INTRODUÇÃO: Avaliação da função diastólica de pacientes portadores de estenose ou insuficiência aórtica submetidos à troca valvar. OBJETIVOS: Avaliação da função diastólica através da análise do NTpró-BNP como método não invasivo para caracterização da insuficiência cardíaca diastólica, comparando com os dados ecocardiográficos através do Doppler Pulsado em Fluxo Mitral, Doppler Pulsado em Veias Pulmonares e Doppler Tecidual em portadores de IAO e EAO. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 63 pacientes, 32 pacientes com IAO (25 pacientes do sexo masculino e 7 do sexo feminino), 31 pacientes com EAO (11 pacientes do sexo masculino e 20 pacientes do sexo feminino). As variáveis foram comparadas na média entre os pacientes portador de IAO e EAO no pré e pós-operatório. RESULTADOS: A idade dos pacientes variou de 21 a 81 com média de 55 anos. Observa-se diferença quanto à média de idades entre as diferentes patologias (t-Student p< 0,0001). Os pacientes com IAO apresentam uma média de idade igual a 45,7±14,3 com variação entre 21 e 79 anos e os pacientes com EAO apresentam uma média de idade igual a 61,5±14,7 com variação entre 21 e 81 anos. Na IAO em relação à disfunção diastólica tivemos os seguintes dados com significância estatística do pré para o pós-operatório (6 meses): TRIV (p=0,0011), diferença entre Tempo de onda A mitral e onda A pulmonar (p=0,0097), Vol. Sistólico de AE (p=0,0019), Vol Sistólico de AE Indexado (0,0011), Vol. Diastólico de AE (p=0,0110), DDVE (p<0,0001), DSVE (p<0,0001), VSF (p<0,0001), VDF (p<0,0001), Massa Indexada de VE (p<0,0001) e Relação Volume/Massa do VE (p<0,0001). Na EAO em relação à disfunção diastólica tivemos os seguintes dados com significância estatística do pré para o pós-operatório (6 meses): E/E (p=0,0379), TRIV (p=0,0072), diferença entre o tempo de onda A mitral e tempo de onda A pulmonar (p=0,0176), Vol sistólico de AE(p=0,0242), Vol. Sistólico de AE indexado (p=0,0237), FEdeAE (p=0,0339), DDVE (p=0,0002), DSVE (p=0,0085), VDF (p=0,0194), Massa Indexada de VE (p<0,0001) e Relação Volume/Massa de VE(p<0,0001). O NTpró-BNP se correlacionou positivamente com os diversos graus de disfunção diastólica tanto no pré como pós-operatório CONCLUSÃO: Foram verificados no estudo da função diastólica variação com significância estatística tanto na IAO como na EAO na comparação do pré e o pós-operatório. Da mesma forma notamos variação do NT-proBNP com correlação com as variáveis ecocardiográficas que caracterizam a disfunção diastólica. / INTRODUCTION: Assessment of diastolic function in patients with aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation waiting for aortic valve replacement. OBJECTIVE: Assesment of diastolic function with Doppler methods:Doppler signals from transvalvar mitral inflow, tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and Doppler in pulmonary veins(DPV) correlating with serum brain peptide natriuretic (NTproNP) before and 6 months after aortic valve replacement (AVR). METHODS: We have analyzed 63 patients, 32 with AR (25 males and 7 females), 31 AS (11 males and 20 females).The indices were compared with AS and AR before and after AVR. RESULTS: The ages of patients ranged from 21 to 81 mean age was 55 years old.We have seen difference between mean age of AS and AR (t-Student-p<0.0001). Patients with AR have had mean age 45.67 plus/minus 14.28, range 21 to 79 years old and patients with AS have had mean age 61.50 plus/minus 14.72, range 21 to 81 years old. The patients who had AR the indices showed differences: Isovolumetric Relaxation Time IRT(p=0.0011), Diference between the pulmonary A wave duration and mitral A duration (p=0.0097), Left Atrial Systolic Volume (p=0.0019), Left Atrial Systolic Volume Index(p=0.0011), Left Atrial Diastolic Volume (p=0.0110), Left Ventricular Diastolic Diameter (p<0.0001), Left Ventricular Systolic Diameter (p<0.0001), End Systolic Volume (p<0.0001), End Diastolic Volume (p<0.0001), Left Ventricular Mass Index (p<0.0001) and Left Ventricular Volume and Left Ventricular Mass Index ratio (p<0.0001). Analyzing patients with AS the indices who showed differences: (The ratio of mitral velocity to early diastolic velocity of the mitral annulus) E/E (p=0.0379)(Isovolumetric Relaxation Time)(p=0.0072) IRT, Diference between the pulmonary A wave duration and mitral A duration (p=0.0176), Left Atrial Sistolic Volume (p=0.0242), Left Atrial Systolic Volume Index (p=0.0237), Left Atrial Ejection Fraction (p=0.0339) Left Ventricular Diastolic Diameter (p=0.0002), Left Ventricular Systolic Diameter (p=0.0085), End Diastolic Volume (LVEDV) (p=0.0194), Left ventricular Mass Index(p<0.0001), Left Ventricular Volume and Mass Index Ratio (p<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: As we studied diastolic function we have verified significant statistic variation in aortic regurgitation and aortic stenosis comparing before and after aortic valve replacement. Likewise we have seen there is correlation between NTproBNP and echocardiographic variables that show diastolic dysfunction.

銀行業在一個國家中扮演了重要的角色，許多全國性的金融政策均需透過金融體係靠個別銀行實際執行，而銀行業係服務業之一環，以無形的服務為商品，故人力即成為其關鍵因素。 　　近年來，我國銀行環境隨著金融自由化與國際化而產生了相當大的變化，組織本身之人力資源策略亦應有所調整。本研究即期望經由組織教育訓練與個人生涯發展使組織目標與個人目標之達成最大化，達成雙贏的目的。 　　本研究根據理論文獻的探討與對次級資料的匯整，認為教育訓練係組織為達成組織目標、提昇人員之工作能力而實行之系統；而生涯發展則指個人一生的主要角色之歷程。為提昇組織在實行教育訓練時之效果，則組織在規劃與執行教育訓練時應兼顧個人需求，提昇個人學習動機，藉由瞭解員工在不同生涯階段有不同之生涯需求與激勵因子，和教育訓練之內容加以配合。此外，藉著對員工本身的瞭解，組織在對未來之決策上亦可增加其可行性與降低其風險性。就個人而言，教育訓練的施行則可提昇其工作能力與增加其未來在勞動市場之議價力，且隨著個人能力的提昇，未來之生涯選擇機會亦將增加。 　　本研究分別針對公營、民營與外商銀行作個案式之研究，發現公營銀行主要之問題為受到各種法令的束縛；民營銀行則為資源的不足；而外商銀行為對未來環境的不確定與業務範圍的限制，上述情況使得我國銀行業教育訓練與生涯發展之配合未能有效運作。 　　隨著我國金融自由化與國際化等之趨勢，銀行競爭將日趨激烈，除金融人才之危機外，員工意識與對工作生活品質的要求亦日益提昇。 　　根據本研究發現生涯管理方案係一影響我國金融勞動市場之重要機制，故就組織而言，若欲在勞動市場中取得與留住所須人才，則應實施生涯管理方案，以滿足員工需求並達成組織目標。 　　本研究建議銀行業在人力資源策略之調整上，應兼顧組織不同職位之訓練需求與不同人員之生涯發展需求，實施生涯管理方案。而根據個案研究結果建議：公營銀行應加強組織與人事部門的連結；新銀行對業績過於重視致影響員工之工作權，應有勞基法之保障；而外商銀行之流動率相當高，挖角風盛，故更應照顧個別員工需求，並掌握其生涯訊息，才能掌握所需人才。

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of alternative cropping systems on farm net returns, and nitrate-N and sediment yields in Thomas Brook Watershed (TBW). The study involved integrated bio-physical and economic optimization modelling. Crop yield and nitrate-N pollution response functions were estimated and then used in trade-off analysis between farm returns and environmental quality improvement. Five crop rotation systems were evaluated for seven fertilizer levels under conventional tillage (CT) and no-till systems (NT). Nitrate-N leached, as well as estimated maximum economic rate of N (MERN) fertilizer level and marginal abatement costs depended on crop type, rotation system, and tillage type. The most cost effective cropping systems that met restrictions on Health Canada maximum limit on nitrate-N in water included corn-corn-corn-alfalfa-alfalfa under NT for corn-based cropping systems, potato-winter wheat-carrot-corn under CT for vegetable horticulture-based and potato-barley-winter wheat-potato-corn under NT for potato-based cropping systems.

Bakgrund Den äldre befolkningen lever allt längre och den kroniska sjukdomen diabetes typ 2 blir allt mer förekommande.Behandlingen av diabetes typ 2 består till stor del av råd om livsstilsförändringar som fysisk aktivitet och rekommendationer om kostvanor i kombination med perorala läkemedel och i vissa fall injektioner med insulin. Samtidigt som den äldre personen har diabetes typ 2 kan individen även ha andra sjukdomar, detta ställer höga krav på den enskilda individen och dialogen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten. Vården bör därför öka sin förståelse för äldre personers upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2 Syfte Att belysa äldre personers upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2 Metod Litteraturstudien är grundad på tio kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna söktes och valdes från databaserna Pub Med, CINAHL plus with full text samt SWE Pub Resultat Äldre personers upplevelser presenteras i två huvudteman med respektive subteman. Att som äldre leva med diabetes: upplevdes på olika sätt i kroppen från person till person. Att leva med diabetes upplevdes som en balans i tillvaron men även som en ständig kamp. Känslor av uppgivenhet uppstod och svårigheter att känna glädje i livet, medans andra upplevde sjukdomen som en naturlig del i ålderdomen. Kraven på livsstilsförändringar: att känna kravet på att göra livsstilsförändringar kunde vara svåra att hantera. Att misslyckas med sina livsstilsförändringar gav patienterna skuldkänslor. Hälso- och sjukvården ansågs som en trygghet att luta sig emot i händelse av osäkerhet. Att bli bemött som en egen unik individ och att sjuksköterskan hade ett engagemang och tid att lyssna på vad som var viktigt för patienten upplevdes som ett tillfredställande mötet med vård en Diskussion Äldre personer med diabetes typ 2 vill bli bekräftade och sedda som enskilda unika individer och dialogen i mötet med vården har en avgörande och betydande roll / Background The older population is living longer and diseases such as diabetes type 2 are becoming more prevalent in combination with other diseases. The treatment of diabetes type 2 is largely composed of advice on lifestyle changes such as physical activity and recommendations on diet. This places high demands on the individual and on the communication between the nurse and patient. The health authorities should therefore increase their understanding of older patients' experiences of living with diabetes type 2 . Aim To illuminate older people's experiences of living with diabetes type 2 Methods The literature review based on ten qualitative research articles. The articles was taken from Pub Med and CINAHL Plus with Full Text and SWE Pub Results Older people ́s experiences are presented in two main themes and subthemes. Living with diabetes type 2 was perceived differently in the body from person to person. Living with diabetes was seen as a balance in life but also as a constant battle. Feelings of hopelessness arose and difficulties to enjoy life occurred, while others experienced the disease as a natural part of aging. The requirement to make lifestyle changes could be difficult to manage. Failure to apply their lifestyle changes gave patients guilt. Health care was considered a security to rely on in case of uncertainty. To be treated as an individual and the nursés commitment and time to listen to what was important for the patient was experienced as satisfactory nursing care Discussion Older people with diabetes type 2 want to be recognized as unique individuals by their caregiver and dialogue in nursing care has a crucial and significant role

Background: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is secreted by cardiac ventricular myocytes upon pressure and volume overload and is a prognostic marker to monitor the severity of precapillary pulmonary hypertension and the extent of right heart failure. Objectives: The impact of physical exercise on NT-proBNP levels in patients with left heart disease was demonstrated previously. No data regarding patients with isolated right heart failure and the influence of acute exercise on NT-proBNP serum levels exist. Methods: Twenty patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension were examined. Hemodynamic parameters were measured during right heart catheterization. Serum NT-proBNP of patients was measured at rest, after a 6-min walking test, during ergospirometry and during recovery, all within 7 h. Significant differences in sequential NT-proBNP values, relative changes compared to values at rest and the correlation between NT-proBNP and obtained parameters were assessed. Results: At rest, the mean serum level of NT-proBNP was 1,278 ± 998 pg/ml. The mean level of NT-proBNP at maximal exercise was increased (1,592 ± 1,219 pg/ml), whereas serum levels decreased slightly during recovery (1,518 ± 1,170 pg/ml). The relative increase of serum NT-proBNP during exercise correlated with pulmonary vascular resistance (r = 0.45; p = 0.026) and cardiac output (r = –0.5; p = 0.015). Conclusions: In this study, we demonstrated acute changes in NT-proBNP levels due to physical exercise in a small group of patients with precapillary pulmonary hypertension. Our results also confirm the predominant usefulness of NT-proBNP as an intraindividual parameter of right heart load. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Pirmoje darbo dalyje, remiantis ekonomikos mokslo teorija bei politinės ekonomikos ideologijomis, analizuojama valstybinės valdžios dalyvavimo ekonomikoje privalumai ir trūkumai, nustatomos vyriausybės dalyvavimo ekonomikoje prielaidos. Antrojoje dalyje remiantis Lietuvos pavyzdžiu, nagrinėjamos sritys kuriose vykdomas ekonominis rinkos reguliavimas. Trečiojoje dalyje, remiantis šiandieninės ekonomikos situacija, vertinami Lietuvos vyriausybės sprendimai, vedant šalies ekonomiką iš recesijos. Statistika rodo, vis prastėjančius Lietuvos makroekonominius rodiklius. Analizuojama kokią įtaką tai turės šalies verslui, taip pat šio reiškinio priežastys bei pateikiami pasiūlymai. Problema yra aktuali makroekonominiu mastu, tyrimo rezultatai nukreipti atskleisti šiandieninės ekonominės politikos priežastis. Darbo pabaigoje suformuotos išvados ir pasiūlymai, vertinantys vyriausybinio reguliavimo metodiką, jos reikšmę recesijos metu. / The main purpose of this work is to analyses government regulation of economy, to survey its policy of regulation and to give assessment. In the first part, on the grounds of scientific economical theories and ideologies of political economy, advantages and disadvantages of government intervention into economy are analyzed, as well as preconditions for such regulation. In the second part, the example of Lithuania is examined, analyzing those spheres where the regulation of market exists. In the third part, taking into consideration the contemporary economical situation, attempts to revive economy taken by the Lithuanian government are evaluated. While the economy in the whole world is facing recession, macroeconomic indicators in Lithuania are also low. As a result, this study analysis the reasons of this phenomenon and gives suggestions how to avoid it. As the problem is significant at the microeconomic level, the results of the study will help to reveal the reasons why this economic policy is ineffective. Furthermore, conclusions and suggestions at the end of this study will present methods of government regulation that could accelerate recovery from economical crisis recession. This work includes 8 charts and 24 pictures.

Thesis (M.S.)--Miami University, Dept. of Zoology, 2004. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-47).

O objetivo do trabalho é analisar e compreender os efeitos das características do fibrocimento reforçado com fibras sintéticas na retração por secagem deste compósito. A importância social do fibrocimento como material de construção, justifica a realização do presente trabalho, de modo a expor como acontece a retração por secagem neste compósito, e desta forma auxiliar o meio técnico na mitigação das manifestações patológicas relacionadas à retração e contribuindo para a redução do importante problema da indústria produtora de fibrocimento, que é a fissuração de borda nas telhas onduladas. Para tal buscou-se demostrar o efeito da porosidade e distribuição de tamanho de poros na retração por secagem. Além disso, foram realizados experimentos onde se variou o tipo de cimento utilizado, as quantidades de todas as matérias-primas envolvidas, além da aplicação de tratamentos modificadores da movimentação higroscópica, manipulando diretamente a tensão capilar causadora da retração. Concluiu-se que a porosidade elevada do fibrocimento faz com que a retração por secagem deste compósito seja fortemente influenciada pela porosidade total do mesmo, com correlação direta com a quantidade de mesoporos. Além disso, no estudo de caso realizado concluiu-se que a redução da retração devido à redução da tensão superficial da água do poro, se refletiu em menor fissuração de borda nas telhas onduladas. / The objective is to analyze and comprehend the effects of properties of cement based composite reinforced with synthetic fibers, on drying shrinkage of such composite. The social importance of fiber cement as construction material justifies the execution of the present work, in order to expose how drying shrinkage occurs on this composite and by those means to assist the technical community on mitigating pathological manifestations related to shrinkage, thus contributing for the reduction of an important problem on fiber cement industry, the edge cracking on corrugated sheets. In order to achieve this goal, it was sought to demonstrate the effect of porosity and pore size distribution on drying shrinkage. Moreover, experiments were performed, varying the type of cement used and the quantities of all materials involved, in addition to the application of treatments that modify hygroscopic movement, directly manipulating the capillary tension which causes shrinkage. It was concluded that the elevated porosity of the fiber cement causes drying shrinkage of this composite to be strongly influenced by its total porosity, directly correlated to the quantity of mesopores. Furthermore, in the case study performed it was concluded that shrinkage reduction due to the reduction of pore water surface tension was reflected into minor edge cracking on corrugated sheets.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-30T11:34:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ludmilaeleonoragomesramalho.pdf: 988130 bytes, checksum: 004e2fcbc0818ebb1b6fd3576a8be549 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T02:50:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ludmilaeleonoragomesramalho.pdf: 988130 bytes, checksum: 004e2fcbc0818ebb1b6fd3576a8be549 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T02:50:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ludmilaeleonoragomesramalho.pdf: 988130 bytes, checksum: 004e2fcbc0818ebb1b6fd3576a8be549 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-12 / Este trabalho apresenta uma análise qualitativa da Política de Assuntos Estudantis do Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais (CEFET – MG), visando a estudar o seu aspecto avaliativo e propor a construção de instrumentos de monitoramento. Busca-se com isso contribuir para a percepção da relevância de se avaliar ações de assistência estudantil, sendo o principal objetivo deste trabalho abordar como são analisadas as atividades dessa natureza no contexto do ensino profissional do CEFET –MG. Já os objetivos específicos são: diagnosticar a referida política no que tange aos aspectos avaliativos de execução e acompanhamento; abordar a temática da equidade educacional e relacionar as políticas de assistência estudantil e os indicadores de desempenho educacional. Para isso, o trabalho é dividido em três capítulos, sendo que o primeiro apresenta o caso de gestão, abordando a construção histórica das políticas de assistência estudantil no país, aspectos relativos ao CEFET – MG e a sua Política de Assuntos Estudantis. Já o segundo capítulo se propõe à análise do caso, pela discussão sobre avaliação de políticas públicas, equidade educacional, indicadores escolares e sobre a influência da condição socioeconômica no desempenho, além da apresentação dos dados encontrados pela pesquisa de campo. Para tal, os principais referenciais teóricos utilizados foram o método do ciclo de políticas, proposto por Condé (2011) e Ball (1992 e 1994), e a discussão sobre equidade, elaborada por López (2005). A pesquisa consistiu em uma análise documental que buscou correlacionar estatisticamente indicadores educacionais (aprovação, reprovação e abandono) e o recebimento de bolsas de assistência estudantil, entre os alunos matriculados na Educação Profissional de Nível Médio de um dos campi institucionais do CEFET - MG, no período de 2009 a 2011. Como resultado, foi possível verificar que a bolsa está associada a um menor abandono institucional, ou seja, um estudante bolsista reduziu em 72% a sua chance de abandono no contexto avaliado, comparado com o aluno não bolsista, apesar de não ter sido verificada associação entre a bolsa e os demais indicadores (aprovação e reprovação). Considerando-se apenas alunos bolsistas, a modalidade de ensino e o período do curso vivenciado tiveram influências significativas em seus indicadores escolares. Por outro lado, essa relação não pode ser estabelecida quando abordados dois cursos distintos. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo, de caráter propositivo, discute pressupostos importantes para a construção de um sistema de monitoramento e avaliação das ações de assistência estudantil do CEFET – MG, por meio da elaboração de um software, a fim de qualificar permanentemente a execução da política existente. Além disso, são apresentadas as considerações finais do trabalho, destacando as principais facilidades e dificuldades da pesquisa, bem como indicações de novos possíveis estudos sobre o tema. / This dissertation presents a qualitative analysis of the Student Matters Policy of the Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET – MG), aiming to study its assessment aspects and to propose building assessment instruments. In doing so, we hope to to contribute to the perception regarding the relevance of assessing student assistance matters, having as the main goal of this dissertation is to approach how activities of such nature in the context of CEFET-MG. As for the specific goals, they are: diagnosing such policy in regards to the assessment aspects of execution and follow-up; dealing with the topic of educational equity and relating student assistance policies to academic performance indicators. To do so, the dissertation is divided into three main sections, the first one being the presentation of the management case study, with the discussion of the historical process of building student policies, the description of the institution here studied (CEFET-MG) and of its Student Matters Policy. The second section aims to analyze the case by means of a discussion regarding public policy evaluation, equity, academic performance indicators and the students’ social economic condition, as well as the presentation of data uncovered by field research. The main theoretical references applied were the method of policy cycle, proposed by Condé (2011) and Ball (1992 and 1994), and the discussion of equity, created by Lopez (2005). The research consisted of a documental analysis, which sought to statistically correlate academic indicators (approval, failure and dropout) and the earning of scholarships, among the students enrolled at the secondary school level professional education in one of the institution’s campuses, from 2009 to 2011. As a result, we were able to verify that the scholarship is associated to a lesser dropout rate, that is, a scholarship student had 72% less chance of dropping out when compared to a non-scholarship student, although we did not verify a correlation between the concession of the scholarship and the other indicators (approval and failure). Considering only the scholarship students, the type and moment of the course taken had significant influence over their academic indicators. On the other hand, this relationship could not be established when two different courses were approached. Finally, the third chapter, of propositional character, discusses important prerequisites to the design of a monitoring and evaluation system regarding the student assistance action of CEFET - MG, so that their work may be permanently qualified. Moreover, we present the final considerations regarding the dissertation, highlighting the main points that helped or hindered the research, as well as indication of possible new studies regarding the topic.

Jahresüberblick 1996 Zentrale Rechner-Pools - aktueller Stand der Nutzung, Bereitstellung neuer Pools im Jahre 1997 Windows NT im PC-Pool ¨Dissertationen online¨ - ein Tagungsbericht (Archivierungssystem) Datennetzausbau 1997 Neue CD-ROM im Netz - das Telefonbuch von Deutschland