes relacionamentos, trazendo benefícios ao bem-estar social comum, o design estratégico é indicado como um possível agente. Próprio para atuar em ambientes organizacionais, o design estratégico sugere articulações entre atores, técnicas, tecnologias, conhecimentos e disciplinas para satisfazer diferentes necessidades e obter resultados de valor e com efeitos de sentido. Atuando no âmbito da inovação social, utiliza suas habilidades para projetar novos artefatos que estimulem mudanças comportamentais, habilitando os próprios membros das comunidades a solucionarem os problemas existentes ou gerarem novas oportunidades. Para realizar esta mediação com as comunidades, estão as soluções habilitantes, que são sistemas de produtos, serviços, formas de comunicação, entre outras ações para incentivar o desenvolvimento de capacidades e habilidades de membros das comunidades, de modo a cooperarem para alcançar um determinado resultado. A fim de auxiliar no desenvolvimento de tal processo projetual, apoia-se na abordagem de Community Centered Design (CCD), que possui métodos próprios para trabalhar em comunidades e propor soluções projetuais em colaboração com seus membros. Nesse contexto, a presente pesquisa, realizada através de uma pesquisa ação, busca compreender como o design estratégico pode desenvolver uma solução habilitante junto a uma comunidade para estimulá-la a tornar-se uma comunidade criativa. A unidade de análise é a comunidade formada no Centro Comunitário da Vila Gaúcha (CCVG), localizado no Morro Santa Tereza, em Porto Alegre. Como resultados da pesquisa, obteve-se expansão de conhecimento sobre os temas abordados e identificação de diretrizes que podem orientar o processo de desenvolvimento de soluções habilitantes e formação de comunidades criativas. / Faced with the crisis arising from the difficulty of the countries to meet social and economic interests, there are new forms of social organization, such as the so-called creative communities that seek to solve problems that affect them or create new opportunities. Despite the expansion of such cases, some communities can not be organized and become creative communities. In order to encourage collaboration between community members and explore the potential that can be produced of these relationships, bringing benefits to the common welfare, the strategic design is mentioned as a possible agent. Suitable for work in organizational environments, strategic design suggests links between actors, techniques, technologies, expertise and disciplines to meet different needs and achieve results of value and meaning effects. Acting within the framework of social innovation, using their skills to design new devices that stimulate behavioral changes, enabling community members themselves to solve the problems or generate new opportunities. To accomplish this mediation with the communities, are the enabling solutions, which are products systems, services, forms of communication, among other actions to encourage the development of skills and abilities of community members in order to cooperate to achieve a particular result. In order to assist in the development of this design process, supports the approach of Community Centered Design (CCD), which has its own methods for working in communities and propose design solutions in collaboration with its members. In this context, the present research, carried out through an action research seeks to understand how the strategic design can develop an enabling solution with the community to encourage it to become a creative community. The unit of analysis is the community of the Centro Comunitário da Vila Gaúcha (CCVG), located in Morro Santa Tereza, Porto Alegre. As search results, was obtained expansion of knowledge about the subjects and identification of guidelines that can drive the development process of enabling solutions and formation of creative communities.

Dans son rapport rédigé en 2014, le Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France) ouvrait une interrogation d’enjeu majeur : alors même que les connaissances ne cessent de progresser nous sommes de plus en plus confrontés à des crises et des retours de réalité. La diversité et la persistance de leurs manifestations interrogent le monde de la recherche et la société dans son ensemble. Ce questionnement, partagé avec le partenaire industriel avec lequel nous avons engagé cette recherche, nous a conduits à retenir que l’Entreprise était un lieu particulièrement fécond pour aborder cette problématique. Dans ce cadre de recherche partenarial, nous avons retenu d’y contribuer en investiguant la tension entre les espaces saturés de réponses (exigence apocritique) dans lesquels nous opérons, et les retours de réalité auxquels le monde que nous constituons se cogne (exigence problématologique).Notre thèse vise à rendre compte de l’exploration d’un geste critique et réflexif que nous avons mobilisé au service de l’expérimentation sociale. Elle défend une perspective qui peut permettre d’articuler et de travailler le rapport entre « critique » et « possible », en vue de soutenir, le cas échéant, l’émergence de modalités alternatives ou de nouveaux arrangements sociaux auparavant ignorés et qui deviendraient dès lors perceptibles. Cette recherche a été conduite :- avec comme terrain un domaine de gestion emblématique de la GRH à savoir celui du recrutement de nouveaux collaborateurs,- et en lieu et place des acteurs en charge de la direction de celui-ci.En quoi et comment cette typologie d’acteurs, dans ce type de contexte, peuvent-ils soutenir un geste critique et réflexif en vue de permettre des sauts qualitatifs conséquents en matière de relevance sociétale ? S’il pouvait se déployer, ne se traduirait-il pas par des transformations sociales ? Telles sont les questions qui ont guidé notre travail. La recherche présentée a comporté 2 phases : - la première qui a consisté à interroger dans quelle mesure ces « travailleurs du savoir » peuvent ou non déployer un geste critique et réflexif à même de faire émerger de la ressource pour proposer des alternatives.- la seconde qui a pris la forme d’une proposition de reconceptualisation du territoire de la situation de recrutement que nous avons ensuite mise à l’épreuve sur un terrain spécifique, à savoir celui portant sur la famille des « techniciens gaziers ». Elle dégage trois ensembles de résultats :- un premier d’ordre méthodologique dès lors que tout à la fois nous avons retenu une démarche visant à explorer par les possibles et que nous avons opéré en terrain sensible,- un second qui résulte de la mise à l’épreuve de la plasticité des frontières du système des relations industrielles et qui a conduit au déploiement d’une expérimentation sociale d’envergure,- un troisième qui rend compte de l’étude quasi-expérimentale que nous avons réalisée en vue d’expérimenter dans quelle mesure le déploiement d’un environnement capacitant était en mesure d’améliorer la santé psychologique des candidats. / In its report written in 2014, the Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologie (France) faced a major problem: even as knowledge continues to grow, we are increasingly confronted with crises and returns of reality. The diversity and persistence of their manifestations challenge the world of research and society as a whole. This questioning has been shared with the industrial partner with whom we engaged this research. We conclude that the company was a particularly fertile place to address this issue. In this kind of research partnership, we hold on to contribute to the tension between the aeras saturated with responses (apocritical requirement) in which we operate and the returns of reality to which the world encounter (problematic requirement). Our thesis aims the exploration of a critical and reflexive gesture that we have mobilized in the service of social experimentation. It advocates a perspective that allows to work on the relationship between the "critical" and "possible", in order to support the emergence of alternative conditions or new social arrangements that were previously ignored or unseen and would therefore become perceptible. This research has been conducted by using as field an emblematic management situation, namely the recruitment of new collaborators and the actors in charge of it. In which way and how can this typology of actors « knowleadge workers » support a critical and reflexive gesture in order to allow more significant qualitative leaps in terms of societal relevance? If it could be deployed, would it not result in social transformations ? These are the questions that have guided our work. The research we undertook involved two main phases:- The first was to question the extent to which these "knowledge workers" may or may not deploy a critical and reflexive gesture capable of coming up with the resources to propose alternatives.- The second, which proposes to reconceptualize the territory of the recruitment situation, which we then tested on a specific field, namely that of the "gas technicians". Three groups of results have been identified:- a first of a methodological nature since we have both adopted an approach aimed at exploring through the possible and operating in sensitive areas,- a second which results from testing the plasticity of the borders of the industrial relations systems and which has led to the deployment of a large-scale social experimentation,- a third that t reports on a quasi-experimental study conducted to test the extent to which the use of an enabling environment was able to improve the psychological health of candidates. / In seinem Bericht aus dem Jahr 2014 stand der Conseil Supérieur de la Recherche et de la Technologie (CSRT in Frankreich) vor einer großen Herausforderung: Auch wenn das Wissen und die Kenntnisse der Forschug weiter wachsen, sind wir zunehmend mit Krisen und Rückflüssen aus der Realität (retours de realité) konfrontiert. Die Vielfalt und Beständigkeit ihrer Erscheinungsformen wirft Fragen für die Forschungsgemeinschaft und die Gesellschaft als Ganzes auf. Diese Problematik stiess bei dem Industriepartner, mit dem wir diese Forschung durchgeführt haben, ebenfalls auf Gehör. Wir kommen zu dem Schluss, dass das Unternehmen ein optimaler Ort ist, um das Thema anzugehen. In dieser Art von Forschungskooperation möchten wir dazu beizutragen, die Kontroverse, den "Response Mode" (apokritische Anforderung) zu verwenden und die Tatsache mit Rückflüssen aus der Realität konfrontiert zu werden, untersuchen. Unsere Doktorarbeit zielt auf die Erforschung einer kritischen und reflexiven Handlung ab, welche wir zugunsten des sozialen Experimentierens mobilisiert haben. Dieser Blickwinkel ermöglicht es, das Verhältnis zwischen "kritisch" und "möglich" zu artikulieren, um im Anschluss das Entstehen alternativer Vorgehensweisen oder neuer sozialer Agreements zu unterstützen, die bisher ignoriert oder nicht wahrgenommen wurden. Diese Forschung wurde durchgeführt : - durch die Verwendung eines emblematischen Bereichs des Managements (HRM), nämlich der Einstellung neuer Mitarbeiter, - mit den dafür verantwortlichen Schlüsselfiguren. In welcher Weise und wie kann diese Typologie der Akteure (in diesem Kontext) eine kritische und reflexive Geste unterstützen, um bedeutendere qualitative Optimierungen in Bezug auf die gesellschaftliche Relevanz zu ermöglichen? Wenn dies möglich wäre, würde es dann zu sozialen Veränderungen führen? Diese Fragen haben unsere Arbeit begleitet. Die von uns durchgeführte Forschung umfasste zwei Hauptphasen : - die erste bestand darin, das Ausmaß in Frage zu stellen, in dem diese "Wissensarbeiter" eine kritische und reflexive Handlung entfalten können oder auch nicht, um dann in der Lage zu sein, Ressourcen zu entwickeln, die Alternativen hervorbringen können, - die zweite, schlägt eine Rekonstruktion im Bereich der Personaleinstellung vor, die wir dann im bestimmten Berufszweig des "Gastechniker", getestet haben. Drei Typen von Ergebnissen wurden identifiziert : - ein erster methodischer Ansatz, der darauf abzielt, das Mögliche zu erforschen und auf sensiblen "Terrain" tätig zu sein, - ein zweiter, der sich aus der Prüfung der Plastizität der Grenzen des Systems der Arbeitsbeziehungen ergibt und zur Durchführung eines großen sozialen Experiments geführt hat, - ein dritter, der über die von uns durchgeführte quasi-experimentelle Studie berichtet, mit dem Ziel zu testen, inwieweit der Einsatz eines "kapazitätzreichen Umfelds" (enabling environment) die psychische Gesundheit der Kandidaten verbessert und stabilisiert.

L’objet principal de cette thèse concerne le Dossier Patient Informatisé (DPI) dans les hôpitaux, et plus particulièrement les difficultés d’usage après la phase d’implémentation. Notre démarche visait à concevoir, à partir des connaissances académiques en Système d’Information, une méthode permettant aux acteurs de terrain d’agir sur une problématique spécifique. Concrètement nous cherchions à savoir comment améliorer les situations de « misfit », c’est à dire les situations dans lesquelles les professionnels de santé considèrent l’usage du DPI comme inadapté à leur métier. Pour ce faire, nous avons cherché à comprendre le bilan mitigé du DPI dans la littérature en utilisant les travaux d’Adler & Borys (1996) sur le caractère dual de la formalisation du travail induite par la technologie (habilitante ou coercitive). Une technologie habilitante permet de positionner un utilisateur comme source de solutions, alors qu’une technologie coercitive tend à le considérer comme source de problèmes. Dans le premier manuscrit portant sur l’autonomie des professionnels de santé face au système d’information hospitalier, nous avons conclu sur la nécessité d’une formalisation de type habilitante pour améliorer l’usage du DPI. Dans le deuxième manuscrit, nous avons montré que dans les exemples d’expériences négatives du Dossier Patient Informatisé rapportés dans la littérature, il était possible de mettre en évidence les différents aspects d’une formalisation coercitive. Pour argumenter sur le caractère dual de la formalisation du travail induite par le DPI, nous avons rapporté dans le troisième manuscrit une étude empirique illustrative. Nos données montrent que pour un même DPI, dans un même hôpital, il peut exister des îlots de formalisation habilitante. En sortant du seul domaine d’application de la santé, nous avons approfondi les travaux sur la conceptualisation du misfit entre processus d’affaires et Système d’Entreprise (SE) de Strong & Volkoff de 2010, en utilisant les concepts d’affordance et d’actualisation d’affordance utilisés par les mêmes auteurs en 2013 et 2014. Le quatrième manuscrit présente donc un modèle original permettant d’analyser l’usage des technologies de l’information pour un processus d’affaires donné sous la forme d’une combinaison d’actualisations, de non-actualisation ou d’actualisations partielles de multiples affordances du système d’entreprise par de multiples acteurs. Dans une perspective réaliste critique, le misfit est alors la perception par un individu ou un groupe d’individus que cette combinaison ne répond pas à l’ensemble ou à une partie des objectifs du processus de façon satisfaisante. Nous rapportons ensuite comment, dans le cadre d’une recherche-action, nous avons utilisé ce modèle pour améliorer l’usage d’un DPI en post-implémentation dans un hôpital. L’analyse d’une situation de misfit selon notre méthode permet une recombinaison, en recherchant une suite cohérente d’ajustements techniques et organisationnels acceptables pour toutes les parties prenantes et dont l’agencement permet bien la disparition du misfit initial, mais aussi de l’ensemble des misfits révélés pendant l’analyse. Cette recombinaison aboutit alors à une formalisation du travail présentant toutes les caractéristiques d’une formalisation habilitante.La discussion de la thèse aborde les conditions du succès de la méthode, le choix des situations sur lesquelles l’appliquer et les perspectives de recherche qui en découlent. / The main focus of this thesis is the Electronic Patient Record (EPR) in hospitals, and more particularly the difficulties of use after the implementation phase. Our approach aimed to design, with the academic knowledge of Information Systems, a method allowing field actors to act on this specific issue. In concrete terms, we were looking for ways to improve "misfit" situations, i.e. situations in which health professionals consider the use of EPR to be unsuitable for their profession. To do this, we sought to understand the mixed record of EPR use reported in the professional literature, by using the dual nature (enabling or coercive) of technology-induced work formalization (Adler & Borys, 1996). Enabling technology allows a user to be positioned as a source of solutions, while coercive technology tends to consider them as a source of problems. In the first manuscript on the autonomy of health professionals in relation to the hospital information system, we concluded that an enabling formalization is needed to improve the use of EPR. In the second manuscript, we showed that in the examples of negative experiences of the EPR reported in the literature, it was possible to highlight the different aspects of coercive formalization. To argue on the dual nature of the formalization of work induced by EPR, we have reported in the third manuscript an illustrative empirical study. Our data show that for the same EPR, in the same hospital, there may be islets of enabling formalization.Moving beyond the health field of application alone, we have further developed Strong & Volkoff's 2010 conceptualization of the misfit between business process and Enterprise System (ES), using the concepts of affordance and affordance-actualization used by the same authors in 2013 and 2014.The fourth manuscript therefore presents an original model for analyzing the use of information technology for a given business process in the form of a combination of actualizations, non-actualizations or partial actualizations of multiple affordances of the enterprise system by multiple actors. From a critical realistic perspective, misfit is then the perception by an individual or group of individuals that this combination does not satisfactorily meet all or some of the objectives of the process.We then report on how we used this model to improve the use of EPR in post-implementation in an action research project. The analysis of a misfit situation according to our method allows a recombination, by seeking a coherent sequence of technical and organizational adjustments acceptable to all stakeholders and whose arrangement allows the disappearance of the initial misfit, but also of all the misfits revealed during the analysis. This recombination then leads to a formalization of the work that has all the characteristics of an enabling formalization.The discussion of the thesis addresses the conditions for the success of the method, the choice of situations on which to apply it and the resulting research perspectives.

Women are returning to study as mature age students in increasing numbers. Typically, these women have been away from study for a number of years and, in order to gain entrance into a university course most women are required to undertake a bridging program. Bridging programs can provide women with an alternative pathway into university and are designed to develop the academic and study skills required to successfully undertake undergraduate studies. The Women into Science and Technology (WIST) bridging program, offered by Central Queensland University, is a self-paced bridging program which provides a low cost, study at home option specifically designed to accommodate women’s needs. This research focuses on the perceived needs of women who are enrolled in the WIST program. To this end a survey instrument has been developed to identify the needs and challenges of women undertaking the WIST program. This instrument was used to explore the needs and challenges of women enrolled in the WIST program. The survey results revealed that women have a range of needs which include support from the university, development of study and academic skills, personal qualities such as motivation and determination as well as support from their family and personal networks. The results indicate that the university needs to provide a range of support mechanisms and processes. These outcomes were used to develop the Get SET for Study framework that can be used for the planning and design of bridging courses similar to WIST for women who are considering enrolling in university.

<p>The research paper seeks to investigate the possible ways in which African countries can maximise their benefit from the existing special and differential treatment clauses for trade in agriculture, and, then, make recommendations as to what should be the potential bargaining position of African countries with regard to future trade negotiations on agricultural trade.</p>

Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de proposer une nouvelle approche pour appréhender l’accessibilité afin qu’elle offre des opportunités réelles aux personnes de se déplacer et de se développer. Cette orientation de recherche s’est appuyée sur l’approche par les capabilités qui fournit un cadre théorique pertinent et original pour atteindre une accessibilité capacitante, c'est-à-dire qui permette le développement des personnes. Dans cette thèse, le cadre applicatif de l’approche théorique est la mobilité des personnes vieillissantes.Méthodes : Après une présentation de l’approche par les capabilités, un état de l’art sur l’accessibilité et la présentation du contexte applicatif de cette thèse, nous présentons trois recherches, qui utilisent une combinaison de méthodes (i.e. atelier, observations, questionnaires, projection situationnelle, technique des incidents critiques).Résultats : Les résultats de ces recherches permettent de définir l’accessibilité capacitante et de concevoir un modèle pour l’appréhender en ergonomie. Ce modèle met en évidence des déterminants de l’accessibilité capacitante tels que les ressources et les facteurs d’usage (i.e. les facteurs de conversion et les facteurs de choix). De plus, il décrit le processus qui peut amener à des activités contraintes et/ou empêchées.Conclusion : En conclusion, une présentation du modèle développé dans ce travail est proposée ainsi qu’une définition de l’accessibilité capacitante. Ensuite, les perspectives de recherches portent d’une part sur les recherches en conception visant l’accessibilité capacitante, et d’autre part, sur les effets à long terme de l’accessibilité capacitante sur les activités méta-fonctionnelles. / Objective: The objective of this work was to propose a new approach for the understanding of accessibility. Through this approach, accessibility is considered as a number of qualities of environments or activities providing real opportunities for development to people. This line of research was based on the capability approach which provides a unique and relevant theoretical framework to achieve enabling accessibility (i.e. accessibility which offers real development opportunities to people). In this thesis, the application context of enabling accessibility is older adults’ mobility. Methods: After a presentation of the capability approach, a state of the art on accessibility and presentation of the application context of this research, we present three studies, which use a combination of methods (i.e. workshop, observations, survey, situational projection, critical incident technique). Results: The results of this research are used to define a model of enabling accessibility and to clarify its position in ergonomics. This model highlights a number of determinants of enabling accessibility (e.g. resources conversion factors, factors of choice). This model also describes a number of process which can constraint or hamper activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, a presentation of the model develops in this work is proposed as well as a definition of enabling accessibility. The prospects for research focuses firstly on the research design for enabling accessibility, and secondly, on the long-term effects of enabling accessibility on meta-functional activities.Keywords: enabling accessibility, capability approach, freedom of choice, older people, mobility

<p>The research paper seeks to investigate the possible ways in which African countries can maximise their benefit from the existing special and differential treatment clauses for trade in agriculture, and, then, make recommendations as to what should be the potential bargaining position of African countries with regard to future trade negotiations on agricultural trade.</p>

Cette thèse porte sur l’accompagnement d’une transformation organisationnelle d’une entité de maintenance de la signalisation du métro parisien. Dans une visée développementale, le défit est d’outiller les acteurs pour qu’ils soient capables de reconstruire leurs processus de manière capacitante, autonome et durable sur la base des besoins émergents de l’activité transverse. L’intervention a été pensée et outillée comme un processus formatif. Le Laboratoire Développemental (LD) impulse deux niveaux d’enquête transverse. Le LD1 porte sur le travail de production, voire sur la reconception des processus de maintenance (dimension fonctionnelle). Le LD2 porte sur les pratiques sous-jacentes le processus organisant précédemment réalisé (dimension métaréflexive). La place de l’analyse de l’activité et les rôles des l’intervenant capacitant sont également questionnés comme éléments clés pour traduire le potentiel développemental des acteurs (y compris de l’intervenant) et de leurs pratiques en productions effectives. / This thesis presents the design of a model for an ergonomic intervention with developmental and autopoietic aims. It is based on the organizational change of an entity in charge of the signalling devises maintenance for the Parisian subway. Its developmental goal is to empower actors to redesign their work processes in an enabling, autonomous and sustainable way based on the emerging needs of a transversal activity that is to be imagined. The intervention was conceived and equipped as a formative process. The Developmental Laboratory (LD) impels two levels of cross-sectional investigation. The LD1 concerns the production work or even the redesign of maintenance processes (functional dimension). The LD2 deals with the practices underlying the previously organizing process (metaflective dimension). The place ofthe analysis of the activity and the roles of the enabling ergonomist appear as key elements to translate the developmental potential of the actors (ergonomist included) and their practices into actual production.