Au-delà des questions inhérentes à la sûreté des installations nucléaires, l’accident de la centrale Fukushima Dai’ichi du 11 mars 2011 a fait ressurgir ce que certains considèrent comme un paradoxe : le Japon s’est lancé dans l’aventure du nucléaire alors qu’il avait lui-même été victime de la bombe atomique et que, de surcroît, il est régulièrement confronté à des catastrophes naturelles. Par ailleurs, la catastrophe de Fukushima a encouragé une certaine réflexion sur les médias japonais, qui vise particulièrement à critiquer le rôle que ceux-ci ont joué dans la promotion du nucléaire et son acceptation auprès du public japonais dès après la Seconde guerre mondiale. En s'inscrivant dans le champ des études en histoire culturelle, le présent travail vise ainsi à comprendre, à travers le prisme de l'image médiatique, comment le Japon a opéré une transition entre Hiroshima (1945) et Tôkaimura (1957), autrement dit entre le nucléaire militaire et le nucléaire civil, en attachant une importance particulière à la manière dont les discours sur ces "deux nucléaires" ont été articulés dans la presse japonaise. Pour ce faire, nous analysons la manière dont les grands quotidiens nationaux Asahi Shinbun et Yomiuri Shinbun ont traité de l’énergie atomique durant la genèse du projet nucléaire civil japonais (1945-1957), une période charnière démarrant avec les bombardements atomiques d’Hiroshima et de Nagasaki et se clôturant avec la mise en route du tout premier réacteur nucléaire expérimental japonais à Tôkaimura. À travers un plan structuré chronologiquement autour de quatre périodes, nous tentons donc de fournir des éléments de réponse à la question suivante : comment l’énergie nucléaire civile a-t-elle été représentée dans la presse nationale japonaise à l’époque de son introduction dans l’archipel ? Dans la première partie (1945-1949), nous observons comment l’énergie nucléaire a été représentée durant les premières années suivant les bombardements atomiques sur Hiroshima et Nagasaki, alors que le discours sur le nucléaire militaire était censuré par les Forces Alliées et que l’énergie nucléaire civile n’en était encore qu’à ses balbutiements. Dans la deuxième partie (1949-1952), nous analysons comment le socle des représentations de cette énergie évolue alors que la menace de la guerre nucléaire fait surface et que les premiers succès de production d’électricité nucléaire à l’étranger attirent l’attention de la presse japonaise. Notre troisième période (1953-1955) s’intéresse à trois évènements médiatiques qui ont influencé le discours médiatique autour de l’énergie nucléaire : le discours américain Atoms for Peace ; l’incident du thonier Daigo Fukuryû Maru ; et la venue de l’industriel américain John Jay Hopkins sur l’invitation de Shôriki Matstutarô, alors à la tête du quotidien Yomiuri Shinbun. Enfin, dans notre dernière partie (1955-1957) nous analysons tout d’abord la manière dont le quotidien Yomiuri Shinbun a couvert une grande exposition sur "les usages pacifiques" de l’énergie nucléaire qu’il avait lui-même co-organisé avec l’United States Information Agency pour améliorer l’image de cette dernière après l’incident du Daigo Fukuryû Maru. Dans un second temps, nous nous intéressons aux débats politiques à l’heure où le Japon commence à institutionnaliser son projet nucléaire civil. Enfin, nous clôturons cette dernière partie en traitant d’un événement qui devait symboliser l’aboutissement du projet nucléaire civil japonais : la mise en marche du tout premier réacteur nucléaire expérimental du Japon, dans le village de Tôkaimura. / In addition to questions that are inherent to the safety of nuclear installations, the accident at Fukushima Dai’ichi Nuclear Power Plant of March 2011 raised what can be considered a paradox: Japan has embarked on a nuclear adventure even though it has been the victim of a nuclear bomb itself and while it regularly faces natural catastrophes.Furthermore, the Fukushima catastrophe has encouraged some reflexion on the Japanese media, with special focus on the role these have played in the promotion of nuclear energy and in its acceptance by the Japanese public after the Second World War.This study, which belongs to the field of cultural history, aims at understanding through the prism of the media image, in what way Japan has accomplished a transition between Hiroshima (1945) and Tôkaimura (1957); in other words between military nuclear power and civilian nuclear energy, while attaching special importance to how the debate about these two aspects of the nuclear reality has been articulated in the Japanese press. To do this, we analyse the manner in which the big national newspapers: the Asahi Shinbun and Yomiuri Shinbun, dealt with atomic energy during the establishment of the Japanese civilian nuclear project (1945-1957), a pivotal period which started with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and closed with the start-up of the first Japanese experimental nuclear reactor in Tôkaimura. By means of a plan that is structured chronologically around four periods we will try to provide answers to the following question: how was civilian nuclear energy represented in the Japanese national press at the time of its introduction in the archipelago?In the first period (1945-1949), we observe how nuclear energy was represented during the first years following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, at a time that any discussion about atomic bombings was censured by the Allied Forces and that civilian nuclear energy was still in its infancy. In the second period (1949-1952), we analyse how the base of the representations of that energy evolves while the threat of nuclear war surfaces and while the first successes of the production of nuclear energy draw the attention of the Japanese press. Our third period (1953-1955) focuses on three media events which influenced the debate around nuclear energy: the American speech Atoms for Peace; the incident of the tuna fishing boat Daigo Fukuryû Maru and the arrival of the American industrialist John Jay Hopkins at the invitation of Shôriki Matstutarô, the head of the daily newspaper Yomiuri Shinbun. Finally, in our last period (1955-1957) we analyse first of all the manner in which the Yomiuri Shinbun covered the great exhibition on ‘the pacific uses of nuclear energy’ which it had itself co-organized with the United States Information Agency after the Daigo Fukuryû Maru incident, in order to improve the image of the latter. Then, we examine the political debates at the time that Japan began to institutionalize its nuclear civilian project. Lastly we end this part discussing an event that should symbolize the successful conclusion of the Japanese nuclear project: the start-up of the first experimental nuclear reactor in Japan in the village of Tôkaimura.

Hlavným cieľom diplomovej práce je kriticky analyzovať politiku Európskej Únie a jej dopad na činnosť nadnárodnej spoločnosti E.ON. Keďže politika Európskej Únie má za cieľ zefektívniť spôsob podnikania vykonávaného v rámci Európskej Únie a okrem iného má predstavovať garanciu zodpovednosti jak spotrebiteľov, tak dodávateľov operujúcich na trhu, tak zámer práce bol definovaný na analýzu politického vplyvu rozhodnutí Európskej Únie a ich dopad na následné strategické rozhodnutia firmy. Analytická čas práce je preto zameraná na analýzu Európskej energetickej politiky s kladením dôrazu na profil spoločnosti E.ON, Európsku energetickú stratégiu, obnoviteľné zdroje, jadrovú energetiku, bezpečnosť energetickej dodávky a na Európsky systém obchodovania s emisiami.

This graduation thesis deals with evaluation of power and coolant flow in reactor core. The first part is a description of nuclear power plant VVER 440. It is focused on parts important for transfer and utilize energy in regular operating of generating block. In the second part, the equations for calculation of power and coolant flow in reactor core are deduced. The last part is about designing the program for calculation of published values. There are specified requirements for the program and on the basis of this the source code is written. The parts of code are described. In conclusion of this part, the user's manual is work out. The program is on CD in the annexe.

Even though nuclear energy was one the first areas in which European countries started integrating their policies through the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom), the question of nuclear installations safety was only addressed by the EU in the context of the impending enlargement of the Union in 2004. In 2003, the European Commission submitted the first-ever proposal for a European directive on nuclear safety. However, the Council rejected it the following year, opening a five-year-long debate leading to the drafting of a new directive proposal, which was subsequently adopted in 2009. Only two years later, in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima disaster, amending this directive became necessary. Discussions resulted in adopting the amended legislation in the summer of 2014. This master's thesis analyses the main factors influencing the Council's decision-making on either rejecting or adopting the proposed directives in 2004, 2009 and 2014. The analysis is based on the following five scope conditions supposed to lead to integration acceptance by EU member states, as defined by authors Manuele Citi and Martin Rhodes: policy failure and availability of a successful alternative, external influence emanating from foreign countries hardly manageable by the individual states, functional interdependence...

This diploma thesis focuses on the changes in the media image of nuclear power in Ceska Televize, which is the only public television in Czech Republic. The study uses a quantitative research method, content analysis, to find out the changes of nuclear power representation in media and to compare changes of news construction mechanisms in the period of two years - one year before and one year after the Japanese nuclear power plant Fukushima Daiichi disaster. The accident started on 11th March 2011 and there is a short description of the situation in Japan at the beginning of the thesis. The theoretical part of thesis serves as an overview of basic information on principles of the media studies theory and mechanisms of news construction (work with information sources, the news value concept, agenda setting, the framing concept), which is also shown from the environmental point of view. The study also focuses on the nuclear power image in the socio-political field and there are some more information about the nuclear power development and status in Czech Republic. The analytical part of thesis examines the media attention to nuclear power, which was developed in the analysed period. The usage of mechanisms of news construction and the changes in nuclear power image in the news of Ceska Televize...

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Япония находится в жесткой зависимости от внешних поставок энергоресурсов, что представляет серьезную угрозу национальной безопасности страны. После потери ядерных мощностей в связи с аварией на Фукусиме Япония увеличила поставки природного газа, нефти и угля, что привело к повышению цен на электроэнергию, росту государственного долга и потере доходов электроэнергетических компаний. Поэтому перед Японией сейчас стоит задача найти такой путь, который отвечал бы трем основным критериям новой энергетической политики: экономическая эффективность, экологическая безопасность и энергетическая самообеспеченность. Работа выполнена на материалах министерств и ведомств Японии, ответственных за энергетическую политику страны. / Now Japan is almost completely depends on external supplies of energy resources, domestic supplies account for only 10% of total primary energy supplies, which, in turn, threatens national security. After the loss of nuclear facilities, Japan increased supplies of natural gas, oil and coal, which led to higher energy prices for consumers, increased public debt and loss of revenue for electricity companies. Therefore, Japan now has the task of finding a path that would meet the three main criteria of the new energy policy: economic efficiency, environmental security and energy self-sufficiency. The work is based on the materials of the ministries and departments of Japan, responsible for the country's energy policy

Les Etudes Probabilistes de Sûreté (EPS) de niveau 2 en centrale nucléaire visent à identifier les séquences d’événements pouvant correspondre à la propagation d’un accident d’un endommagement du cœur jusqu’à une perte potentielle de l’intégrité de l’enceinte, et à estimer la fréquence d’apparition des différents scénarios possibles.<p>Ces accidents sévères dépendent non seulement de défaillances matérielles ou d’erreurs humaines, mais également de l’occurrence de phénomènes physiques, tels que des explosions vapeur ou hydrogène. La prise en compte de tels phénomènes dans le cadre booléen des arbres d’événements s’avère difficile, et les méthodologies dynamiques de réalisation des EPS sont censées fournir une manière plus cohérente d’intégrer l’évolution du processus physique dans les changements de configuration discrète de la centrale au long d’un transitoire accidentel.<p>Cette thèse décrit l’application d’une des plus récentes approches dynamiques des EPS – la Théorie de la Dynamique Probabiliste basée sur les Stimuli (SDTPD) – à différents modèles de déflagration d'hydrogène ainsi que les développements qui ont permis cette applications et les diverses améliorations et techniques qui ont été mises en oeuvre.<p><p>Level-2 Probabilistic Safety Analyses (PSA) of nuclear power plants aims to identify the possible sequences of events corresponding to an accident propagation from a core damage to a potential loss of integrity of the containment, and to assess the frequency of occurrence of the different scenarios.<p>These so-called severe accidents depend not only on hardware failures and human errors, but also on the occurrence of physical phenomena such as e.g. steam or hydrogen explosions. Handling these phenomena in the classical Boolean framework of event trees is not convenient, and dynamic methodologies to perform PSA studies are expected to provide a more consistent way of integrating the physical process evolution with the discrete changes of plant configuration along an accidental transient.<p>This PhD Thesis presents the application of one of the most recently proposed dynamic PSA methodologies, i.e. the Stimulus-Driven Theory of Probabilistic Dynamics (SDTPD), to several models of hydrogen explosion in the containment of a plant, as well as the developed methods and improvements.<p> / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Die Dissertation setzt sich mit den fotografischen Repräsentationen der Atombombenabwürfe auf Hiroshima und Nagasaki sowie der Havarie des Kernkraftwerks Tschernobyl auseinander. Dabei werden künstlerische, dokumentarische und touristische Bilder analysiert, die sich der jeweiligen Strahlenkatastrophe oftmals erst Jahre nach dem Ereignis annehmen und ikonografische oder medial-materielle Bezüge zu ihr aufweisen. Es zeigen sich zentrale Strategien, atomare Katastrophen, seien sie militärischer oder ziviler Natur, in fotografische Bilder überzuführen. Gerade das eigentliche Unvermögen, die visuell nicht sichtbaren Strahlenemissionen oder die Komplexität der Vorgänge auf atomarer Ebene zu visualisieren, hat sich als prägend erwiesen und bestimmt als Paradigma der Unsichtbarkeit die kulturelle Rezeption der Ereignisse. Es ist dieser Umgang mit den Abstraktionspotentialen der nuklearen Technologie, die im aktuellen Spannungsfeld ökologischer, sozialer und energietechnologischer Bildpolitik ihre Relevanz stets von neuem unter Beweis stellt. / The dissertation project seeks to analyse the photographic positions that deal with the atomic bomb attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the accident of the nuclear power plant in Chernobyl. This focus includes press photographs of the events as well as artistic, documentary and touristic images that take an approach towards the disasters often years after and hereby form iconographic or material references to the events. The study reveals central strategies for photographic images of atomic catastrophes, be they of military or civil nature. It is the inability to visualize non-visible nuclear rays or the complexity of processes on an atomic level that has turned out to be crucial. This incapacity of making images, a paradigm of invisibility, substantially coins the cultural role of the events. The question of how a society deals with these abstract potentials of nuclear technology has turned out to be always anew of high relevance in regard to ecological, social and technological policies of images.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:28:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Daniela Maria Riquelme.pdf: 3664410 bytes, checksum: f671a6b4378f17885fbd022301cd8f41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-12-03 / This present work has the intention to present the environment as a diffuse good belonging to an undetermined plurality of subjects, which are undividable in relation to its holders and their protection is responsibility of Public Power and also the collectivity. Therefore, when we deal with sustainable energy consumption, which is in the present case the alternative energy sources, we are preserving the current environment for us and for the future generations, respecting ourselves as citizens and the legal norms / A presente dissertação pretende demonstrar que o meio ambiente é um bem difuso pertencente a uma pluralidade indeterminada de sujeitos, indivisíveis em relação aos seus titulares e cuja defesa incumbe tanto ao Poder Público quanto a coletividade. Desta forma, quando nos preocupamos com o consumo consciente da energia, no caso presente das fontes alternativas de energia, estamos cuidando do meio em que vivemos, tanto para nós quanto para as futuras gerações respeitando, assim, nós mesmos como cidadãos e, as normas legais