Nanotecnologia é o conjunto de conhecimentos acumulados pelo homem que permite controlar a produção de estruturas com uma ou mais dimensões nanométricas. Desde seus primórdios na década de 70, a nanotecnologia tem estado em constante ascensão, encontrando uma diversidade enorme de aplicações, como por exemplo em medicina e na indústria optoeletrônica. Por consequência, a demanda por equipamentos tanto de preparo como de caracterização/controle tem crescido exponencialmente. O uso da radiação X no estudo de dispositivos nanoestruturados tem sido, em grande parte, possível gra- ças as fontes síncrotrons com feixes intensos. Mas a disponibilidade desses laboratórios de alta tecnologia está aquém da crescente demanda das pesquisas em nanotecnologia, as quais precisam de técnicas de análise estrutural rápidas e de fácil acesso para otimização e controle da produção de dispositivos nanoestruturados. Com foco nessa falta por técnicas de análise estrutural, esta dissertação tem como objetivo avaliar quais parâmetros básicos de nanodispositivos, com substratos monocristalinos, podem ser investigados por meio de técnicas de difração de raios X utilizando fontes compactas de radiação, bem como avaliar as limitações instrumentais. / X-ray radiation has provided a powerful tool for analyzing the structure of materials at atomic scale. While many are fascinated with the perspectives oered by advanced X-ray sources, the practical aspects of these perspectives in the actual and future scenery of nanotechnology needs to be discussed. Nanotechnology, i.e. the capacity of controlling matter at atomic-molecular scales and manufacturing structures with dimensions of a few tens of nanometers, has provided a constant challenge for structural analysis via X-ray techniques. The great diversity of materials and methods derived from nanotechnology is generating a huge demand for time of analysis, much beyond of that can be supplied by synchrotron facilities worldwide. In optimizing nanostructured materials and devices processing methods, fast and easy-access techniques to control and characterization are required. Microscopy and spectroscopy techniques are very important in this scenery, but they have intrinsic limitations that have justied the search for high-resolution techniques of structural analysis, such as those obtained by diraction of X-rays. The use of Xradiation in the study of nanostructured device has been possible by synchrotron sources due to the high intense beams. But the availability of these high tech laboratories falls short of the growing demand for nanotechnology research. In this context, this dissertation intend evaluate which basic parameters of nanodevices with single crystal substrates can be investigated by techniques of X-ray diraction using compact radiation sources as well how to evaluate the instrumental limitations .

Connaitre et appréhender les mécanismes de la diversification des espèces est important pour la gestion des écosystèmes, la prévision des impacts des changements climatiques et la compréhension de la biodiversité actuelle et passée. Le but de cette thèse est de comprendre et de déceler les mécanismes génétiques à l’origine de la diversification des espèces en présence de flux de gènes. Cette thèse se focalise sur le modèle biologique Symphonia globulifera, qui compte deux écotypes : le S.globulifera spécialiste de la terra firme et le S.sp1, spécialiste des bas-fonds. Ces deux écotypes montrent une faible différenciation génétique, malgré la présence de deux phénotypes différents.Une première étape a été de mettre en évidence la présence d’une adaptation locale au sein de cette espèce, par le biais d’une expérimentation de jardins de transplantation réciproques, permettant d’expliquer la répartition des écotypes dans leur habitat naturel. Ensuite, dans le but d’identifier les mécanismes sous-jacent à cette adaptation locale, j’ai testé l’hypothèse que la méthylation des gènes pourrait être une marque de l’épigénétique contribuant à la divergence des écotypes, par l’utilisation d’enzyme sensibles à la méthylation dans un protocole de génotypage AFLP. Enfin, un séquençage haut-débit du transcriptome des écotypes en jardins de transplantation réciproques m’a permis de mettre en évidence une expression différentielle des gènes entre les écotypes, qui pourrait expliquer les différences phénotypiques observées entre les écotypes malgré une faible différentiation génétique. Ces travaux de thèse s’appuie, ainsi, sur des données de traits phénotypiques, de génotypage AFLP et de séquençage à haut débit du transcriptome pour montrer la valeur importante de la régulation des gènes dans la divergence des écotypes adaptés localement, et un faible rôle de la méthylation de l’ADN dans l’établissement cette adaptation locale. / Understanding of the mechanisms driving diversification of species is a significant way to improve the management of ecosystems, predict the impacts of climate change and understand the actual and past biodiversity level. The aim of this thesis is to understand and comprehend genetic mechanisms behind the diversification of species in the presence of gene flow. This thesis is focused on the biological model Symphonia globulifera, which presents two ecotypes: the S.globulifera, specialist of seasonally flooded lowlands and S.sp1, specialist of terra firme. These two ecotypes show low genetic differentiation, despite the presence of two apparent phenotypes. A first part of this thesis was to test the presence of local adaptation of this using reciprocal transplant experiment gardens, allowing the understanding of the ecotypes distributions in their natural habitats. Then, this local adaptation in the presence of gene flow, directed me to the regulation of gene methylation in order to see the role this brand of epigenetics can have in the divergence of the ecotypes. In a third part of the thesis, new generation sequencing of the transcriptome ecotypes in reciprocal gardens transplantations allowed me to show the evidence of gene regulation to differentiate the ecotypes. This work thesis is based on phenotype records data, AFLP genotyping and high-throughput sequencing of the transcriptome, in order to show the important value of gene regulation in the divergence of the locally adapted ecotypes, and a weak role of DNA methylation in the establishment of local adaptation.

La survie et la croissance des plantes sont essentielles afin d’assurer l’efficacité des protocoles de phytoremédiation et la décontamination des friches contaminées. La survie des saules et leur adaptation aux contaminants dépendent de la nature et de la concentration des contaminants. L’objectif de l’étude est d’identifier les cultivars ayant les meilleurs rendements, mais aussi de déterminer si la provenance des boutures (milieu contaminé ou milieu non contaminé) pourrait influencer la survie, la croissance et la phytoextraction (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) des saules. Nous avons comparé ces différents paramètres pour des boutures de dix cultivars de saules dans un milieu industriel fortement contaminé par les composés organiques et dans un milieu non-contaminé. Les variations dans la réponse des cultivars selon la provenance des boutures (milieu contaminé ou milieu non-contaminé) ont aussi été analysées dans chacun des sites d’étude. Selon nos résultats, le cultivar ˈ5005ˈ (Salix alba) est très productif en milieu extrêmement contaminé. Le cultivar ˈS25ˈ (Salix eriocephala) est aussi un choix très intéressant en phytoremédiation, puisqu’il produit près de deux fois plus de biomasse racinaire comparativement aux autres cultivars. La provenance des boutures n’a pas d’impact significatif sur la survie, la croissance et la phytoextraction pour la majorité des cultivars sauf pour le cultivar ‘Millbrook’, où les individus provenant du milieu contaminé ont produit significativement plus de biomasse aérienne lorsqu’ils poussaient en sol contaminé comparativement aux individus qui n’ont jamais été en contact avec les contaminants. Ces résultats pourraient aider à planifier des protocoles de phytoremédiation plus efficaces, en sélectionnant les cultivars de saule les plus adéquats et en élaborant l’échantillonnage des boutures utilisées dans les sites appropriés. / Plant survival and growth are essential parameters to monitor the effectiveness of phytoremediation protocols and the eventual decontamination of brownfields. The ability of different willow cultivars to survive and adapt to contaminants in polluted soils depends on the nature and concentration of the contaminants. The objective of the study was to identify the cultivars with the highest yields, but also to determine whether the origin of the cuttings (contaminated site or not) might influence survival, growth and phytoextraction of willow cultivars. We compared survival, growth and phytoextraction (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) of cuttings of ten willow cultivars in a highly organic-contaminated industrial environment and in an uncontaminated soil. Variations in the response of the cultivars according to the origin of the cuttings were also analyzed for each sites. According to our results, cultivar ˈ5005ˈ (Salix alba) was very productive in an extremely contaminated environment. Cultivar ˈS25ˈ (Salix eriocephala) was also a relevant choice, as it produced nearly twice more root biomass compare to other cultivars. The origin of the cuttings did not have significant influence on survival, growth and phytoextraction for almost all cultivar except the ˈMillbrookˈ cultivar: individuals originating from the contaminated environment produced significantly more aboveground biomass when growing in the contaminated environment compared to individuals who had never been in contact with contaminants. These results could help build more effective phytoremediation protocols in highly contaminated environments by selecting adequate willow cultivars and sampling cuttings in an appropriate environment.

Abstract Radio resource management techniques for broadband wireless systems beyond the existing cellular systems are developed while considering their special characteristics such as multi-carrier techniques, adaptive radio links and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques. Special focus is put on the design of linear transmission strategies in a cooperative cellular system where signal processing can be performed in a centralised manner across distributed base station (BS) antenna heads. A time-division duplex cellular system based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with adaptive MIMO transmission is considered in the case where the received signals are corrupted by non-reciprocal inter-cell interference. A bandwidth efficient closed-loop compensation algorithm combined with interference suppression at the receiver is proposed to compensate for the interference and to guarantee the desired Quality of Service (QoS) when the interference structure is known solely at the receiver. A greedy beam ordering and selection algorithm is proposed to maximise the sum rate of a multiuser MIMO downlink (DL) with a block zero forcing (ZF) transmission. The performance of the block-ZF transmission combined with the greedy scheduling is shown to approach the sum capacity as the number of users increases. The maximum sum rate is often found to be achieved by transmitting to a smaller number of users or beams than the spatial dimensions allow. In addition, a low complexity algorithm for joint user, bit and power allocation with a low signalling overhead is proposed. Different linear transmission schemes, including the ZF as a special case, are developed for the scenario where the cooperative processing of the transmitted signal is applied to users located within a soft handover (SHO) region. The considered optimisation criteria include minimum power beamformer design; balancing the weighted signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) values per data stream; weighted sum rate maximisation; and balancing the weighted rate per user with additional QoS constraints such as guaranteed bit rate per user. The method can accommodate supplementary constraints, e.g., per antenna or per BS power constraints, and upper/lower bounds for the SINR values of the data streams. The proposed iterative algorithms are shown to provide powerful solutions for difficult non-convex transceiver optimisation problems. System level evaluation is performed in order to assess the impact of a realistic multi-cell environment on the performance of a cellular MIMO-OFDM system. The users located in the SHO region are shown to benefit from greatly increased transmission rates. Consequently, significant overall system level gains result from cooperative SHO processing. The proposed SHO scheme can be used for providing a more evenly distributed service over the entire cellular network.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka vilka strategier och metoder forskningen förespråkar för undervisningen i läsförståelse för att främja elevers utveckling. Vilka undervisningsmodeller förespråkar forskningen i undervisningen av läsförståelse? Resultatet i denna litteraturstudie visar att lä rares kunskap ä r en viktig faktor i undervisnigen fö r att eleverna ska nå framgång i sin läsförståelse. Resultatet visar också att det finns flera olika metoder och strategier som lärare kan använda sig av i sin undervisning för att skapa en utvecklande miljö som ger positiva effekter på elevernas läsförståelse. Forskare förespråkar den dialogiska undervisningen där läsförståelsestrategier och interaktion står i centrum.

La production agricole doit augmenter à un rythme jamais atteint pour faire face à la forte hausse attendue de la demande alimentaire. La sélection génomique (SG) pourrait y contribuer en donnant la possibilité de sélectionner des individus uniquement sur leur génotype, rendant ainsi l'amélioration génétique des rendements plus efficace. L'amélioration actuelle de la production du palmier à huile, première plante oléagineuse au monde, se fait par sélection récurrente réciproque pour produire des hybrides. L'intégration de la SG à ce schéma aurait des retombées majeures. Cette thèse vise à évaluer le potentiel de la SG pour prédire les aptitudes à la combinaison hybride dans les populations parentales (Deli et groupe B).Des données du dernier cycle d'amélioration ont permis d'obtenir la première estimation empirique de la précision de la SG. Malgré les petites populations disponibles pour calibrer le modèle génomique, cette étude a montré qu'avec des candidats à la sélection apparentés à la population de calibration (plein-frères, descendants), la précision était suffisante pour faire une présélection sur certaines composantes du rendement dans le groupe B. Par ailleurs, des simulations sur quatre générations ont montré que, pour plusieurs stratégies de SG (en particulier avec une calibration faite uniquement à la première génération en incluant des génotypes d'hybrides), la précision de sélection chez les individus non testés en croisement était suffisante pour sélectionner des parents uniquement sur leur génotype. Ceci a abouti à une augmentation de plus de 50% du gain génétique annuel. Une augmentation pus rapide de la consanguinité a aussi été mise en évidence, mais elle pourrait être limitée par des méthodes classiques de gestion de la consanguinité. Finalement, les données expérimentales et simulées indiquent que la SG pourrait diminuer l'intervalle moyen de génération et accroître l'intensité de sélection, accélérant ainsi considérablement le progrès génétique sur le rendement en huile de palme. Un schéma de sélection génomique récurrente réciproque est proposé pour le palmier à huile. Son application nécessite de confirmer expérimentalement les simulations en estimant sur plusieurs générations la précision de sélection sans recalibration du modèle. Ces futures recherches devraient utiliser les nouveaux modèles de SG, potentiellement plus efficaces (prise en compte des effets non additifs ou d'informations a priori sur les effets des marqueurs, etc.). / Agricultural production must increase at an unprecedented rate to meet the strong growth expected in food demand. Genomic selection (GS) could contribute to reaching this goal by allowing selection of individuals on their sole genotype, making breeding more efficient. Breeding for yield in oil palm, the first oil crop in the world, is currently based on hybrid production by reciprocal recurrent selection. The integration of GS to this scheme would have major repercussions. This thesis aims to assess the potential of GS to predict hybrid combining abilities in parental populations (Deli and group B). Data from the last breeding cycle were used to obtain the first empirical estimate of GS accuracy. Despite the small populations available to calibrate the genomic model, the study showed that with candidates related to the training population (sibs, progenies), the accuracy was sufficient to make a pre-selection in the group B on some yield components. In addition, simulations over four generations showed that the accuracy of several GS strategies (especially when training the model only in the first generation using hybrid genotypes) was high enough for non progeny tested individuals to allow selecting among them on their genotype. This resulted in an increase of more than 50% of annual genetic gain compared to traditional breeding. A faster increase in inbreeding was also demonstrated, but this could be limited by conventional methods of inbreeding management. Finally, the experimental and simulated data indicated that GS could reduce the average generation interval and increase the selection intensity, vastly speeding up the genetic progress for oil palm yield. A recurrent reciprocal genomic selection scheme was suggested for oil palm. Its application requires an experimental confirmation of the simulations, by estimating GS accuracy over several generations without retraining the model. Future research should use new GS models, potentially more effective (taking into account non additive effects or a priori information on marker effects, etc.).

L’altruisme réciproque, le mécanisme le plus vraisemblable expliquant l’existence de la coopération entre individus non-apparentés, peut être modélisé par le Dilemme du Prisonnier. Ce jeu prédit que la coopération devrait évoluer lorsque les joueurs prévoient d’interagir ensemble à maintes reprises et adoptent des stratégies conditionnelles telles que «Tit-For-Tat» ou Pavlov. Bien que la coopération soit à la source de toutes sociétés humaines, celle-ci est rarement observée chez les animaux. Une explication plausible serait que ces derniers sont plus impulsifs que les humains. Plusieurs études ayant évalué les effets de l’impulsivité sur la coopération ont en effet trouvé un impact négatif du phénomène de « discounting » sur la réciprocité. Néanmoins, l’impulsivité n’est pas un concept unitaire et le rôle de l’impulsivité motrice, une autre facette de l’impulsivité, reste inexploré, alors qu’elle pourrait également restreindre la coopération en altérant la capacité des individus à ajuster de manière flexible leur comportement face aux décisions prises par leur partenaire. En effet, l’impulsivité motrice se définit comme étant l’incapacité à inhiber un comportement qui n’est plus approprié suite à un changement de situation et est donc contreproductif (Broos et al., 2012; MacLean et al., 2014). Pour résoudre cette hypothèse, nous avons mené une expérience avec des diamants mandarins (Taenyopigia guttata) que nous avons appariés en fonction de leur niveau d’impulsivité motrice, puis nous les avons fait jouer dans un Dilemme du Prisonnier Alterné. Tel qu’attendu, nous avons trouvé que la coopération mutuelle survenait plus fréquemment entre les partenaires autocontrôlés que les paires d’individus impulsifs, ce qui serait dû à une différence entre les stratégies employées par les deux types d’individus. Plus précisément, les individus autocontrôlés utilisaient une stratégie « Generous TFT », tel que prédit par la théorie, alors que les oiseaux impulsifs choisissaient de coopérer avec une probabilité fixe, laquelle était indépendante de la décision précédemment prise par le partenaire. Si l’incapacité des individus impulsifs à utiliser des stratégies réactionnelles est due à une capacité de la mémoire de travail réduite, nos résultats pourraient alors contribuer à expliquer les différences interspécifiques qui existent au niveau des comportements coopératifs. / Reciprocal altruism, the most probable mechanism for cooperation among unrelated individuals, can be modelled as a Prisoner’s Dilemma. This game predicts that cooperation should evolve whenever the players, who expect to interact repeatedly, adopt conditional strategies. Yet, experimental data suggest that reciprocity would be rare in animal societies, maybe because animals, compared to humans, are very impulsive. Several studies examining the effect of impulsiveness on cooperation have indeed found a negative impact of temporal discounting. On the other hand, the role of impulsive action, another facet of impulsiveness, remains unexplored, though it could also impede cooperation by affecting the capacity of individuals to flexibly adjust their behaviour to their partner’s decision. To address this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with zebra finches (Taenyopigia guttata) that were paired assortatively with respect to their level of impulsive action and then played an Alternating Prisoner’s Dilemma. As anticipated, we found that mutual cooperation occurred more frequently between self-controlled partners than between impulsive ones, a difference that was caused by differences in the strategy used by both types of individuals. Specifically, self-controlled individuals used a Generous TFT strategy, as predicted by theory, whereas impulsive birds chose to cooperate with a fixed probability, which was independent of their partner’s previous decision. If the inability of impulsive individuals to use reactive strategies are due to their reduced working memory capacity, our findings might contribute to explaining interspecific differences in cooperative behaviour.

Quels sont les « savoirs ancestraux » des « peuples et nations indigènes » reconnus par la Constitution adoptée par l'Équateur en 1998? L’étude ethnographique d’une communauté kayambi permet de mieux comprendre comment la dynamique des mutations à l’œuvre dans cette société porte et est portée par la parole mythique et rituelle. Elle montre comment, d’années en années, à la fin juin, les rituels associés à la fête de San Pedro se perpétuent en dépit des changements qui affectent les conditions de vie des Kayambi et pourquoi l’Aya-Uma, figure centrale de ces rituels et synthèse de l'histoire de l'imaginaire kayambi, n'est pas qu'une figure du patrimoine. La parole mythique recueillie auprès des Kayambi lors de très nombreux entretiens a permis de reconstituer un système associant aussi bien les thèmes introduits par l’évangélisation que ceux de l’univers aquatique des Apus ou les éléments de la faune et de la flore. Cette parole ambivalente s’est révélée peuplée de figures elles-mêmes ambivalentes telles que la Chificha, le Condor, Sanson, ou le Chisilongo.Lorsque les Kayambi disent leurs mythes et performent leurs rites ils produisent, pour leur propre communauté, l’expression de leur réalité du moment. Ce faisant ils interprètent leur propre histoire en tant que groupe social communautaire et, parce qu’ils sont en contact avec lui, celle du groupe social plus large que constitue l’Equateur. Les institutions kayambi, à la fois héritage des contraintes coloniales et éléments, constamment réinventés, de l’organisation sociale, constituent un ensemble dont chaque composante ne peut fonctionner isolément.Les paroles mythiques et rituelles des Kayambi portent un ensemble de savoirs correspondant à une médiation sociopolitique collective dont les actes ne se réduisent pas aux moments rituels mais s’étendent à l’ensemble des relations. La préservation de ces savoirs, condition de survie du système social kayambi, repose sur la faculté de transmettre les récits mythiques et d’accomplir les rites. / What are the "traditional knowledge" of the "indigenous peoples and nations" recognized by the 1998 Ecuador Constitution?The ethnographic study of a Kayambi community allows to understand how the dynamics of the changes is carried through mythical and ritual speech. Year after year, in late June, the rituals associated with the festival of San Pedro are perpetuated despite changes that affect the lives and situation of the Kayambi and why Aya-Uma, the central figure of these rituals and a representational synthesis of the history of the Kayambi, and not only a simple patrimonial figure.Mythical speech collected from Kayambi during interviews lends to the reconstruction of a complexe system combining themes introduced by evangelization and the underwater world of the Apus, or elements of fauna and flora. This ambivalent speech is populated by ambivalent figures such as Chificha, Condor, Sanson or Chisilongo.When Kayambi speak their myths and perform their rites they express the reality of the moment for their own community. In so doing they interpret not only their own history, as a social group but the wider social group they are in contact with, that is the nation of Ecuador itself. The Kayambi institutions, both legacy of the colonial coercive order and restructuring elements, constantly reinvent kayambi social organization as a set. They cannot be considered in isolation.Mythical and ritual expressionss should be considered as complementary knowledges acting as a socio-political mediation. Their acts are not confined to ritual moments but extend to all social relations. Thus the preservation of this knowledge is a survival condition of Kayambi social system.

This article examines a pattern of inter-community parties in a contemporary indigenous group, the Wari’ of Rondônia, Brazil. In rituals structured around acts and symbols of transgression, punishment, predation and death, Wari’ negotiate their relations with allies and potential allies. In a "fractal" pattern of sociality, this ritual encounter is replicated at other levels, in human relations with the spirit world, the world of ancestors and animals. These rituals are a key mediator of social reproduction (in relations among Wari’ communities) and biological reproduction (in relations with the spiritual forces that control aspects of subsistence and human death). Holding in tension simultaneous possibilities for cooperation and opposition, this framework for inter-group relations conceived as symbolic rivalry and voluntary reciprocal predation allows communities to cultivate and terminate political affiliations and commitments in response to changing circumstances. These ritual encounters play an important role in exchanges of information, and in defining and maintaining networks of flexible alliances and the possibility of mobility, which in the past helped Wari’ cope with historical pressures of inter-ethnic violence and epidemics. / El presente artículo analiza un patrón de fiestas intercomunidades en el caso de un grupo nativo contemporáneo: los wari’ de Rondônia, Brasil. Los wari’ manejan sus relaciones con aliados y potenciales aliados en rituales estructurados alrededor de actos y símbolos de trasgresión, castigo, depredación y muerte. En un patrón social "fractal" —es decir, un patrón con una estructura básica que se repite en diferentes escalas— estos encuentros rituales intercomunidades son llevados a otras dimensiones en las relaciones humanas con el mundo espiritual, el mundo de los antepasados y los animales. Estos rituales constituyen un mediador clave de la reproducción social para el caso de las relaciones tradicionales entre las comunidades wari’ y de la reproducción biológica en las relaciones con las fuerzas espirituales que controlan la subsistencia y la mortalidad. Si las posibilidades simultáneas de cooperación y oposición se mantienen en tensión dinámica, este marco de relaciones intergrupales, concebidas como de rivalidad simbólica y "depredación" recíproca voluntaria, permite a las comunidades cultivar o poner fin, según sea el caso, las filiaciones políticas y de compromiso en respuesta a circunstancias cambiantes. Estos encuentros rituales tienen un papel importante en los intercambios de información y la definición y mantenimiento de las redes de afiliaciones o alianzas caracterizadas por su flexibilidad y la posibilidad de movilidad que, en el pasado, permitieron que los wari’ sobrellevaran las presiones históricas de violencia interétnica y las epidemias.

In the last decades, significant improvements regarding the design, materials and technology of rock drills have been made. Likewise, in sheet metal forming, forming tools experience very high contact pressures when processing high strength steel sheets. In both applications components operate under extremely tough contact conditions that result in an accelerated component failure. Enhancements on mechanical properties of components material subjected to extreme contact conditions are highly required in order to withstand the application loads and prevent severe wear. The present thesis was focused on understanding of machinery component damage mechanisms under severe contact conditions. A case study of worn components used in rock drilling and sheet metal cold work was carried out. Thread joints from rock drilling and punches from sheet metal pressing were selected for the investigation. For these components, sliding contact under high contact pressure is a common load condition under the components usage. Then, to understand and quantify the influence of contact parameters, load and surface quality on material performance, laboratory simulations were performed. The results were used for a comparative analysis of the typical damage mechanisms observed in the tests and the case study of the components. The case study results showed that the threaded surfaces underwent severe plastic deformation due to the high-pressure sliding contact. The microstructure beneath the worn surface was altered and surface cracks and delamination were frequently observed at the worn surface. The dominant damage mechanism found on the investigated punches was adhesive wear. Material transfer adds friction stresses at the punch surface and ultimately, with repeated punch strokes, it leads to initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. Wear process in thread joint and punch wear was simulated using the SOFS. The worn specimens tested experimentally showed similar wear mechanisms obtained in the case study. The thread joint wear simulation showed that the total damage at the worn surface was a result of adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. In addition, the results showed that the type of motion had a significant influence on the worn volume and crack initiation, and more severe wear was observed at reciprocal motion. The punch wear simulation showed that the friction quickly increased as work material from metal sheets transferred to the disc surface. The rate of the material transfer was strongly dependent on the combination of sheet material and tool steel. Further, the present experimental simulations were applicable to characterize and predict wear of components in the application. / Components used in rock drilling and sheet metal forming operate under harsh contact conditions that result in an early-life component failure. Wear and fatigue are considered as the most common damage mechanism for these components. Commonly, the service life of a component is designed based on its fatigue life. However, wear might have a significant effect on the components life too. Wear results in a surface damage that in turn may cause a fatigue crack initiation. Therefore, knowledge about wear of materials and components is a key factor in design and prediction of the lifetime of the components. In order to predict wear of a certain component, a thorough understanding of the component with regards to its material properties, application loads and working environment, and damage mechanisms is required. The overall aim of the present work was to define the typical wear mechanisms occurred on machinery components used in rock drilling and sheet metal forming. A comparative analysis of the case studies and results from performed laboratory tests simulated wear mechanisms in the applications highlighted wear mechanisms and factors influencing severity of wear in the applications. Obtained information is crucial for ranking and selection of the best material in the applications. / <p>The presentation will will be via zoom. PhD student will together with the supervisors will be in Karlstad while the opponent is in Luleå. </p>