As transformações nas relações de trabalho a partir da década de 1970, no contexto das mudanças globais de cunho político e econômico, são inerentes às novas demandas requeridas pela reestruturação produtiva. A economia global se tornou refém dos movimentos de capitais e da rápida expansão da produção baseada em reengenharias, que tornaram a produção mais enxuta e aumentaram a produtividade. Os trabalhadores, por sua vez, precisaram se adaptar a estas mudanças, assumindo, cada vez mais, funções e competências. Os que não conseguiram, aumentaram o exército de reserva. Autores como Bauman (1999; 2001; 2008a; 2008b; 2010), Castells (1999; 2005; 2011), Dal Rosso (1998, 2006, 2008, 2009; 2011), Gorz (2005), Grisci (1999; 2000; 2008), Lazzarato e Negri (2001), Sennet (1999) e Virilio (1996; 1999) foram a base para entender a nova dinâmica que permeia o mundo do trabalho. Tendo como base tais autores, esta tese pesquisou em contexto de trabalho imaterial, tempo e estilos de vida, o uso da tecnologia da informação por professores de instituições de ensino superior privado na cidade de Porto Velho, no Estado de Rondônia. Para tal, utilizando-se dos caminhos oferecidos pela pesquisa qualitativa, foram feitas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, tomando como sujeitos da pesquisa, os docentes das instituições de ensino superior privado da cidade de Porto Velho. Os resultados, após análise do contexto brasileiro e do cabedal teórico, apontaram para o uso da tecnologia da informação como uma nova forma de vivência do tempo. Este uso de TI acontece independente da noção de tempos de trabalho e de não trabalho. Ademais, aponta para estilos de vida que dependem do uso da TI, que é embarcada em equipamentos sempre atualizados, adquiridos pelos docentes e utilizados tanto no tempo de trabalho como no tempo de não trabalho. Em contexto de trabalho imaterial, os estilos de vida configuram-se como uma imposição aos sujeitos, uma vez que são instrumentalizados pelos modos de trabalhar. O uso da informatização revela outras facetas do trabalho imaterial ao demandar que os sujeitos mobilizem seus conhecimentos, seus recursos e seu tempo pessoal no sentido de se apresentarem atualizados em relação às TIC’s. Os estilos de vida, desse modo, poderiam ser chamados estilos impostos de vida. Os estilos de trabalho produzem estilos de vida, o que reafirma a tese da centralidade do trabalho, e sugere que a vida está sendo convertida em trabalho nos dias de hoje, tanto pela intensificação do trabalho, como pelo alongamento da jornada. / The changes in labor relations from the 1970s, in the context of global changes of a political and economic, are inherent to the new demands required by the productive restructuring. The global economy has become held hostage of capital movements and the rapid expansion of production based reengineering, which made production leaner and increased productivity. The workers, in turn, had to adapt to these changes, assuming more roles and more responsibilities. Workers who failed, will increase the reserve army. The authors as Bauman (1999, 2001, 2008a; 2008b, 2010), Castells (1999, 2005, 2011), Dal Rosso (1998, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2011), Gorz (2005), Grisci (1999, 2000, 2008 ), Lazzarato and Negri (2001), Sennett (1999) and Virilio (1996, 1999) were the basis for understanding the new dynamic that permeates the world of work.This thesis researched in the context of immaterial labor, time and lifestyles, the use of information technology by teachers in private higher education institutions in the city of Porto Velho, in Rondônia State - Brazil. For this, using the methodologies offered by qualitative research, were conducted semi-structured interviews with research subjects: teachers of private higher education institutions in the city of Porto Velho. The results, after analysis of the Brazilian context and theoretical notes,pointed to the use of information technology as a new way to experience time. This use of IT happens independent of the notion of working time and non work. Moreover, it shows that the lifestyles that depend on the use of IT, which is embedded in equipment purchased and used by teachers in working time and non work. In the context of immaterial labor, the lifestyles appear as an imposition the individuals, since they are exploited by the modes of working. The use of informatization reveals other facets of immaterial labor to demand that individuals mobilize their knowledge, their resources and their personal time in order to submit updated in relation to ICT. The lifestyles thus could be called lifestyles imposed. The workstyles produce lifestyles, which reaffirms the thesis about the centrality of work, and suggests that life is being converted into work today, both by intensifying work, as by lengthening the journey.

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on how much work and time teachers must spend conducting the national tests in the Swedish subject for grade nine. The aim is also to distinguish possible differences and similarities in the way teachers work and handle these tests. Finally, the essay illustrates how the teachers look at the relationship between the work they set out for the tests and what they ultimately get out of this work. To fulfil this objective, I collected seven teachers' answers on the subject via a large part qualitative survey. I have concluded that the teachers think the tests are good, provided they get enough working time to work with them. However, no teacher in this study is given enough time to properly work with and manage the national tests. This means that the whole process of the national tests results in something negative for the teachers (in this study).

Orientador: Heloisa Turini Bruhns / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação Fisica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-08T00:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brito_TelmaMedeiros_M.pdf: 1762849 bytes, checksum: 089b11a9087726a2cfd0a971d965f7b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A presente pesquisa visa o estudo dos cruzeiros marítimos enquanto alternativa de lazer, com foco nas décadas de 1950 e 1960, relacionando-os com o momento atual. Tal estudo pretende auxiliar os profissionais de Educação Física, os quais estão sendo bastante requisitados para desenvolverem e planejarem as diversas atividades de lazer a bordo dos cruzeiros. O trabalho inclui ainda o levantamento histórico mundial dos cruzeiros, bem como o panorama histórico brasileiro. São apresentados conceitos de cruzeiros marítimos utilizados por diferentes autores nacionais e internacionais numa visão crítica, polemizando as abordagens. Apresenta, ainda, as principais características dos cruzeiros, criando um paralelo com o passado e abordando a evolução que o conceito de lazer ganhou neste setor nos últimos anos, incluindo as principais atividades de lazer desenvolvidas a bordo dos navios de cruzeiro. Aborda também as relações entre o lazer e o turismo introduzindo o cruzeiro marítimo neste panorama, relacionando-o com as questões do tempo 'livre', do prazer, do ritmo que as atividades de lazer toma a bordo e das sensações que podem ser experimentadas pelo corpo em alto mar. A análise dos cruzeiros nas décadas de 1950 e 1960 busca o simbólico que aflora no imaginário popular na atualidade, resgatado por meio de pesquisa documental. O estudo aborda ainda a questão do 'tempo morto', inevitável nos deslocamentos em viagens e sua otimização nos cruzeiros. A pesquisa comparativa-exploratória não pretende esgotar o tema, mas busca contribuir como um passo inicial para estudos mais aprofundados do lazer a bordo dos cruzeiros marítimos / Abstract: The present research aims the study of cruises as an alternative for tourism, focusing the decades 1950 and 1960, relating them to the present. This study aims to aid the professionals of Physical Education, who are being very required to develop and plan leisure activities related to the body on board cruise ships. Includes the research of cruise history in the world as well as the brazilian panorama. It will presents cruise definitions of national and foreign authors in a critical view of the approaches. Presents also the main cruises characteristics, creating a parallel with the past and coments the evolution of leisure concept has gain in the industry lately, including the main leisure activities on board cruise ships. Studies the relation between leisure and tourism, introducing cruising int he panorama, relating it to the not working time, pleasure, rhythm of the leisure activities on board and body sensations experienced in high sea. The analisys of cruises in the decades of 1950 and 1960 searched for symbols created presently on commom sense imaginary, recovered through a documental investigation. The study comments the 'dead time', inevitable during travel transportation and its optimization on cruises. The comparative-exploratory investigation do not intend to exhaust the theme, but aims to contribute as an initial step for deeper studies / Mestrado / Educação Fisica e Sociedade / Mestre em Educação Física

The workforce rostering for tomorrow’s industry needs to be reconsidered. The development of new types of production control mechanisms, like decentralized production control, impacts the effectivity and efficiency of workforce rostering methods, too. Simultaneously, social trends, like the growing demand of flexible working time models and labor shortages, take their influence on the rostering process. We are facing these requirements by developing a new rostering method which is appropriate for decentrally controlled production systems, the consideration of individual preferred working times independent of rigid shift systems and the simultaneous targeting of production-related performance variables. Therefore, we apply a simulation-based optimization approach which is based on a genetic algorithm.

Objetivo Investigar a associação dos horários de trabalho e padrões de exposição à luz com ciclo vigília-sono e secreção de melatonina em trabalhadores da Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes. Método Estudo transversal realizado no município de Xapuri, Acre, com 340 seringueiros e 148 trabalhadores uma fábrica de preservativos (46 trabalhadores administrativos e 102 operários). Na primeira etapa do estudo foram coletados, por meio de questionários, dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, condições de trabalho, padrões de sono, preferência diurna, perfil cronobiológico (cronotipo), morbidades referidas e relato de dores musculoesqueléticas. Na segunda etapa do estudo, observando critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 62 trabalhadores (42 seringueiros e 20 operários). Nesta etapa, seringueiros e operários foram acompanhados por 21 dias e 10 dias, respectivamente, nos quais foram coletados dados referentes ao padrão de atividade/repouso (actimetria), exposição à luz e melatonina salivar. Resultados Os resultados da primeira etapa mostraram que os dias de trabalho e folga dos seringueiros são diferentes em relação aos horários de início, fim e duração de sono (p<0,01). Similarmente aos seringueiros, também foram observadas diferenças relativas aos padrões de sono (horários de início e fim), entre os operários, em todos os turnos estudados (matutino, vespertino e noturno), segundo dia de trabalho e dia de folga. A segunda etapa da pesquisa evidenciou que a presença de energia elétrica na residência teve efeito significativo no horário de início e duração de sono e no horário de início da secreção de melatonina dos seringueiros (p<0,01). Os seringueiros mostraram um adiantamento do horário de início da secreção de melatonina, padrão semelhante ao encontrado em parte dos operários, o que pode estar relacionado a uma maior tendência à matutinidade. Além disso, os seringueiros foram expostos à intensidade e período de luz (natural e artificial) maiores quando comparados aos trabalhadores da fábrica. Os operários apresentaram maiores escores de sonolência nos turnos matutino e noturno, sendo este último associado à ocorrência de distúrbios de sono e fadiga ao acordar. Conclusão A distinção observada entre os padrões de sono dos trabalhadores, segundo dias de trabalho e folga, tanto para seringueiros quanto trabalhadores da fábrica, sugere a relevância dos horários de trabalho no ciclo vigília-sono da população estudada. A presença de energia elétrica, assim como a exposição à luz (natural e artificial), revelaram papel significativo na expressão do sistema de temporização circadiana dos trabalhadores estudados. / Aim To investigate the association of working hours and light exposure patterns with the wake-sleep cycle and melatonin secretion of workers from the Chico Mendes Extractivist Reserve. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Xapuri, Acre, involving 340 rubber tappers and 148 condom factory workers (46 administrative workers and 102 shop-floor operatives). The first stage of the study entailed collection, by questionnaire, of data on sociodemographic, life-style, working conditions, sleep patterns, daily preference, chronobiological profile (chronotype), and morbidities and musculoskeletal pains reported. In the second stage of the study, after applying exclusion criteria, a total of 62 workers (42 rubber tappers and 20 factory workers) were selected. In this stage, rubber tapper and factory workers were followed up for 21 days and 10 days, respectively. During the follow-up period, data was collected on activity/rest patterns (actimetry), light exposure, and melatonin levels in saliva. Results The results of the first stage revealed that the work days and days off of rubber tappers differed with regard to start, end and duration of sleep time (p<0.01). Akin to rubber tappers, differences in sleep patterns (start and end times) were also noted among the factory workers, across all shifts studied (morning, evening and night) for work days and days off. The second stage of the study found that having electricity available in the home had a significant effect on the start time and duration of sleep and on the start time of melatonin secretion of the rubber tappers (p<0.01). The rubber tappers exhibited an earlier start time for melatonin secretion, having a similar pattern to that found in some of the factory workers, possibly related to a greater tendency for morningness. In addition, rubber tappers were exposed to greater intensity and periods of light (natural and artificial) compared to the factory workers. The factory workers had higher sleepiness scores during morning and night shifts, with night shifts associated with the occurrence of sleep disturbance and fatigue at waking. Conclusion The differences in the workers´ sleep patterns between work days and days off observed for both rubber tappers and factory workers suggest an influence of working hours on the wake-sleep cycle of the population studied. Presence of electricity, as well as exposure to light (natural and artificial), had an important role in the expression of the circadian rhythm/timing system of the workers studied.

Objetivo Investigar a associação dos horários de trabalho e padrões de exposição à luz com ciclo vigília-sono e secreção de melatonina em trabalhadores da Reserva Extrativista Chico Mendes. Método Estudo transversal realizado no município de Xapuri, Acre, com 340 seringueiros e 148 trabalhadores uma fábrica de preservativos (46 trabalhadores administrativos e 102 operários). Na primeira etapa do estudo foram coletados, por meio de questionários, dados sociodemográficos, hábitos de vida, condições de trabalho, padrões de sono, preferência diurna, perfil cronobiológico (cronotipo), morbidades referidas e relato de dores musculoesqueléticas. Na segunda etapa do estudo, observando critérios de exclusão, foram selecionados 62 trabalhadores (42 seringueiros e 20 operários). Nesta etapa, seringueiros e operários foram acompanhados por 21 dias e 10 dias, respectivamente, nos quais foram coletados dados referentes ao padrão de atividade/repouso (actimetria), exposição à luz e melatonina salivar. Resultados Os resultados da primeira etapa mostraram que os dias de trabalho e folga dos seringueiros são diferentes em relação aos horários de início, fim e duração de sono (p<0,01). Similarmente aos seringueiros, também foram observadas diferenças relativas aos padrões de sono (horários de início e fim), entre os operários, em todos os turnos estudados (matutino, vespertino e noturno), segundo dia de trabalho e dia de folga. A segunda etapa da pesquisa evidenciou que a presença de energia elétrica na residência teve efeito significativo no horário de início e duração de sono e no horário de início da secreção de melatonina dos seringueiros (p<0,01). Os seringueiros mostraram um adiantamento do horário de início da secreção de melatonina, padrão semelhante ao encontrado em parte dos operários, o que pode estar relacionado a uma maior tendência à matutinidade. Além disso, os seringueiros foram expostos à intensidade e período de luz (natural e artificial) maiores quando comparados aos trabalhadores da fábrica. Os operários apresentaram maiores escores de sonolência nos turnos matutino e noturno, sendo este último associado à ocorrência de distúrbios de sono e fadiga ao acordar. Conclusão A distinção observada entre os padrões de sono dos trabalhadores, segundo dias de trabalho e folga, tanto para seringueiros quanto trabalhadores da fábrica, sugere a relevância dos horários de trabalho no ciclo vigília-sono da população estudada. A presença de energia elétrica, assim como a exposição à luz (natural e artificial), revelaram papel significativo na expressão do sistema de temporização circadiana dos trabalhadores estudados. / Aim To investigate the association of working hours and light exposure patterns with the wake-sleep cycle and melatonin secretion of workers from the Chico Mendes Extractivist Reserve. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in the city of Xapuri, Acre, involving 340 rubber tappers and 148 condom factory workers (46 administrative workers and 102 shop-floor operatives). The first stage of the study entailed collection, by questionnaire, of data on sociodemographic, life-style, working conditions, sleep patterns, daily preference, chronobiological profile (chronotype), and morbidities and musculoskeletal pains reported. In the second stage of the study, after applying exclusion criteria, a total of 62 workers (42 rubber tappers and 20 factory workers) were selected. In this stage, rubber tapper and factory workers were followed up for 21 days and 10 days, respectively. During the follow-up period, data was collected on activity/rest patterns (actimetry), light exposure, and melatonin levels in saliva. Results The results of the first stage revealed that the work days and days off of rubber tappers differed with regard to start, end and duration of sleep time (p<0.01). Akin to rubber tappers, differences in sleep patterns (start and end times) were also noted among the factory workers, across all shifts studied (morning, evening and night) for work days and days off. The second stage of the study found that having electricity available in the home had a significant effect on the start time and duration of sleep and on the start time of melatonin secretion of the rubber tappers (p<0.01). The rubber tappers exhibited an earlier start time for melatonin secretion, having a similar pattern to that found in some of the factory workers, possibly related to a greater tendency for morningness. In addition, rubber tappers were exposed to greater intensity and periods of light (natural and artificial) compared to the factory workers. The factory workers had higher sleepiness scores during morning and night shifts, with night shifts associated with the occurrence of sleep disturbance and fatigue at waking. Conclusion The differences in the workers´ sleep patterns between work days and days off observed for both rubber tappers and factory workers suggest an influence of working hours on the wake-sleep cycle of the population studied. Presence of electricity, as well as exposure to light (natural and artificial), had an important role in the expression of the circadian rhythm/timing system of the workers studied.

Pastaraisiais metais augant kelių transporto sektoriui didėja konkurencija tarp vežėjų. Siekdami užimti kuo didesnę rinkos dalį bei gauti kuo daugiau pelno, dažnai vežėjai siekia sutrumpinti pervežimų laiką pažeisdami nustatytas vairuotojų darbo ir poilsio laiko reguliavimo taisykles. Siekiant užtikrinti sąžiningą konkurenciją, o taip pat užtikrinti mobilių darbuotojų, kurie dirba ypatingomis darbo sąlygomis, sveikatą bei pagerinti eismo saugumą keliuose, būtina specialus darbo ir poilsio laiko reguliavimas, nustatytas Europos Sąjungos bei tarptautiniuose teisės aktuose. Lietuva įstojusi į Europos Sąjungą įsipareigojo perkelti į nacionalinę teisę bendrus reikalavimus, susijusius su darbo ir poilsio laiku, tačiau perkeliant teisės aktus kyla problemų, apie kurias mažai diskutuojama. Todėl magistro baigiamojo darbo tikslas yra išnagrinėti kelių transporto darbuotojų darbo ir poilsio laiko reguliavimo ypatumus, atskleisti ir išanalizuoti šių darbuotojų darbo ir poilsio laiko reguliavimo ypatumų problemas ir pateikti pasiūlymus dėl reguliavimo tobulinimo. Remiantis tarptautiniais, Europos Bendrijos ir nacionaliniais teisės aktais, darbe analizuojama prielaidos diferencijuotam kelių transporto darbuotojų darbo reguliavimui bei darbo ir poilsio ypatingo reguliavimo tikslai, nagrinėjama specialūs pagrindiniai tarptautiniai, Europos Bendrijos bei nacionaliniai teisės aktai, reguliuojantys kelių transporto darbuotojų darbą, lyginama šiuo metu galiojantys ir jais pakeisti teisės aktai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / In recent years competition between carriers has been growing simultaneously with road transport sector. With the aim to cut as large piece of market and to make as big profit as it is possible carriers often strive for shortening transportation period by violating the set rules for driver‘s work and rest time. In order to ensure fair competition and health of mobile employees, which work in particular conditions, as well as to improve road traffic safety, specific work and rest time control, in particular the one set out by legal acts of the European Union and international laws, is in urgent need. Having entered the European Union Lithuania has like-for-like undertaken to transfer general requirements related to work and rest time to its national law, however, such transfer causes considerable amount of problems, which have not been discussed widely and in greater detail. Therefore, the aim of this MA thesis is to analyze work and rest time control peculiarities of road traffic sector employees, to reveal and discuss problems related to such control and make offers on its improvement. Following international and national laws and legal acts of the European Union, this paper analyzes preconditions for differential control of the work of people employed in road transport sector and purpose of specific work and rest time control, discusses the main specific international and national laws and legal acts of the European Community regulating work of road transport sector... [to full text]

L'emploi salarié hors cursus durant l'année universitaire peut-il affecter les résultats universitaires ? A partir des données tirées d'enquêtes nationales (les enquêtes « Conditions de Vie » de l'Observatoire national de la Vie Etudiante (OVE) et Panel 1995 du Ministère de l'Education National), cette thèse a pour ambition d'analyser à l'échelle de la France, le travail salarié des étudiants sous toutes ses formes et de relever les différents impacts qu'il pourrait avoir sur la réussite universitaire. Il ressort de l'analyse que le travail salarié a une influence négative et significative sur les résultats académiques. Cependant, ce n'est pas le travail en lui-même qui porte préjudice aux étudiants mais plutôt tout un ensemble de caractéristiques propres à l'emploi telles que l'intensité du temps accordée à l'emploi et le secteur d'embauche. De plus, il semblerait que ce soient les meilleurs étudiants qui font le choix de travailler pendant les études tandis que les étudiants non-salariés n'auraient pas intérêt à cumuler emploi et études. En somme, l'exercice d'une activité professionnelle pendant les études peut constituer une première expérience professionnelle utile, à condition qu'elle n'empiète pas trop sur le temps d'études et qu'elle soit liée aux études. Une politique publique qui inciterait les étudiants à ne pas travailler au-delà du temps partiel pourrait leur être favorable. Enfin, l'étude particulière des étudiants de première année de Licence nous montre que la majorité des étudiants-travailleurs inscrits en L1 et ayant abandonné leur année universitaire ne travaillait pas de manière intensive. L'activité professionnelle hors cursus n'est donc pas le seul élément qui peut justifier du taux d'échec alarmant des L1. / Students' employment during the academic year can it affect academic performance? Using data from national surveys (surveys "Living Conditions" of the National Observatory of Student Life (OVE) and Panel 1995 of the Ministry of National Education), this thesis aims to analyze, at the scale of France, students' employment in all its forms and to identify the different impacts it could have on academic achievement. This analysis shows that students' employment has a negative and significant influence on academic achievement. However, it's not the employment itself that is detrimental to students but some characteristics of these activities, such as the job intensity and the hiring sector. Moreover, it seems that they are the best students who work while studying, whereas unemployed students would have no incentive to combine jobs and education. In short, combine study and job can become a first professional experience useful for students, provided that job is linked to studies and does not interfere too much on school time. Public policy that would encourage students not to work beyond the part-time could be favorable to them. Finally, the particular study on students in university first year shows that the majority of students-workers enrolled in L1 who have abandoned their academic year not working intensively. Employment outside the curriculum is not the only factor that can justify the alarming failure rate of L1.

Cette thèse s’inscrit dans la démarche de l’Économie du bien-être au sens où elle répond au double enjeu qui guide cette discipline, à savoir faire des mesures de bien-être subjectif des sujets d’analyse en soi et des outils visant à améliorer l’analyse économique. La première partie de cette thèse explore l’interaction existant entre temps de travail au sein des couples et le bien-être subjectif. Le Chapitre 1 démontre qu’être simultanément sur-employés peut avoir un effet positif sur le bien-être des deux membres du couple. Le Chapitre 2 démontre que les femmes travaillant plus que leurs maris subissent des baisses de bien-être. Ce Chapitre présente une posture nouvelle dans la littérature au sens où il prouve que cette baisse de bien-être ne semble pas imputable aux normes de genre mais à l’absence de justice dans la distribution des tâches au sein du ménage. La seconde partie de cette thèse adopte une posture différente au sens où le bien-être subjectif y devient un outil permettant l’évaluation de politiques du marché du travail. Le Chapitre 3 démontre que les réductions du temps de travail implantées en France et au Portugal à la fin des années 1990 ont amélioré en moyenne la satisfaction des travailleurs vis-à-vis de leur emploi et de leur temps de loisir. Le Chapitre 4 évalue l’effet direct et les externalités causés par la hausse de la contribution Delalande en France en 1999. Cette contribution visait à protéger l’emploi des seniors. Ainsi, l’augmentation de cette contribution a augmenté la perception de sécurité des seniors concernés mais ceci s’est fait aux détriments de leurs plus jeunes collègues, qui ont vu leur perception de sécurité de l’emploi diminuer. / The present thesis contributes to the literature by exploring how relative working time within households and changes in legal norms on the labour market are linked to subjective wellbeing. Bydoing so, this thesis matches the objectives of the Economics of Wellbeing in that it both considers subjective wellbeing as a subject of study per se and a tool for economic analyses. The first part ofthis thesis examines how relative working time in household affects subjective wellbeing. Chapter 1 demonstrates that being simultaneously overemployed may translate into higher wellbeing of both couple members. Chapter 2 shows that women working more than their husbands are likely to experience wellbeing losses. However, this Chapter is innovative in that it demonstrates that these losses in utility are not caused by violation of gender norms but because of the unfairness of the time allocation within household. The second part of this thesis adopts a different perspective sinceit takes subjective wellbeing as a tool to perform welfare analysis of labor market reforms. Chapter3 estimates the impact of working time reductions implemented in Portugal and France at the end ofthe 1990’s and concludes that workers experienced increases in job and leisure satisfaction. Chapter4 evaluates the impact of the increase in the Delalande tax in 1999. This tax aimed at keeping older workers in the labor force. Then, this Chapter shows that perceived job security of older workers increased thanks to the higher Delalande tax but this has been done at the cost of lower perceived job security of their younger colleagues.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / O presente estudo teve por finalidade a compreensÃo do lugar do trabalho reprodutivo para donas de casa da cidade de Fortaleza - CE. Entendemos que a mulher sempre esteve inserida no mundo do trabalho, inicialmente no Ãmbito domÃstico e nos cuidados parentais, que aos poucos vem sendo reconhecido, por meio de novos regulamentos, como trabalho. ApÃs a RevoluÃÃo Industrial, essa atuaÃÃo feminina se torna mais representativa frente à massa de trabalhadores, e permanece crescente na contemporaneidade. Todavia, sua participaÃÃo no mundo do trabalho foi desde sempre marcadamente precÃria (jornadas parciais, subcontratos, trabalhos temporÃrios, terceirizaÃÃo, por exemplo). Somando-se a isso, à mulher ainda cabe grande parte dos trabalhos domÃsticos e cuidados parentais, como os estudos sobre DivisÃo Sexual do Trabalho apontam. Contudo, existe um contingente de mulheres que permanecem unicamente no Ãmbito domÃstico, doravante denominadas donas de casa, e que se ocupam, exclusivamente, do trabalho reprodutivo, invisÃvel e nÃo-remunerado. Ancorados nessa realidade, tomamos como sujeitos da pesquisa donas de casa da cidade de Fortaleza - CE, no intuito de compreender a realidade de trabalho dessas mulheres, que muitas vezes sÃo âinvisÃveis socioeconomicamenteâ. A metodologia da pesquisa foi de natureza qualitativa, na qual foram utilizadas para coleta de dados o diÃrio de campo e as entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais, que foram gravadas e transcritas. A anÃlise dos dados se deu atravÃs da AnÃlise TemÃtica, situada dentro da AnÃlise de ConteÃdo. Tomamos as teorias da DivisÃo Sexual do Trabalho, dentro da vertente das relaÃÃes sociais de sexo, e a Teoria dos Tempos Sociais, alÃm da Ãtica da Psicologia Social do Trabalho, como aportes teÃricos e analÃticos que respaldaram a anÃlise do material erigido no estudo. Como resultados, obtivemos que o trabalho das donas de casa pesquisadas ocupa o lugar de centralidade nas suas vidas, assumindo um carÃter estruturador e organizador do cotidiano dessas mulheres, que se veem como trabalhadoras legalmente nÃo reconhecidas. / The present study aimed to understand the place of reproductive work for housewives in the city of Fortaleza - CE. We understand that women have always been inserted in the working world, initially in the domestic sphere and in parental care, which is gradually being recognized through new regulations as work. After the Industrial Revolution, this feminine performance becomes more representative compare to the mass of workers, and remains increasing in contemporaneity. However, their participation in the working world has always been markedly precarious (partial days, subcontracts, temporary jobs, outsourcing, for instance). In addition to this, women still have a large part of domestic work and parental care, as studies on the Sexual Division of Labor point out. However, there is a contingent of women who remain exclusively in the domestic sphere, hereinafter referred to as housewives, and who exclusively deal with reproductive, invisible and unpaid work. Anchored in this reality, we take as research subjects the housewives of the city of Fortaleza - CE, in order to understand the work reality of these women, who are often âsocioeconomically invisibleâ. The methodology of the research was qualitative, in which were used for data collection the field diary and individual semi-structured interview, which were recorded and transcribed. The analysis of the data was done through the Thematic Analysis, situated within the Content Analysis. We take the theories of the Sexual Division of Labor, within the framework of social sex relations, and the Social Times Theory, besides the optics of the Social Psychology of Work, as theoretical and analytical contributions that supported the analysis of the material erected in the study. As results, we have obtained that the work of the housewives researched occupies the place of centrality in their lives, exerting a structuring and organizing character