Objectif : L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était de proposer une nouvelle approche pour appréhender l’accessibilité afin qu’elle offre des opportunités réelles aux personnes de se déplacer et de se développer. Cette orientation de recherche s’est appuyée sur l’approche par les capabilités qui fournit un cadre théorique pertinent et original pour atteindre une accessibilité capacitante, c'est-à-dire qui permette le développement des personnes. Dans cette thèse, le cadre applicatif de l’approche théorique est la mobilité des personnes vieillissantes.Méthodes : Après une présentation de l’approche par les capabilités, un état de l’art sur l’accessibilité et la présentation du contexte applicatif de cette thèse, nous présentons trois recherches, qui utilisent une combinaison de méthodes (i.e. atelier, observations, questionnaires, projection situationnelle, technique des incidents critiques).Résultats : Les résultats de ces recherches permettent de définir l’accessibilité capacitante et de concevoir un modèle pour l’appréhender en ergonomie. Ce modèle met en évidence des déterminants de l’accessibilité capacitante tels que les ressources et les facteurs d’usage (i.e. les facteurs de conversion et les facteurs de choix). De plus, il décrit le processus qui peut amener à des activités contraintes et/ou empêchées.Conclusion : En conclusion, une présentation du modèle développé dans ce travail est proposée ainsi qu’une définition de l’accessibilité capacitante. Ensuite, les perspectives de recherches portent d’une part sur les recherches en conception visant l’accessibilité capacitante, et d’autre part, sur les effets à long terme de l’accessibilité capacitante sur les activités méta-fonctionnelles. / Objective: The objective of this work was to propose a new approach for the understanding of accessibility. Through this approach, accessibility is considered as a number of qualities of environments or activities providing real opportunities for development to people. This line of research was based on the capability approach which provides a unique and relevant theoretical framework to achieve enabling accessibility (i.e. accessibility which offers real development opportunities to people). In this thesis, the application context of enabling accessibility is older adults’ mobility. Methods: After a presentation of the capability approach, a state of the art on accessibility and presentation of the application context of this research, we present three studies, which use a combination of methods (i.e. workshop, observations, survey, situational projection, critical incident technique). Results: The results of this research are used to define a model of enabling accessibility and to clarify its position in ergonomics. This model highlights a number of determinants of enabling accessibility (e.g. resources conversion factors, factors of choice). This model also describes a number of process which can constraint or hamper activity. Conclusion: In conclusion, a presentation of the model develops in this work is proposed as well as a definition of enabling accessibility. The prospects for research focuses firstly on the research design for enabling accessibility, and secondly, on the long-term effects of enabling accessibility on meta-functional activities.Keywords: enabling accessibility, capability approach, freedom of choice, older people, mobility

Submitted by Fabiany Feitosa (fabiany.sousa@ufba.br) on 2016-09-15T18:55:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins , Alan dos Santos.pdf: 2102612 bytes, checksum: d8acc2bcbf7bc1621018676c45e1096e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Angela Dortas (dortas@ufba.br) on 2016-10-13T17:01:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins , Alan dos Santos.pdf: 2102612 bytes, checksum: d8acc2bcbf7bc1621018676c45e1096e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-13T17:01:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martins , Alan dos Santos.pdf: 2102612 bytes, checksum: d8acc2bcbf7bc1621018676c45e1096e (MD5) / Nos últimos anos, a Tecnologia da Informação (TI) assumiu um papel importantíssimo nas organizações públicas brasileiras e seu uso como ferramenta de planejamento estratégico ganhou destaque. Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal identificar fatores limitantes e inibidores para a implantação de um Planejamento Estratégico de Tecnologia da Informação alinhado ao Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional da Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (Univasf). O modelo de análise foi elaborado a partir de uma revisão da literatura sobre o tema fatores habilitadores e inibidores do alinhamento estratégico com a TI. O modelo foi fundamentado nas pesquisas de Luftman et al. (1999) e serviu como base de investigação, combinada com aspectos qualitativos dentro de uma pesquisa exploratória na Univasf. Para a coleta de dados, foi desenvolvido um questionário eletrônico que foi respondido por nove gestores ligados ao Planejamento Estratégico da instituição, bem como gestores ligados ao setor de TI, além de uma entrevista com os principais gestores do planejamento estratégico e do setor de TI. Os resultados obtidos permitiram a identificação de práticas que facilitam e inibem o desenvolvimento de um planejamento estratégico de TI alinhado com os objetivos institucionais. Tais práticas demonstram que a alta gestão da universidade precisa demandar esforços em relação a esses fatores a fim de promover melhorias efetivas no processo de planejamento estratégico de TI da instituição. / Over recent years, Information Technology (IT) has occupied an important role in Brazilian public organizations and its usage as a strategic plan tool has achieved a distinct position. This research aims at identifying the limiting and inhibiting factors for the establishment of a Strategic Plan for Information Technology in consonance with the Institutional Developing Plan of the Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco (Univasf). The analysis model used in this study was based on a review of the specialized literature about the topic “enabling and inhibiting factors for the strategic alignment with IT.” The analysis model was developed according to the studies of Luftman et al. (1999) and such model was used as the basis of this investigation, combined with qualitative aspects of an exploratory research carried out at Univasf. By means of data collection, an electronic questionnaire was created and answered by nine managers associated with the Strategic Plan of Univasf, as well as managers associated with its IT sector; in addition, an interview with the main managers of its Strategic Plan and IT sector was carried out. The results that this study found out allow the identification of practices that facilitate or inhibit the development of an IT strategic plan in consonance with the university’s institutional objectives. Those practices demonstrate Univasf’ top management should gather efforts, regarding such factors, to promote effective improvements in its IT strategic plan process.

Rapid changes in the healthcare environment increase the need for nurse practitioners to be motivated, knowledgeable and skilled in order to ensure quality patient care. Accident and emergency units are challenging environments and by ensuring that nurse practitioners work in an enabling environment, they should be motivated, skilled and knowledgeable and be able to think critically to enhance their own professional growth and emancipated practice. This in turn may increase the nurse practitioners’ job satisfaction, which in turn encourage job retention and may influence patient outcomes positively. A journey towards a shared vision namely “emancipatory practice development” was undertaken in an accident and emergency unit of a Level III public hospital. Following the diagnosis of an emergency situation, action research was applied to change the perceived toxic environment to an enabling environment. The study was conducted within the critical social theory paradigm and descriptive, explorative and contextual in nature. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches were utilised. Throughout the action research for practitioners project, collaboration enhanced the emancipation of the nurse leaders, as key drivers of the process, as well as the nurse practitioners. Short and long-term actions were planned, implemented and amended based on observations and reflection following each cycle of the project. During this process a toxic environment was changed to an enabling environment, in which nurse practitioners were retained and additional spin-offs followed. Guidelines for the application and implementation of the process as utilised in this study were compiled to guide others who experience similar challenges. / Health Sciences / D.Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

The purpose of this study was to describe the utilisation of maternal and child health (MCH) care services by mothers from four selected health facilities in the Balaka District of Malawi. A non- experimental quantitative descriptive research was conducted to determine the knowledge of mothers with regard to MCH services and to identify factors that impact on the utilisation of the MCH care, based on the Andersen’s behavioral model of health services utilization. A combination of proportionate stratified sampling and convenience sampling was used and data was collected by means of self-administered questionnaires. It was found that mothers know the available services and that a number of factors have an impact on the utilisation of health care services. These relate amongst others to educational level, finances and cultural beliefs. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Tourism in England has grown to become an activity worth around £111billion to the English economy, and constituting around 4% of employment. This has led to increasing numbers of local areas becoming involved with tourism development. However local authorities supporting tourism are impacted by financial pressures and pressures for ‘less government’, which are indicative of a ‘managerial paradigm’ which has surrounded public sector management in England. This study has examined the impact of the managerial paradigm on management of tourism at the local level. Using the English cities as a ‘case’, a methodological triangulation of questionnaire and contact with senior management in local authorities involved with tourism policy was used. The findings have led to an important understanding of the current picture concerning public sector management of tourism at the local level. This study has found that tourism is worth over £17billion to the English cities, and supports around 360,000 jobs. The findings suggest that the driving forces that characterised the managerial state continue to impact management of local tourism. This study has also examined the impact of policy changes introduced by the Conservative/Liberal Democratic Coalition government on local tourism. The accession of a new government has led to a significant realignment in public sector engagement with tourism. Policy discourse has stressed government ambition for tourism to be ‘industry-led’ with a ‘re-balancing’ the economy towards the private sector. As a result, this study has found the most significant challenges facing local tourism management centre around financial pressures. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to major changes in departmental structures and tourism managers’ roles. Reductions in tourism budgets are leading to significant pressures on tourism departments to raise income in order to make departments financially viable. This study has found that in some cases local authorities are ceasing to financially-support tourism. This research also suggests that pressure from government for the private sector to increasingly fund tourism partnerships may be difficult to achieve locally. Respondents have argued that high levels of engagement with the private sector already exist locally, and as the private sector in tourism is predominately small businesses there are limitations as to how much such businesses can contribute to marketing partnerships. Policy for the private sector having the ‘majority power’ in the new emerging tourism partnerships may also have implications for the motivation of such partnerships. Doubts have been raised in this study from within the public sector, concerning the ability of local tourism businesses to take ‘responsibility for their own future’ whilst at the same time protecting the public interest. It is concluded that a ‘realignment’ towards more private sector involvement in partnerships brings with it potential consequences if local tourism businesses are unable to ‘increasingly fund’ the new arrangements, and the new tourism bodies are unable to establish a ‘pluralistic’ tourism policy environment in their areas. With evident reductions in local authority budgets, it is legitimate to question the scope of funding that the emerging DMOs will have at their disposal, and thus their ability to deliver local ambitions for tourism development. Therefore, the new tourism partnerships will require careful structuring and management. However, their financial futures will inevitably hinge on the value that the private sector places on the new local tourism arrangement, and their ability to maintain the public interest will depend on striking an appropriate balance of power amongst all stakeholders within the partnership.

L’objet de cette recherche est de proposer des méthodes et des outils de gestion qui permettent de prévenir la dégradation de la santé mentale et somatique des personnes qui travaillent. Les dirigeants et les managers semblent en effet assez démunis face à l’augmentation des troubles appelés « psychosociaux » et ils ne parviennent que rarement àdépasser le stade de l’évaluation des facteurs psychosociaux de risques. Notre thèse est articulée autour de deux recherches-interventions. L’une s’est déroulée dans une PME de conseils aux entreprises et la seconde au sein d’un groupe multinational et coopératif de l’agroalimentaire. En mobilisant notamment des connaissances et desméthodes de l’ergonomie de l’activité, nous avons pu co-construire avec les acteurs des réponses pratiques à leurs besoins initiaux de prévention. Le management n’est plus centré exclusivement sur la personne qui travaille dont on cherche l’adhésion aux projets managériaux. Les encadrants managent le travail et l’autorité devient synonyme d’autorisation de faire du « bon travail ». Pour ce faire, des espaces de discussion sur le travail ont été organisés et les résultats de ces discussions sont institutionnalisés au sein du dispositif de gestion. Finalement, c’est le développement conjoint de l’entreprise et des personnes qui travaillent que cherchent désormais à atteindre les managers. / This research aims at offering management methods and tools to prevent mental and somatic health diseases in the workforce. Chief executive officers and managers appear to be helpless in the face of rising psychosocial disorders and their response rarely goes beyond the assessment stage of psychosocial risks’ factors. This thesis is built upon two research-intervention projects. One took place in a b-to-b smallscale consultancy venture, whilst the second was set in a multinational and cooperative agrifood firm. Researchers and company staff jointly developed practical actions to address their initial need for prevention by transforming situations in using ergon omics-oriented information. Staff management is no longer centered on seeking the agreement of the workforce with managers’ projects. Instead the company executives organize everyone’s occupation by dealing with the gap between the “real done job” and the prescribed one. Authority istranslated into authorization of doing a “well done job”. To this end, allowance for discussions on the occupational organization and ways to do the job has been made, and results of those discussions are formally integrated in the management device. Overall, managers are now aiming for the joint personal development of staff in addition to the firmdevelopment.

Cette thèse porte sur un dispositif de traitement clinique de la précarité : le Carrefour Santé Mentale Précarité du Centre Psychothérapique de l’Ain. Ce dispositif, créé dans le cadre des politiques publiques d’accès à la prévention et aux soins (article 71 de la loi du 29 juillet 1998 d’orientation relative à la lutte contre les exclusions), met en réseau des professionnels de la santé mentale (travailleurs sociaux, infirmiers, psychiatres, psychologues, cadres infirmiers) qui partagent le même souci de se tenir au chevet d’individus présentant un mal-être psychique en lien avec une impossibilité, récente ou plus ancienne, de s’affirmer sujet de leur propre vie. A partir de l’analyse des pratiques - d’accueil, de prise en charge, d’accompagnement, d’orientation - de ces cliniciens de la précarité ainsi que de l’analyse des modalités de cadrage de ces pratiques - organisation des activités, corpus doctrinaux de référence, modalités d’évaluation des pratiques professionnelles -, il s’agit de comprendre, d’une part, comment se reconfigurent les dispositifs de protection issus des nouvelles politiques de l’Etat social actif concernant la lutte contre l’exclusion sociale et, d’autre part, comment se transforment les processus d’individuation qui sous-tendent ces pratiques et dispositifs.La thèse met en évidence l’émergence de collectifs d’intervention qui, par un travail de reconnaissance du parcours de vulnérabilité des personnes en situation de précarité, engagent une pratique spécifique de soin qui relève du care. A partir de la clinique psychosociale de la perte des attachements de la personne, l’enjeu consiste à maintenir et/ou réparer la sociabilité des personnes en situation de précarité. Les cliniciens de la précarité développent une pratique que nous pourrions qualifier d’écologique dans le sens où ce qui constitue l’adresse du lien à étayer n’est déterminé que par l’individu lui-même en lien avec tout ce qui le relie au monde. Son corps, sa subjectivité et l’ensemble des êtres et objets présents dans son environnement (famille, culture, travail, droits, santé, argent, etc.) forment les principaux supports de l’intervention. Pour connaître ce par quoi la personne en souffrance tient et se tient dans la société, les cliniciens se mobilisent en réseau, partagent la connaissance qu’ils ont de la personne et, ce faisant, se font collectivement ethnographes de ses attachements, quitte à mobiliser dans cette ethnographie personnalisée tous les corpus doctrinaux ressources et toutes les épistémologies (sociologie, anthropologie, psychologie, médecine, santé publique, économie, philosophie, etc.) leur permettant de mieux situer/comprendre ces attachements. A travers cette clinique en réseau, les cliniciens tentent de maintenir une forme collective de solidarité thérapeutique où les bénéficiaires de l’intervention ne sont plus tant considérés comme autonomes et abstraits qu’interdépendants et concrets. La description analytique détaillée de cette nouvelle forme de traitement clinique nous permet de montrer comment les politiques de santé mentale au front de l’exclusion ne peuvent plus être interprétées seulement en termes de prestations sociales et d’offres de soin qu’il s’agirait de redistribuer en contrepartie de l’activation des individus, mais plutôt comment elles correspondent aussi, du fait de l’engagement de certains cliniciens, à de nouvelles manières de penser et d’assurer le maintien de ces individus en reconnaissant à la fois leurs droits et les multiples formes d’attachements qui les relient au monde. / This thesis concerns an instrument for the clinical treatment of social vulnerability known as the “Mental Health and Social Vulnerability Crossover Tool”. Based at the Ain Psychiatric Hospital, this instrument, set up under the framework of government policy on access to prevention and health care services (article 71 of the French law dated 29 July 1998 on guidelines for social exclusion management), is composed of a network of mental health professionals (social workers, nurses, psychiatrists, psychologists, health managers) who share the same desire to support individuals with psychological suffering resulting from a recent, or more distant, inability to assert themselves as subjects of their own life. An analysis of the practices (reception, assistance, support, counseling, referral) adopted by these clinicians as well as an analysis of how their practices are formalized (organization of activities, reference bodies of doctrine, methods for assessing professional practices) will be used to examine two issues: how both protection systems resulting from the enabling State’s new policies to fight social exclusion, and the underlying individuation processes are transformed.This thesis highlights the emergence of collectives of action who work to recognize the paths of people in social vulnerable situations, employing a very specific clinical practice which falls into the realm of care. The aim was to maintain and/or recover the sociability of persons in socially vulnerable situations based on the psychosocial approach of the loss of attachments. Clinicians have developed what can be qualified as ecological practice, in that the benefit of the link to be reinforced is determined by the individual themselves, in relation to all the supports which connect them to the world. Their body, its subjectivity and all the beings and objects present in their environment (family, culture, work, rights, health, money, etc.) form the basis for this intervention. In order to find out what binds the person in difficulty to and gives them a place in society, the clinicians work as a network, sharing their knowledge of the person and, in doing so, act as ethnographers of the person's attachments, using all the reference bodies of doctrine and epistemologies (sociology, anthropology, psychology, medicine, public health, economy, philosophy etc.) to better situate/understand these attachments. This clinical practice in a network helps clinicians to preserve a form of collective therapeutic solidarity in which the beneficiaries of the intervention are no longer considered as independent and abstract but rather interdependent and concrete.A detailed analytical description of this new form of clinical treatment will allow us to show how mental health policies at the forefront of the fight against exclusion cannot be interpreted purely in terms of social services and care provision, redistributed in exchange for the activation of individuals. They must also be considered in terms of how they also correspond - thanks to the work of convinced clinicians - to new ways of thinking and to ensuring the preservation of these individuals, both by recognizing their rights and the multiple attachments that connect them to the world.

Magister Legum - LLM / The research paper seeks to investigate the possible ways in which African countries can maximise their benefit from the existing special and differential treatment clauses for trade in agriculture, and, then, make recommendations as to what should be the potential bargaining position of African countries with regard to future trade negotiations on agricultural trade. / South Africa

Le développement du Capital Emotionnel pour un Mindful Management et une Qualité de Vie au Travail : une approche de la prévention des risques psycho-sociaux, du stress en particulier, par la psychologie positive et la thérapie de l’acceptation et de l’engagement (ACT) chez les apprentis aides-soignants et futurs personnels éducatifs / The development of Emotional Capital for Mindful Management and Quality of Life at Work: an approach to prevention of psychosocial risks, stress in particular, positive psychology via the acceptance and commitment therapy approach for apprentices carers and futur educators

Through education, a society hopes to reproduce itself, and through architecture a society reveals it’s values, aspirations, norms, beliefs and its cultural composition in the built environment. The first democratic elections in 1994 marked the end of the apartheid era and the beginning of the definition of a new era that would represent the new aspirations of all the people of South Africa. These fairly recent changes are important for the reshaping of the architectural profession as it seeks to interpret new meanings, views and aspirations of the new South African society in the built environment. A starting point in the transformation of the architecture profession is the development of a curriculum model in schools of architecture that will ensure continuous adaptation to the changes in society. The study reviewed and categorized the contemporary curriculum models as used in the South African schools of Architecture according to an array of philosophies and principles that underlie curricula. The Thesis proposes that an eclectic approach to design of architecture curricula is ideal for the multicultural society of South Africa that seeks to balance the demands of the local and global context in its education. This study revealed that most architecture programmes retain their traditional programmes because the university is the largely the locus of learning, experiential learning is minimal as well as little flexibility as most of the learning course- modules are required modules. The Thesis proposes a curriculum model for architecture based on the Post-Modern philosophy, which can effectively accommodate the needs of a changing South Africa in the educational programmes for architects. Such a model defines with clarity the pedagogic or epistemological reasons for directing change in architecture programmes in an increasingly complex and dynamic South African society. / Thesis (PhD (Architecture))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Architecture / unrestricted