Toute pathologie grave, survenant chez un patient, menace et modifie l’équilibre de son groupe familial. L’objectif de cette étude est d’identifier l’impact du cancer du sein de la mère sur sa famille nucléaire, lorsque des enfants jeunes sont présents, grâce à l’évaluation longitudinale du fonctionnement familial, de la détresse psychologique et des stratégies d’adaptation, au travers du point de vue des différents membres du groupe : la mère malade, le père et l(es)’enfant(s). Méthode : 39 parents (23 mères et 16 pères), ont complété des auto-questionnaires et 22 enfants âgés de 6 à 12 ans, ont participé à des entretiens de recherche à quatre temps d’évaluation : lors de la 1ère (T1), de la 3ème (T2) et de la 5ème (T3) cure de chimiothérapie de la mère, ainsi que deux mois après la fin du traitement par chimiothérapie (T4).Résultats : Le fonctionnement familial perçu par les membres de la famille est typique et stable au cours du temps. Les conjoints perçoivent plus de difficultés au sein de la famille que les patientes et les enfants. L’évolution temporelle des variables met en évidence le T3 comme un moment de répit pour la famille nucléaire. Les niveaux de détresse psychologique exprimés sont non pathologiques, mais évoluent différemment selon la place du sujet dans la famille. Les femmes sont plus en détresse que leurs conjoints et leurs enfants et ont plus recours aux stratégies de coping centrées sur le problème et à la recherche de soutien social. Le niveau de dépression, d’hostilité et le recours aux stratégies de coping centrées sur l’émotion chez les mères expliquent leur perception du fonctionnement familial. A l’inverse, l’état psychologique et le mode d’adaptation des conjoints et des enfants n’influent pas sur leur perception du fonctionnement familial.Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent l’importance de combiner une méthodologie longitudinale qualitative et quantitative, afin de recueillir le point de vue de tous les membres de la famille et ainsi améliorer la compréhension de leur vécu face à la maladie de la mère. / Any serious illness occurring in a patient threatens and alters the balance of their family group. The objective of this study is to identify the impact of breast cancer on a mother's nuclear family, when young children are present, with the longitudinal assessment of family functioning, psychological distress and adaptation strategies, through the perspective of different members of the group: the sick mother, the father and child(ren).Method: 39 parents (23 mothers and 16 fathers) of children aged between 6 and 12 completed self-assessment questionnaires as well as 22 children participated in research interviews at four evaluation times: the first (T1), the third (T2) and fifth (T3) of the mother’s chemotherapy, and two months after the end of chemotherapy (T4).Results: Family functioning as perceived by the family’s members is typical and stable over time. Spouses perceive more difficulties within the family than the patients and the children. The temporal evolution of variables highlights the T3 as a respite for the nuclear family. Levels of psychological distress are not pathological, but are different depending on the member’s place in the family. Women are more distressed than their spouses and children, and have more use of coping strategies focused on problem solving and seeking social support. The level of depression, hostility and the use of coping strategies focused on emotion in mothers explain their perception of family functioning. By contrast, the psychological state and the mode of adaptation of spouses and children do not affect their perception of family functioning.Conclusion: These results show the importance of combining qualitative and quantitative longitudinal methodology to analyse the views of all members of the family and improve the understanding of their experiences with the disease of the mother.

In South Africa Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) have to contend with the typical adversarial relations with a host government. In addition, MNEs operate in an environment regulated by a government policy of Redress, aimed at changing the wealth profile of the country to reflect the ethnic demographics. Policies such as Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment, Affirmative Action and Preferential Procurement are interventionist and place additional burden on the MNEs. Implementations of these regulations are often the source of conflict between MNEs and the local government. Ethno-cultural distance aggravates the strained relations between the MNE and host government. The policy of Redress effectively legislates the incorporation of local third parties that are ethno-culturally related to government into the competitive strategies of MNEs. Joint ventures with locals are an acknowledged strategy to enter foreign markets, providing for legitimisation and access to networks. The choice in strategy when dealing with the home government of either a relational or transactional approach is transferable to the MNE host government environment. Political levels have proven to be inaccessible but successful business transactions with government are abundant. The transactional approach dominates as a result of the failure to establish any relations with the host government, negating the pursuit of the relational approach. Third parties play an enabling role in successful transactions, ranging from providing access to government employees up to securing the deal and transacting with the MNE at arms-length. The absence of any social capital in successful transactions requires re-evaluation of the role of social capital in bridging barriers in business relations. Possible explanations are in the linking that the social capital of the third party with the government and MNE employees respectively has, an extremely low threshold for social capital in successful transactions, the force exerted by the need for the products or services, or, most probable, the profit motive. The distance between the government and MNE is extreme as a result of the historical strife between the ethnic groups in the country and the policy of Redress. The connotation with the social environment deters the active pursuit of social capital to gain competitive advantage. / D.B.L.

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and leadership styles in a petrochemical organisation (represented by transformational, transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles) and to determine if emotional intelligence can predict an effective leadership style. Leaders (N = 161) were selected from a business within a South African petrochemical organisation. Self reports from the EQ-i and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ Form 5X) were analysed. Correlation analyses indicated statistically significant relationships between emotional intelligence and transformational and laissez-faire leadership. Findings indicated positive correlations between emotional intelligence (specifically adaptability) and transformational leadership. Negative correlations were obtained between emotional intelligence (specifically intrapersonal skills) and laissez-faire leadership. Theoretical implications and practical applications of these findings were discussed. / Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T13:53:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LeonardoQC.pdf: 657702 bytes, checksum: e3ca2527141ad9609b4cdf030e534656 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-24 / The current study analyzes the birth and development of two strategic alliances established between shrimp producers in Rio Grande do Norte: the Unipesca and the Coopercam. To achieve this aim, two approaches which, at first sight, could be considered contradictory were used: the Transactional Costs Economy and Embeddedness. The first approach is fundamentally based in the studies of Williamson (1985; 1991; 1996; 1999; 2000; 2002). Embededness, on the other hand, went through the review of a series of authors, such as Burt (1992), Granovetter (1973; 1985), Uzzi (1997), Gulati (1994; 1995; 1997; 1998; 1999; 2000), Nielsen (2005), Ring (2002), Ring and Van de Ven (1994), Zafirovski (2002), among others. To analyze the birth and development of the cooperatives in this study, Gulati s work (1998) was used. This study shows the steps to be studied for a better comprehension of an alliance: the decision of starting an alliance and the choice of the partners, the decision about the governance structure, the evolution of the alliance and the development of the companies which established this partnership. To carry this study out, a study case accordingly to Yin s proposal (2001) was adopted. Semi-structured interviews with pre-defined plots were conducted in two phases: in the beginning of 2006 and in the beginning of 2007. The subjects from the research were, in 2006, representative members of the main associations and corporations, besides the shrimp producers from the state, when the context of the activity was set. In the second phase, in 2007, representative members from the two cooperatives that were listed above were interviewed the president from Coopercam and the marketing manager from Unipesca. Besides these two members, directors from two important organizations in each of these cooperatives were also interviewed, giving out the necessary information for the research. Secondary data was also collected from the Brazilian Association of Crab producers website, as well as from news from important newspapers in RN, such as Tribuna do Norte. The primary data was analyzed in terms of quality, accordingly to the documental analysis technique. Thus, through the data that was collected, it can be concluded that the reasons that motivated the companies to cooperate can be explained in terms of the transactional costs economy. However, the choice of partners is more connected to aspects approached by the social embededness. When aspects related to development and evolution were analyzed, it could be seen that both aspects from TCE and Embededness were vital to explain the development of the cooperatives mentioned / O presente estudo faz uma an?lise sobre a forma??o e o desenvolvimento de duas alian?as estrat?gicas formadas entre produtores de camar?o no Rio Grande do Norte: a Unipesca e a Coopercam. Utilizou-se de duas abordagens que, a princ?pio, poderiam ser consideradas contradit?rias: a Economia dos Custos de Transa??o e a Imers?o Social. A primeira abordagem se baseia fundamentalmente nos estudos de Williamson (1985; 1991; 1996; 1999; 2000; 2002). A Imers?o Social, por sua vez, passou pela revis?o de uma s?rie de autores, tais como Burt (1992), Granovetter (1973; 1985), Uzzi (1997), Gulati (1994; 1995; 1997; 1998; 1999; 2000), Nielsen (2005), Ring (2002), Ring e Van de Ven (1994), Zafirovski (2002), dentre outros. Para a an?lise da forma??o e do desenvolvimento das cooperativas em estudo, utilizou-se o trabalho de Gulati (1998), que aponta os passos a serem estudados para a compreens?o de uma alian?a: a decis?o de entrar e a escolha dos parceiros, a decis?o sobre a estrutura de governan?a, a evolu??o da alian?a e o desempenho das firmas que estabeleceram essa parceria. Para realiza??o do estudo adotou-se o estudo de caso conforme proposi??o de Yin (2001). Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com roteiros pr?-determinados, em duas fases: no in?cio de 2006 e no in?cio de 2007. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram, em 2006, representantes das principais associa??es e cooperativas, al?m de produtores de camar?o do estado, quando se realizou a contextualiza??o da atividade. Na segunda fase, em 2007, foram entrevistados os representantes das duas cooperativas em quest?o, sendo o presidente, no caso da Coopercam, e o gerente comercial, no caso da Unipesca. Al?m destes, tamb?m foram entrevistados dirigentes de duas organiza??es de grande relev?ncia em cada uma dessas cooperativas, tendo, estes entrevistados fornecido as informa??es necess?rias ? pesquisa. Tamb?m foram coletados dados secund?rios no site da ABCC, al?m de reportagens em jornais de grande circula??o no estado, como Tribuna do Norte. Os dados prim?rios foram analisados segundo a t?cnica de an?lise de conte?do proposta por Bardin (1977). No que se refere aos dados secund?rios, estes foram analisados qualitativamente segundo a t?cnica de an?lise documental (BARDIN, 1977; SILVERMAN, 1995). Assim, atrav?s dos dados coletados, p?de-se concluir que as raz?es que motivaram as firmas a cooperarem passam por quest?es abordadas pela Economia dos Custos de Transa??o. No entanto, a escolha dos parceiros passou muito mais por quest?es abordadas pela imers?o social. Quando analisados quest?es relativas ? evolu??o e o desempenho, verificou-se que aspectos tanto da ECT quanto da Imers?o Social foram centrais para explicar o desenvolvimento das cooperativas em quest?o

No description available.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka chefers upplevelser av att arbeta i en aktivitetsbaserad kontorsmiljö, där studien ska öka förståelsen för vilka utmaningar som chefer kan ställas inför. Eftersom tillit är en viktig förutsättning för ledarskapet i en organisation där gränserna mellan lösts upp är syftet med denna studie också att undersöka om denna typ av kontorsmiljö inverkar på hur tillit samt ledarskap skapas och praktiseras. Empirin har insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med sex chefer på mellanchefsnivå som delat med sig av sina uppfattningar och tankar kring ledarskap, det aktivitetsbaserade kontoret samt tillit. Det empiriska materialet analyseras med hjälp av teori om organisationsstruktur och ledarskap. Dessutom används Giddens teori om tid och rum tillsammans med begreppen tillit och expertsystem. Studiens resultat visar att tillit är en viktig förutsättning i ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor samt att tillit inte endast beror på hur rumsutformningen ser ut utan, även är kopplad till medarbetarnas ålder och expertis. Detta kan framförallt förklaras av Giddens teori om tid och rum samt begreppet expertsystem. Vidare visar studien på att de för- och nackdelar cheferna upplever med aktivitetsbaserade kontor varierar beroende på deras medarbetares roll och arbetsuppgifter. De arbeten som präglas av att medarbetarna har en hög kontroll av sina arbetsuppgifter, så som karriärlönearbetaren, upplever fler fördelar i ett aktivitetsbaserat kontor än den traditionella lönearbetaren. Cheferna upplever att flexibiliteten i arbetet är en fördel och utmaningen är främst sammanhållningen i teamet, vilket är kopplat till uppluckringen av tid och rum. / The purpose of this research project is to investigate how managers experience working in an activity-based office and to increase the knowledge of the challenges managers face in this kind of working environment. Trust is an important prerequisite in an organization where the boundaries between time and space have been dissolved and therefore, the purpose of this project is also to investigate if this type of office-environment affects how trust and leadership are created and practiced. The empirical evidence for this project was gathered through semi-structured interviews with six middle-level managers, who shared their experiences and thoughts about leadership, trust and the activity-based office. The empirical evidence was analyzed with the help of organizational structure and leadership theory, and Giddens time-space theory was used together with the concepts of trust and expert-systems. The results of the study show that trust is indeed an important prerequisite for organizations employing an activity-based office solution. Furthermore, the study shows that trust does not depend solely on the spatial solution of the office, but is also influenced by the age and expertise of the employees. This is explained by employing Giddens time-space theory and the concept of expert-systems. Moreover, the study shows that the managers' perceived pros and cons with activity-based office solutions differ depending on the working tasks of their employees and the degree of control they have over their employees. The type of jobs where the employees have a high degree of control in their work experience more pros with an activity-based office solution, than those with a low degree of control. The interviewed managers perceived that flexible working conditions were beneficial and that the main challenge working in an activity-based office was to keep the team united, as the boundaries between time and space were very vague.

Orientador: Rodolfo Jardim de Azevedo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T02:02:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Goldstein_FelipePortavales_M.pdf: 2303926 bytes, checksum: c44512059a990654552904a0f94d74f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: A adoção de processadores com múltiplos núcleos pela indústria, levou à necessidade de novas técnicas para facilitar a programação de software paralelo. A técnica chamada memórias transacionais é uma das mais promissoras. Esta técnica é capaz de executar tarefas concorrentemente de forma otimista, o que permite um bom desempenho. Outra vantagem é que a sua utilização é muito mais simples comparada com a técnica clássica de exclusão mútua. Neste trabalho é proposto o primeiro modelo de memória transacional para arquiteturas híbridas, neste caso a arquitetura alvo é o processador Cell BE. O processador Cell BE é especialmente complexo por causa das dificuldades que a arquitetura deste processador impõe ao programador quando se necessita acessar a memória global compartilhada. O modelo proposto age como uma camada entre o programa e a memória principal, permitindo um acesso transparente aos dados, garantindo coerência e realizando o controle de concorrência de forma automática. O modelo proposto utiliza Software Cache combinado com a memória transacional para facilitar o acesso à memória externa a partir dos SPEs. Ele foi implementado e testado utilizando 8 aplicativos benchmark diferentes, mostrando sua viabilidade para casos de uso reais. Foi feita uma análise detalhada de cada parte da arquitetura proposta com relação ao impacto no desempenho geral do sistema. Este modelo foi capaz de obter um desempenho até duas vezes superior à implementação utilizando um mutex global. As vantagens da utilização se concentram principalmente na facilidade de uso, garantias de coerência e por evitar alguns tipos de bugs que seriam comuns em uma implementação com mutex, como por exemplo dead-locks. Este trabalho obteve o prêmio de melhor artigo no SBAC-PAD 2008 / Abstract: The adoption of multi-core processors by the industry has pushed towards the development of new techniques to simplify programming parallel software. The technique called transactional memories is one of the most promising. This technique is able to execute multiple tasks concurrently in an optimistic way to achieve a better performance. Another advantage is that the usage of this technique is simpler than the classic mutual exclusion. This work proposes the first transactional memory model for hybrid architectures, in this case the target architecture is the Cell BE processor. The Cell BE is specially complex because of the dificulties when acessing the main shared memory from one of the SPEs. The proposed model acts as a layer between the program running and the main shared memory, allowing transparent access to the data, guaranteeing coherency and automatic concurrency control. The proposed model uses a Software Cache combined with a transactional memory to facilitate the acess to the main memory from the SPEs. This model was implemented and tested using 8 benchmark applications, showing its feasability in real use cases. A detailed analysis of its internal parts has been made to show the impact of each part in the overal system performance. The model was able to achieve a performance up to two times better than a similar implementation using a global mutex. The advantages of this model rely on its usability, coherency guaranty and because it is able to avoid concurrency programming bugs such as dead-lock, which are common in a mutex implementation. This work won the best paper award at SBAC-PAD 2008 / Mestrado / Arquitetura de Computadores / Mestre em Ciência da Computação

Submitted by Joel de Lima Pereira Castro Junior (joelpcastro@uol.com.br) on 2017-06-05T21:41:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mariana Aylmer.pdf: 1237418 bytes, checksum: 22377ea65a133ce40be2285e5cef6435 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca de Administração e Ciências Contábeis (bac@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-06-06T20:17:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mariana Aylmer.pdf: 1237418 bytes, checksum: 22377ea65a133ce40be2285e5cef6435 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-06T20:17:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Mariana Aylmer.pdf: 1237418 bytes, checksum: 22377ea65a133ce40be2285e5cef6435 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta dissertação buscou expandir a compreensão a respeito da dinâmica de confiança entre o jovem e seu líder. Para isso, dentre as categorias de confiança interpessoal de Reina e Reina (2006) analisaram-se quais eram as mais utilizadas pelos jovens entrevistados na relação com seus superiores, no contexto dos bancos públicos e privados brasileiros. O primeiro capítulo introduziu a problemática da pesquisa, a delimitação do tema, os objetivos e as suposições do estudo, e sua relevância. No segundo capítulo, revisou-se a literatura pertinente. Apresentouse o conceito de confiança interpessoal e suas características, os fatores associados à sua construção e sua quebra, e as categorias do estudo (confiança transacional e confiança transformadora). Em seguida, debateu-se sobre a juventude e a confiança no contexto brasileiro, discorre-se sobre o conceito de coorte geracional e os desafios de um ambiente de trabalho multigeracional, sobre as gerações no ambiente de trabalho brasileiro; também sobre o processo de socialização dos jovens recém-chegados e o papel do líder no mesmo. A revisão da literatura se encerra com a discussão sobre os bancos brasileiros, seu contexto, e as questões decorrentes da reestruturação do sistema bancário na década de 1990, seus efeitos sobre o sistema de trabalho, o ambiente de trabalho, e sobre o trabalhador bancário, além da questão do conflito geracional nos bancos brasileiros. No terceiro capítulo, apresenta-se a metodologia do estudo, que, em quatro bancos brasileiros, encontrou dez jovens nascidos após 1980, sendo cinco de bancos públicos e cinco de bancos privados. A coleta de dados se realizou com a combinação de três técnicas: entrevista semiestruturada, CIT (Critical Incident Technique) e LSP ( Lego® Serious Play). A codificação e análise do material coletado se deu sob as diretrizes de Saldaña (2013), e seu enfoque principal foram as expressões e os valores usados pelos próprios sujeito. Dentre os padrões observados, destacou-se a distinção nas percepções da confiança transacional e transformadora entre os bancos públicos e privados; as perspectivas sobre as ações do chefe, e quais comportamentos geram construção e quebra de confiança; a relação entre o cargo de chefia e o distanciamento da equipe nos bancos públicos; a empatia como um fator catalisador da construção de confiança; e a relação entre confiança e faixa-etária no discurso dos sujeitos entrevistados. / This research aimed to broaden the understanding on the dynamics of trust between the young and their leader. For that, we analyzed, among Reina & Reina’s (2006) categories of interpersonal trust, those that were most used by the young workers of public and private banks interviewed. The first chapter presents the research’s problem, the delimitation of the subject, goals and assumptions of the study as well as its relevance. In the second chapter, the theoretical basis is discussed. Initially the concept of interpersonal trust is presented, along with its main aspects; then, the factors associated with its construction and breaches; and the categories of the study are exposed (transactional trust and transformative confidence). Further, we debate youth and trust in the Brazilian context, discussing the concept of generational cohorts, and the challenges of a multigenerational workplace; and the socialization process of young newcomers in the workplace, its relation to trust building and the leader’s role in the process. The theoretical framework finishes with the discussion of Brazilian banks, and the issues arising from the restructuring of the banking system in the 1990’s, and from generational conflict in the Brazilian banks. The third chapter presents the methodology of the study, through which ten young people born after 1980 were interviewed, five from public banks and five from private ones, in four Brazilian institutions. Data was collected with the combination of three techniques: semi-structured interview, CIT (Critical Incident Technique) and LSP (Lego® Serious Play). The coding process of the material was taken under the guidelines of Saldaña (2013), and its main focus was in the expressions used by the subjects themselves, and the values present in his speeches. Among the observed patterns, a few are worth highlighting: the distinction in perceptions of transactional trust and transforming between public and private banks; the perspectives on the actions and behaviors of the leader that generate construction and breaches of trust; the relation between the leadership position and the detachment of the team in public banks; empathy as a catalyst factor of building trust; and the relationship between trust and age in the speech of the participants.

Abstract The present longitudinal follow-up study had two main goals. Firstly, this study aimed to describe aspects of maternal interactive/communicative behaviour that could be considered constitutive in sensitive responsiveness. Secondly and most importantly, it aimed to find predictive relations between characteristics of mother-infant interaction around the onset of infant intentional communication and subsequent child communicative and linguistic development. The participants were 27 Finnish-speaking mothers and their healthy first-born infants. Analyses of the amount and types of maternal and infant communicative acts as well as maternal responses to infant signals were carried out from videotaped free-play samples at the infants' age of 10 months. In addition, the CARE-Index was used to rate maternal sensitivity and infant co-operativity. At 12 months, children's communicative and linguistic skills were assessed by using the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventories and the Communication and Symbolic Behaviour Scales. At 30 months, the Reynell Developmental Language Scales III was used to assess comprehensive and expressive language. The results suggest that maternal activity in eliciting interaction and conversational interchanges is characteristic of sensitive responsiveness around the onset of infant intentionality. However, very distinctive aspects of verbal behaviour that might be constitutive in sensitive responsiveness were not found — probably as a result of considerable individual variation in all aspects of maternal as well as infant interactive/communicative behaviour that were analysed. As predictors of communicative and linguistic skills at 12 months, both maternal and infant characteristics made a significant contribution. In general, the predictive relations found were quite specific. In turn, except for the predictive validity of maternal sensitivity for comprehensive language at 30 months, later language outcomes were predicted only by children's communicative and linguistic skills at 12 months, suggesting that over time, language development becomes increasingly child-driven. Individual differences in early communicative capacities may also to some extent mask the language-facilitating effects of parenting. On the other hand, some potentially facilitating effects of parental behaviour may be elicited by the infant's well-advanced communicative skills. The importance to acknowledge transactional processes in parent-child interaction is highlighted — both in future research and clinical applications.

Les logiciels adaptatifs sont une classe de logiciels qui peuvent modifier leur structure et comportement à l'exécution afin de s'adapter à des nouveaux contextes d'exécution. Le développement de logiciels adaptatifs a été un domaine de recherche très actif les dix dernières années. Plusieurs approches utilisent des techniques issues des lignes des produits afin de développer de tels logiciels. Ils proposent des outils, des frameworks, ou des langages pour construire des architectures logicielles adaptatives, mais ne guident pas les ingénieurs dans leur utilisation. De plus, ils supposent que tous les éléments spécifiés à la conception sont disponibles dans l'architecture pour l'adaptation, même s'ils ne seront jamais utilisés. Ces éléments inutiles peuvent être une cause de soucis lors du déploiement sur une cible dont l'espace mémoire est très contraint par exemple. Par ailleurs, le remplacement de composants à l'exécution reste une tâche complexe, elle doit assurer non seulement la validité de la nouvelle version, mais aussi préserver la terminaison correcte des transactions en cours. Pour faire face à ces problèmes, cette thèse propose un processus de développement de logiciels adaptatifs où les tâches, les rôles, et les artefacts associés sont explicites. En particulier, le processus vise la spécification d'informations nécessaires pour construire des architectures logicielles adaptatives. Le résultat d'un tel processus est une architecture logicielle adaptative qui contient seulement des éléments utiles pour l'adaptation. De plus, un mécanisme d'adaptation est proposé basé sur la gestion de transactions pour assurer une adaptation dynamique cohérente. Elle assure la terminaison correcte des transactions en cours. Nous proposons pour cela la notion de dépendance transactionnelle : dépendance entre des actions réalisées par des composants différents. Nous proposons la spécification de ces dépendances dans le modèle de variabilité, et de l'exploiter pour décider des fonctions de contrôle dans les composants de l'architecture, des fonctions qui assurent une adaptation cohérente à l'exécution. / Adaptive software is a class of software which is able to modify its own internal structure and hence its behavior at runtime in response to changes in its operating environment. Adaptive software development has been an emerging research area of software engineering in the last decade. Many existing approaches use techniques issued from software product lines (SPLs) to develop adaptive software architectures. They propose tools, frameworks or languages to build adaptive software architectures but do not guide developers on the process of using them. Moreover, they suppose that all elements in the SPL specified are available in the architecture for adaptation. Therefore, the adaptive software architecture may embed unnecessary elements (components that will never be used) thus limiting the possible deployment targets. On the other hand, the components replacement at runtime remains a complex task since it must ensure the validity of the new version, in addition to preserving the correct completion of ongoing activities. To cope with these issues, this thesis proposes an adaptive software development process where tasks, roles, and associate artifacts are explicit. The process aims at specifying the necessary information for building adaptive software architectures. The result of such process is an adaptive software architecture that only contains necessary elements for adaptation. On the other hand, an adaptation mechanism is proposed based on transactions management for ensuring consistent dynamic adaptation. Such adaptation must guarantee the system state and ensure the correct completion of ongoing transactions. In particular, transactional dependencies are specified at design time in the variability model. Then, based on such dependencies, components in the architecture include the necessary mechanisms to manage transactions at runtime consistently.