Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University / The present study deals with the relations of the Netherlands "London" Government with the German-occupied territory during World War II. The writer begins with the postulate that the London Government might be expected to provide in some measure for the maintenance of domestic order, for the welfare and safety of its citizens in the occupied territory; that it would be able to maintain communications with that territory; to serve as a focus for national unity; and to maintain its existence in order to assume authority at the time of liberation. Owing to the nature of the german occupation, the London Government could neither directly engage in "remote" administration nor provide directly for the welfare and safety of its citizens. A single major exception appears in an effective railway strike ordered by the London Government [TRUNCATED]

This dissertation explores the social and material arrangements in which the cotton market emerged as an object of social scientific inquiry and liberal government in Egypt during the first three decades of the British occupation (1882-1912). This new figuration of the cotton market did not emerge as the natural unfolding of a universal modernity, economic rationality or the inherent logic of capital. Instead, as this study demonstrates, it was a much more earthly affair. In the wake of financial and ecological crises, the colonial elite allied themselves with economists to embed new technologies of calculation into the Egyptian countryside. In the process, they reconfigured what a market was.

No description available.

This thesis examines strategies of rule deployed during the British occupation of north-western Germany from 1945 to 1949 and explores instances of cooperation and conflict between the occupiers and the occupied population. While the literature has primarily looked at the occupation through the lens of big political projects, this study analyses the application of quotidian ruling strategies and the making of stability on the ground. Techniques for controlling the German population were devised during the war and transmitted to officials through extensive training. Lessons from previous occupations and imperial experiences also entered the Military Government’s ruling philosophy by way of the biographical composition of its top cadre. Once in Germany, the British instituted a system of ‘indirect rule’ which relied on focal points of visibility as embodied by their local officials charged with cooperating with German notables, and invisible instances of supervision in the form of mass surveillance of civilian communications. To illustrate the way the occupiers dealt with conflict, the thesis analyses the dispensation of punishment for breaking Military Government laws, demonstrating that the British often issued severe punishment when their monopoly of force was contested, thus belying the notion of a particularly docile occupation. During mass popular protests, however, they sought to use moderate German trade unionists as intermediaries tasked with diffusing popular unrest, who were co-opted in exchange for material and propagandistic support. The British also used German administrators at the local and regional level, many of whom had a distinctively technocratic and conservative profile and who were appointed for their administrative experience rather than for their political inclinations. Through lobbying by British ecclesiastical figures, the occupiers also cooperated extensively with the German Churches, who were seen as effective partners in the re-Christianisation of Germany and increasingly as an essential bulwark against Communism. The thesis concludes that the long-term legacies of the British occupation lay in the effects of ‘indirect rule’, which exacerbated social inequalities by strengthening the profile of certain social elites at the expense of mass politics. The occupation is finally placed within the comparative context of occupations in Western Europe during the mid-20th century, which had the common legacy of buttressing elites who were primarily concerned with the making of stability rather than with participatory democracy, thus giving the post-war era its conservative mould.

This article aims at realizing the perception influence of inhabitants in a landscape composition at Lorenzi community – Santa Maria/RS. Therefore, it is a study about perception seeking for an understanding about how individuals comprehend the landscape built from the experiences of each one and how they relate in the environment they live. The landscape is considered in a systemic perspective since it results from the society and nature interaction. In order to accomplish the goals, some studies about Brazilian urbanization were performed so as to understand the urban expansion in Santa Maria/RS. It was necessary the study of urban expansion among 2004 and 2015 years, the geomorphological description and interviews. The area of study has endured an irregular occupation process from 1990 decade attracting limited income people which occupied these spaces resulting in an uncontrolled growth. The morphological description identified that Lorenzi community is placed in a hill area which expands to the flood plain areas of arroyo Cadena. This characteristic allowed the urban expansion process hence the Avenida Sol Poente occupation originated, the first occupation in 1996 and Portelinha, the second occupation (2008). During the occupation process, the flood plain of arroyo Cadena was the most unstable which represents a great risk to the inhabitants of the area due to some cases of flooding. From the geomorphological comprehension of the area, interviews with some inhabitants of the flooding area of the arroyo Cadena, Lorenzi community, were conduct in order to verify the socioeconomical and occupational impacts. Hence, it was concluded that the interviewees noticed the relation among rainwater, flooding, and humidity in their lands and in order to solve the problem, landfills were used, changing then, the landscape shape. The inhabitants identified the problems of Lorenzi community and carried out some modifications aiming at their own interests and, currently they do not have any problems concerning the harmony of the landscape. It was necessary the combination of several parts of society to aprehend that they live in a watershed which constitutes the whole system and, the harmony in this landscape depends on their actions in this area. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal compreender a influência da percepção dos moradores na configuração da paisagem da Vila Lorenzi - Santa Maria/RS. Neste sentido, trata-se de um estudo sobre a percepção, visando a compreender como os indivíduos percebem a paisagem, construída a partir das experiências de cada um e na forma como se relacionam com o meio em que vivem. A paisagem aqui estudada é vista sob uma perspectiva sistêmica, porquanto decorre da interação da sociedade com a natureza. A fim de atingir os objetivos propostos, foram realizados estudos sobre o processo de urbanização do Brasil, para compreender a expansão urbana de Santa Maria/RS, sendo necessário o estudo da expansão urbana da vila Lorenzi, entre os anos de 2004 e 2015, a descrição geomorfológica e a realização de entrevistas. A área de estudo passou por um processo de ocupação irregular, a partir da década de 1990, atraindo população de baixa renda, que acabou por ocupar esses espaços, ocasionando um crescimento, até certo ponto, sem controle. A descrição geomorfológica identificou que a vila Lorenzi está localizada numa área de colinas que se alongam para as áreas de planície fluvial do arroio Cadena. Essa característica permitiu o processo de expansão urbana, surgindo, assim, a ocupação da Avenida Sol Poente, primeira ocupação no período de 1996, e a Portelinha, segunda ocupação (2008). Durante o processo de ocupação, a área mais alterada foi a planície fluvial do arroio Cadena, que apresenta risco para os moradores da área, devido a ocorrências de casos de inundações. A partir da compreensão geomorfológica da área, foram realizadas entrevistas com os moradores da planície de inundação do arroio Cadena, na vila Lorenzi, a fim de verificar as condições socioeconômicas e ocupacionais. Com isso, chegou-se à conclusão de que os entrevistados perceberam a relação entre pluviosidade e o processo de inundação, umidade em seus terrenos e, para solucionar o problema, utilizaram-se de aterros, alterando, dessa forma, a paisagem. Os moradores identificaram os problemas da vila Lorenzi, realizaram alterações na paisagem visando a seu bem/interesse próprio e, hoje não possuem uma preocupação com a harmonia da paisagem. Faz-se necessária a união de diversos segmentos da sociedade para compreender que habitam numa bacia hidrográfica, que compõe o todo de um sistema e que, para a harmonia dessa paisagem, dependem das suas ações nesse espaço.

Cette étude se penche sur les mentalités de la société allemande durant la phase de sortie de guerre dans la zone d'occupation française, entre 1945 et 1950. L'approche se fait à travers l'étude des discours portant sur la misère, appréhendée en fonction de ses deux aspects principaux: la nourriture et l'habitat. Il s'agit d'étudier la façon dont le sujet a été traité par les particuliers, dans un corpus de lettres adressées aux administrations allemandes, mais également dans la presse de la zone, et par les élites politiques. Cela permet de mettre en valeur les réseaux d'interactions de plusieurs discours dans la société allemande. Notre étude se propose d'interroger les enjeux de ces discours sur la misère, entre victimisation, blocage mémoriel, antagonisme franco-allemand, et mythe politique de l'année zéro. / This dissertation focuses on the mentalities of German society during the aftermath of the war within the aera under French responsability, from 1945 to 1950. The analysis of the literary terminology of misery will be apprehended through both the food- and housing-related complaints. We will study the way in which the subject is treated by private individuals in a body of letters addressed to German administrations, in the local newspapers as well as voiced by the political elites. This will enable us to cross several different perspectives and how they interact within German society. Our study will question the strategies that are at stakes in these writings: between victimization, memorial block, Franco-German antagonism and the political myth of the year zero.

nÃo hà / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi identificar os fatores (de carÃter pessoal, da formaÃÃo acadÃmica e de carÃter ocupacional) que influenciam na probabilidade de obtenÃÃo da ocupaÃÃo na Ãrea do curso de graduaÃÃo e/ou do aumento da renda dos egressos dos cursos de graduaÃÃo da Universidade Federal do CearÃ. Para alcanÃar esse objetivo, a metodologia aplicada foi de pesquisa descritiva, explicativa, e quantitativa, utilizando-se de dados primÃrios, obtidos atravÃs de questionÃrios aplicados junto a 597 graduados de 2011, adquirindo-se uma amostra de 100 colaboradores, alÃm de dados secundÃrios, planilhas contendo o IRA-Geral e IRA-Individual dos graduados, obtidos no banco de dados da PrÃ-Reitoria de GraduaÃÃo. O mÃtodo de anÃlise dos resultados da pesquisa fez uso do modelo economÃtrico de escolha binÃria logit. Das respostas dos questionÃrios, observou-se, principalmente, que a maioria dos graduados, em anÃlise, da UFC està ocupada na Ãrea do curso de graduaÃÃo e obteve um aumento na sua renda. Dos resultados estimados verificou-se que 4 (quatro) variÃveis explicativas influenciam positivamente (aumentam) na probabilidade do graduado obter ocupaÃÃo na Ãrea do curso de graduaÃÃo: etnia, experiÃncia profissional anterior, outro(s) curso(s) superior(es) e turno do curso. Verificou-se, tambÃm, que 3 (trÃs) variÃveis explicativas elevam a probabilidade do graduado obter aumento da renda: IRA-Geral, ocupado na Ãrea do curso de graduaÃÃo e outro(s) curso(s) superior(es). Jà a variÃvel idade influencia negativamente (diminui) na probabilidade do graduado obter aumento de renda. Ademais, os 2 (dois) modelos Logit estimados para ocupaÃÃo e renda produziram resultados consistentes com a realidade, e foi validada a hipÃtese da pesquisa de que o IRA-Geral dos graduados da UFC representa um fator determinante na obtenÃÃo do aumento da renda dos mesmos. / The main point of this research was to identify which factors (concerning to personal aspects, academic training and occupational character) influence on the probabilities related to occupation in the areas of graduation courses and income growth on the egresses from the graduated students at the Universidade Federal do CearÃ. In order to achieve this goal, the applied methodology was the descriptive and explanatory research, also quantitative, using primary data, obtained through questionnaires applied to 597 graduated students in 2011, then acquiring a sample of 100 contributors, besides secondary data, spreadsheets containing general and individual â API (Academic performance index) from the graduated students of Pro-Reitoria de GraduaÃÃo database. The result analysis method was an econometric model logit of binary choice. Concerning to the answers, it was verified that the most part of the graduated students in analysis are engaged in areas related to their graduation courses and have increased their incomes. From the estimated results, it could be verified that 4(four) explanatory variants influence positively (increase) on chances of a given graduated student to get an occupation in a field related to his graduation course: ethnicity, previous professional experience, another graduation course and the course time. Further, it could be verified that 3 (three) explanatory variables increase the probabilities of getting an income raise, which are: general-API, working in an area related to the graduation course and another graduation course. As for the age-variable, it is considered to influence negatively (diminish) on the probability of obtaining an income raise. Besides, the 2(two) Logit estimated models for occupation and income showed results which were consistent with the reality, and was validated the research hypothesis which states that the general API of UFC graduate students is a determining factor in getting the increased income of the same.

nÃo hà / O objetivo deste trabalho à construir uma funÃÃo de demanda por serviÃos de hotelaria para o Brasil, de modo a oferecer à indÃstria hoteleira um diagnÃstico adequado sobre os principais determinantes da taxa de ocupaÃÃo. Tal processo serà realizado a partir de informaÃÃes extraÃdas do FÃrum de Operadores Hoteleiros do Brasil â FOHB, o qual apresenta observaÃÃes sobre a taxa de ocupaÃÃo, revpar, diÃria mÃdia, localizaÃÃo, fluxo de indÃviduos e sazonalidade para dez capitais brasileiras, as quais sÃo: SÃo Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, VitÃria, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Salvador, BrasÃlia, Curitiba, Porto Alegre e Manaus. Os dados apresentam-se de forma mensal e corresponde ao perÃodo entre janeiro de 2009 e dezembro de 2012. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se na tÃcnica de dados em painel, em suas versÃes para efeito fixo, efeito aleatÃrio e modelo dinÃmico. Os resultados destacam o efeito depreciativo do preÃo da diÃria, do componente sazonal e do fluxo de indivÃduos sobre a ocupaÃÃo, enquanto que a dummy de localizaÃÃo e o RevPar impactaram de forma positiva. Tais fatos indicam que o serviÃo de hotelaria à um bem do tipo comum, que apresentam variaÃÃes negativas no consumo em perÃodos de baixa estaÃÃo e flutuÃÃes positivas quanto maior a qualidade do serviÃo. / The objective of this work is to construct a function of demand for hotel services to Brazil, in order to offer the hotel industry a proper diagnosis of the main determinants of occupancy. This process will be conducted based on information extracted from the Hotel Operators Forum Brazil - FOHB, which presents observations on the rate of occupancy, RevPAR, daily price, location, seasonality and flow individuals to ten Brazilian capitals, which are SÃo Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, VitÃria, Belo Horizonte, Fortaleza, Salvador, BrasÃlia, Curitiba, Porto Alegreand Manaus. The data are presented on a monthly basis and corresponds to the period between January 2009 and December 2012. The methodology used is based on the technique of panel data, in its versions for fixed effect, random effect and dynamic model . The results highlight the prejudicial effect of the daily rate, the seasonal component and the flow of individuals on the occupation, while the dummy location and RevPAR positively impacted. These facts indicate that the hotel service is a very common type, which exhibit negative changes in consumption during the low season and positive the higher the quality of service fluctuations.

Neste trabalho faz-se o questionamento e a caracterização do executivo, buscando inicialmente observar como seu papel pode ser compreendido de uma perspectiva sociológica, tomando a Administração de Empresas como profissão e verificando a hipótese de se enquadrar o executivo como profissional. O cargo e a função do executivo são examinados sob o ângulo da burocracia, em sentido geral e no capitalismo, e são identificadas suas competências e condutas demandadas no atual estágio de racionalização das modernas organizações, mostrando que a atuação do executivo transcende o âmbito estritamente burocrático. A vocação do executivo, dimensão \"irracional\" como no sentido de paixão, é revelada em aparente contradição com seu lado racional de planejamento ou controle do negócio e da carreira - e também disso depende sua ascensão profissional. Por fim, revela-se o executivo como portador de um capitalismo, responsável pela continuidade de um sistema de dominação racionalmente legitimado e pela reprodução e expansão do capital, para o que não raro deve promover transformações em sua própria estrutura, a organização capitalista. Nesse sentido o executivo pode nos sinalizar um novo paradigma de profissional no capitalismo moderno. / This work questions and characterizes the executive, initially trying to understand his role under a sociological perspective and Business Administration as a profession to check the hypothesis of framing executive effectively as a professional. The executive function and position are examined by the viewpoint of burocracy, both in a general sense and in special in the capitalism. His competencies and conducts required in the modern organization present stage of rationalization, to reveal that he plays a role that is beyond the mere burocratic domain. The vocation of the executive, \"non rational\" dimension as in the sense of passion, is shown in apparent contradiction to his rational business and own career control and planning - this is also decisive in his professional progress. Finally, the executive is revealed as \"carrier\" of Capitalism, responsible for the continuity de a system of authority rationally legitimated and for the reproduction and growth of capital, for which sake he must eventually promote transformations in its own structure, the capitalist organization. In so far, the executive can point out to a new professional paradigm in contemporary Capitalism.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina1.pdf: 254358 bytes, checksum: 593adb28d538c5c2861891c37594d96d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-05 / The soils reflects in the landscape its own evolution, it can be in its genesis or in the different process that transform its morphology. The morphopedologyc study, besides the importance to comprehend the distribution of the soils in the landscape and to identify the different uses and occupation, can also be revealed in a good base of dados for the plan programs of soils, it means to say, that contributes for the better knowledge of this natural resource, considered the economic basis of the agriculturist and cattleman of the town Marechal Cândido Rondon. The methodology adopted in this search was the integrate study of the dados, surveyed from letters, satellite images, field research and the elaboration of thematic maps (soil and declivity), that were fundamental for the confection of the final product, that in this case, is the morphopedologyc map of the town area. From these maps and the study of the units of the landscape it was understand the variations morphopedologyc characteristics of landscape units and their different uses, and identify areas with problems related to erosion and vegetation growth in sectors with higher slope as the unit of the Platô, sub-unit of Bela Vista and Sao Roque. It is valid to consider that this document can be used in a future plan, as much the agricultural areas as the urban and periurbanas of the town of Marechal Cândido Rondon, West Region of the State of Paraná. / Os solos refletem na paisagem a sua própria evolução, seja na sua gênese ou nos diferentes processos que transformam a sua morfologia. O estudo morfopedológico, além de importante para compreensão da distribuição dos solos na paisagem e para a identificação dos diferentes usos e ocupações, pode também se revelar numa boa base de dados para os programas de planejamento do solo, o que significa dizer, que contribui para o melhor conhecimento deste recurso natural, considerado a base econômica da agricultura e pecuária do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon. A metodologia adotada nesta pesquisa foi a do estudo integrado dos dados, levantados a partir de cartas, imagens de satélite, trabalhos de campo e da elaboração de mapas temáticos (solo e declividade), que foram fundamentais para a confecção do produto final, que neste caso, é o mapa morfopedológico da área do município. A partir desses mapas e do estudo foi possível compreender as variações morfopedológicas das unidades de paisagem e seus diferentes usos, além de identificar áreas com problemas relacionados aos processos erosivos e no desenvolvimento da vegetação em setores com maior declividade como na Unidade do Platô, sub-unidade de Bela Vista e São Roque. Vale considerar que este documento pode e deve ser utilizado no planejamento futuro, tanto das áreas agrícolas como urbanas e periurbanas do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, região Oeste do Estado do Paraná.