<p>Syftet med min uppsats är att studera attityder till svenska språket i Finland. Jag har intervjuat sju finskspråkiga gymnasieelever i södra Finland. Syftet med intervjuerna är primärt kvalitativt. Jag har velat bilda mig en uppfattning om vilka faktorer som påverkar de intervjuades attityder och även försöka förstå varför man har de attityder man har och vari de bottnar. Jag har även velat se hur ålder vid studiestarten i svenska påverkarattityderna. Därför har jag valt att intervjua både dem som har börjat studera svenska i lågstadiet och dem som börjat sina studier i högstadiet.</p><p>Resultatet visar att det finns flera faktorer som påverkar de intervjuades attityder. En faktor är kontakter med de svenskspråkiga och den vardagliga närvaron (eller frånvaron) av svenska språket. Undervisningens kvalitet och hurdan lärare man har i svenskämnet påverkar också. Även omgivningens attityder kan ha en viss påverkan. Bland mina informanter framstår den instrumentella funktionen som mest central i formandet av attityderna: informanterna läser svenska för att de tror sig ha nytta av det nu och i framtiden. Även den affektiva funktionen påverkar i vissa fall informanterna: en positiv attityd till svenska språket samt en stor vilja och motivation att lära sig det uttrycker en lust att känna tillhörighet till den andra gruppen (svenskspråkiga) utöver den egna (finskspråkiga). Flera informanter har åsikter om ålder vid studiestart i svenska och hur det kan påverka attityderna. Alla mina informanter har en positiv eller mer neutral attityd till svenska språket i sig och även de svenskspråkiga. Gällande åsikter om den obligatoriska undervisningen i svenska i Finland är åsikterna delade.</p>

The aim of this study is to examine the semantic architecture of the motif complex the four elements, i.e. fire, air, water and earth, in the Swedish poet Gunnar Ekelöf’s poem A Mölna Elegy (1960). The poem belongs to the same polyphonic and quotative-allusive tradition as T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land and Ezra Pound’s Cantos. The four elements may be regarded both as four separate motifs and as constituting one semantically coherent motif complex. The latter reading has to do with the fact that the phrase the four elements is not itself present in the text. Thus, the thesis includes the assumption that this motif complex, heavily suggested by items in the text but still omitted, might function as a text matrix, from which a number of themes emerge such as life–death and time. The thesis has a theoretical anchoring in ideas about semantic frames (Barsalou) when discussing semantic relations between the different element-related words in the poem, and how these words may be linked to the concepts ‘fire’, ‘air’, water’ and ‘earth’ respectively. Traditional lexical relations such as hyponymy, antonymy and meronymy only catch the more obvious relations such as fire–glow, warm–cold and tree–branch, but are unable to explain pragmatically based relations between words linked to the same conceptual domain, such as sea–jetty, water–sink, fly–air and the like. To some extent, the thesis also draws upon Riffaterre’s theories about a poem’s matrix and how meaning arises in such texts. A major finding of the study is the heavy lexical presence of the four elements in the poem, expressed and suggested by a great number of semantically heterogeneous words. This semantic pattern is analysed in detail with the aid of semantic frame theory. A further discovery is that most of the element words imply dichotomies such as motion–repose, warmth–cold, light–dark or soft–hard. The elements have most of the dichotomies in common, which strongly suggests a union of all the four elements. Such a union is also suggested by several conspicuous compounds never earlier recorded in Swedish, such as glödstänk (‘glowspray’), vindstänk (‘windspray’), eldsus (‘fire sough’) and vågsus (‘wave sough’). The meetings of element are also described at the syntactic level as an explicit amalgamation of all four elements, which suggests a theme not earlier noticed. This theme may tentatively be called the cyclical amalgamation.

The subject of this study is perspective in police reports. The overall aim is to introduce new tools for analysing perspective in written narratives. The material consists of reports based on different accounts of the same conflict from a number of people (the suspect, the injured part and witnesses), that is, different versions of the same sequence of events. The study begins with a theoretical discussion of perspective in literary texts and of some characteristics of the police reports examined. Two tools are developed to analyse linguistic means for identifying perspective. The first analytical tool can be placed within the framework of cognitive semantics. Analysis here concerns seeing space differently and having different limits in one’s way of experiencing the sequence of events. This conceptualisation of the focaliser (the person whose perspective is reported) is realised in the text through certain spatial expressions associated with the concept of centre. To analyse the centres chosen, the image schema centre–periphery is used in examining instances of the adverbs fram and bort and their derivations. The second analytical tool can be placed within the theoretical framework of dramaturgy. Analysis here concerns perceiving the dramatic development of events differently, that is, dramatic patterns in the different versions of the conflict and which character is given the most active role in it. The differences can be seen in the focaliser’s choice of events and how aggression is consciously or unconsciously described in terms of how different characters cause the conflict to escalate. The hypothesis being tested is whether the suspect’s perspective is discernible in the report of the suspect’s account. The hypothesis is confirmed. The study shows that the tools introduced work successfully in the analysis of perspective. Both analyses yield results, which in both cases can be validated.

<p>Abstract</p><p>The aim of this study is to describe similarities and differences in the inscriptions of runestones in</p><p>today's county of Kronoberg, the former county of Värend and, in addition, a part of the former</p><p>county of Sunnerbo. The study is based on 27 remaining runestones which are analysed through</p><p>choice of words and runes, orthography and decorations.</p><p>The section of choice of words and runes are categorised and based on the choice of choosing</p><p>one particular word over another and of choosing one particular rune over another. Orthography is</p><p>based on the spelling of five particular words; efter, sten, reste, hjälpe and och. Monophtongisation</p><p>is discussed and analysed. The section of decorations has two subsections; 1) crucifixes and</p><p>”suns”, and 2) other forms of decoration.</p><p>The study showed that the runestones had some significant numbers of similarities and</p><p>differences. The study also showed that the option of choosing one word, or rune, over another was</p><p>probably a conscious choice made by the runic inscriber himself. The spelling of the five words</p><p>revealed a limited number of spelling choices, and that monophtongisation had occurred in some</p><p>words. The majority of the runestones had some form of decoration, usually a crucifix, which were</p><p>categorised. However, attribution could only be made in a few cases, due to the limited amount of</p><p>criteria used.</p><p>Keywords: crucifixes, decorations, Kronoberg, monophtongisation, runes, runestones, Sunnerbo,</p><p>Värend</p>

Disposal and deaccessioning are difficult subjects in the museum and archaeological field. Archaeological materialin museums grows only with time and increased number of excavations. Therefore problems are rising in themuseum field. In this thesis disposal and deaccessioning of archaeological material in the Nordic countries isstudied. The main question is: How is the disposal of archaeological material in the Nordic countries handled?Legislations of the countries and museum policies were studied with disposal or deaccessioning in mind. Questionswere sent to a museum in each country to get first hand information about the subject. Disposal of archaeologicalmaterial is not handled in the same way in the five countries. Two of them, Denmark and Norway havesimilar systems. But the other three have another process in these matters. The word disposal seems not to havethe exact same meaning in all of the countries. In this thesis it is argued that there is no theory that has a clearsolution about what disposal of archaeological material is. I have come to the conclusion that this is an issue thathas to be handled in the museums and the first step is to have a clear policy on disposal and deaccessioning inthe archeological field / Gallring är en svår fråga i museer och på det arkeologiska fältet. Det arkeologiska materialet i museer växer ioch med de arkeologiska utgrävningarna. Detta skapar ett stigande problem inom museum. Denna uppsats behandlargallring av arkeologiskt material i de nordiska länderna. Huvudfrågan är: Hur hanteras gallring av arkeologisktmaterial i de nordiska länderna? Ländernas lagstiftning och museer policy har studerats med gallring iåtanke. Frågor har skickats till ett museum i varje land för att få information om hur de hanterar gallring. De ärinte desamma i de fem länderna. Danmark och Norge använder liknande system medan de tre andra länderna haren annat system. Ordet gallring verkar inte ha exakt samma innebörd i alla länder. I uppsatsen diskuteras det attdet inte finns någon teori som har en klar lösning över gallring av arkeologiskt material. Jag har kommit till slutsatsenatt detta är en fråga som måste hanteras i museer och det första steget är att ha en tydlig policy om dessafrågor i museerna.

The aim of this dissertation is twofold. On one hand, I describe the use of tense in the second language of the deaf – written Swedish. There is no previous description of this. On the other hand, I operationalize the transitivity model (Hopper &amp; Thompson 1980) and test its scope. I test in part whether transitivity as it is described by Hopper &amp; Thompson (1980) can be used to explain the use of tense by the deaf in my study. The reason why I connect transitivity with the use of tense is that I would like to see whether a transitivity analysis of a text can replace classification into foreground and background. If so, a transitivity analysis should be a sufficient method for testing the discourse hypothesis, which maintains that second language learners use their emerging verb morphology to signal foreground and background rather than tense. The material I use for both these aims consists of a total of 129 essays written by deaf high school students. The results show that the percentage of clauses with an appropriate choice of tense in all three subsets of material is high. One interesting trend that could be discerned with regard to use of tense is that when informants use a tense that is appropriate for the genre, their command of that tense is better than when it is used in a genre for which it is less appropriate. Calculations testing the hypothesis of co-variance between the components in the transitivity model show in general that such co-variance exists. Nonetheless, the degree of this varies and is far from total. Taken together, the calculations made in this investigation provide support for the claim that these nine components co-vary with one another. The results also show that there is no correlation between the components and the use of tense. Judging from the results, the value of the different components (positive or negative) appears to have no importance in determining whether the choice of tense is appropriate or not. Nor is there any significant difference in the subsets of material for my investigation of whether the number of positive values that a clause has is relevant in classifying the choice of tense as appropriate.

Formålet med denne undersøgelse er at undersøge om svenske gymnasieelever føler sig som en del af et nordiskt sprogfællesskab. Dette gennem at undersøge hvilken interaktion eleverne har med de nordiske sprog, hvilke sprog de mener at de forstår, hvad læreplanen siger om Norden og de nordiske sprog, samt at undersøge elevernes holdning til de nordiske sprog. 20 elever opdelt i fire fokusgrupper er blevet interviewet, og læreplanen for grundskolen och gymnasiet, samt læreplanen for faget svensk, er blevet analyseret. Læreplanen opfylder ikke de mål og avtaler som findes omkring den samnordiske sprogpolitik, og resultatet fra samtalerne med fokusgrupperne viser at eleverne først og fremmest kommer i kontakt med de skandinaviske sprog, hvilket viser at fællesskabet primært handler om et skandinaviskt sprogfællesskab. Eleverne opfatter norsk som et smukt og let sprog, hvorimod dansk anses være et grimt og svært sprog. Eleverne lægger meget af ansvaret for en vellykked kommunikation mellen de nordiske lande på den anden, da de især synes at danskere bør tilpasse sit sprog.

Diss. Linköping : Linköpings universitet, 2006.

När ett företag inser att dess finansiella situation och resultat inte kommer leva upp till marknadens förväntningar kan de behöva utfärda en vinstvarning. Tidigare studier visar dels att marknaden reagerar med en prisjustering direkt vid utfärdandet, dels att vinstvarningen genererar negativ avvikelseavkastning över tid. Studiens syfte är att undersöka om en vinstvarning leder till negativ avvikelseavkastning på lång sikt efter en vinstvarning på de nordiska börserna. För att uppfylla syftet görs en eventstudie över de i Norden noterade företag som under perioden januari 2010 till och med oktober 2017 vinstvarnat. Resultatet är i enlighet med studiens förväntningar då en signifikant negativ avvikelseavkastning på -3,09 procent under post-eventfönstret observeras. Därav dras slutsatsen att det efter en vinstvarning på de nordiska börserna uppstår långsiktig avvikelseavkastning.

Denna studie undersöker om momentumstrategier kan generera överavkastning på den nordiska aktiemarknaden. Momentumstrategierna som testas är investeringsstrategier som bygger på att köpa tidigare vinnare och blanka tidigare förlorare. Studien testar två momentumstrategier på den nordiska marknaden, baserade på observationer från tidigare studier inom ämnet. Studien behandlar tidsperioden februari 2012 – oktober 2017 och ett urval med bolag noterade på OMX Nordic 40. Uppsatsen har sin teoretiska grund i den effektiva marknadshypotesen och tidigare forskning inom området. Strategiernas avkastning riskjusteras med Jensens Alfa och CAPM. Resultatet visar att ingen av momentumstrategierna uppnår en statistiskt säkerställd överavkastning, och det går inte att förkasta den effektiva marknadshypotesen i dess svaga form.