O trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre os processos de ocupação da rua pelo teatro, na busca por compreender aspectos que caracterizam a relação entre teatro e cidade atualmente. A investigação configura-se como um estudo de caso múltiplo, pois abrange cinco grupos de teatro da cidade de Porto Alegre, com experiências distintas em teatro na rua. O procedimento de coleta de dados adotado foi a entrevista a partir de um roteiro semiestruturado, em que artistas representantes dos grupos expuseram suas considerações sobre o tema em questão. Através da análise dos depoimentos dos representantes, aliada às leituras dos teóricos parceiros da pesquisa, emergiram determinadas categorias, a partir das quais se estruturou o presente trabalho. Nesse sentido, quatro capítulos constituem o fio discursivo que busca dissertar sobre aspectos “implícitos” aos depoimentos e que caracterizam a prática de ocupação da cidade de Porto Alegre. Dentre os teóricos referenciais da pesquisa, destacam- se: Narciso Telles, Ana Carneiro, André Carreira, Licko Turle, Jussara Trindade, Fernando Peixoto, Rosyane Trotta, Kill Abreu, Jessé Oliveira e Néstor Garcia Canclini, cujo acesso possibilitou a abordagem de temas que permeiam o exercício do teatro de grupo, a ocupação dos espaços da cidade e suas relações com o público e as interfaces do teatro contemporâneo frente à diversidade de práticas teatrais na cidade. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa situa-se como parte constituinte dos estudos que relacionam teatro e espaço urbano, responsáveis por reconfigurar o panorama de material produzido e publicado sobre o tema, em franca expansão. / The work aims to reflect on the processes of occupation by the street theater, searching for understand aspects that characterize the relationship between theater and the city today. The investigation is configured as a multiple case study because it includes five theater groups in the city of Porto Alegre, with different experiences in street theater. The data collection procedure adopted was the interview from a semi-structured script, in which artists group representatives expressed their considerations on the topic in question. Through analysis of the statements of representatives, combined with readings of theoretical research partners, certain categories emerged, from which the present work was structured. In this sense, four chapters constitute the discursive thread that seeks to dissert on aspects "implicit" and that characterize testimonies to the practice of the occupation of the city of Porto Alegre. Among the theoretical referential of the research include: Narciso Telles, Ana Carneiro, André Carreira, Licko Turle, Jussara Trindade, Fernando Peixoto, Rosyane Trotta, Kill Abreu, Jessé Oliveira and Néstor Garcia Canclini, whose access allowed to approach themes that permeate the exercise of the theater group, the occupation of city spaces and their relations with the public and the interfaces of contemporary theater facing the diversity of theatrical practices in the city. In this regard, the research stands as a constituent studies relating theater and urban space, responsible for reconfiguring the landscape of material produced and published on the subject, in full expansion.

Libya, one of less advanced countries, has experienced extensive demographic change in recent decades. Although, efforts have been made to collect descriptive statistics relating to population change (such as Censuses), there has been no serious explanations of demographic change by academics of the reasons behind population trends in Libya.This thesis sought to explore in a rigorous fashion the extent to which socio-economic circumstances, particularly increased levels of female education, has influenced female fertility behaviour. This hypothesis was examined for the population of El Gebel El Akhdar, Libya.The study was based on a sample of 600 married women categorised by location (urban and rural), age (below and above 45 years) education level and socio-economic status. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used to understand fertility differentials for both the older and younger women included in the survey both in urban and rural areas. It was demonstrated that there were important changes in female fertility behaviour taking place both in relation to the intermediate variables (marriage, post-partum infecundability, contraception) as presented in Bongaarts? theory (1982, 1985) and in relation to socio-economic factors (education, occupation, income, age difference of partner, place of birth and residence). Female education was given special attention in the research following the general research framework of Jeffery and Basu theory (1996).Females with higher educational attainment, and thus higher employability, were characterised by relatively higher ages at first marriage, a smaller family size and a concurrently positive attitude towards approval and use of family planning and using contraceptive. They also engaged in a period of shorter breastfeeding. The inverse emerged as true for uneducated women.In addition to the effect of education on fertility, it emerged that change in female fertility behaviours and attitudes were also influenced by the interaction of many other socio-economic factors such as income, occupation, and partner age difference. On the contrary, the place of birth and place of residence did not help to explain fertility outcomes.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:42:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cristina1.pdf: 254358 bytes, checksum: 593adb28d538c5c2861891c37594d96d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-05 / The soils reflects in the landscape its own evolution, it can be in its genesis or in the different process that transform its morphology. The morphopedologyc study, besides the importance to comprehend the distribution of the soils in the landscape and to identify the different uses and occupation, can also be revealed in a good base of dados for the plan programs of soils, it means to say, that contributes for the better knowledge of this natural resource, considered the economic basis of the agriculturist and cattleman of the town Marechal Cândido Rondon. The methodology adopted in this search was the integrate study of the dados, surveyed from letters, satellite images, field research and the elaboration of thematic maps (soil and declivity), that were fundamental for the confection of the final product, that in this case, is the morphopedologyc map of the town area. From these maps and the study of the units of the landscape it was understand the variations morphopedologyc characteristics of landscape units and their different uses, and identify areas with problems related to erosion and vegetation growth in sectors with higher slope as the unit of the Platô, sub-unit of Bela Vista and Sao Roque. It is valid to consider that this document can be used in a future plan, as much the agricultural areas as the urban and periurbanas of the town of Marechal Cândido Rondon, West Region of the State of Paraná. / Os solos refletem na paisagem a sua própria evolução, seja na sua gênese ou nos diferentes processos que transformam a sua morfologia. O estudo morfopedológico, além de importante para compreensão da distribuição dos solos na paisagem e para a identificação dos diferentes usos e ocupações, pode também se revelar numa boa base de dados para os programas de planejamento do solo, o que significa dizer, que contribui para o melhor conhecimento deste recurso natural, considerado a base econômica da agricultura e pecuária do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon. A metodologia adotada nesta pesquisa foi a do estudo integrado dos dados, levantados a partir de cartas, imagens de satélite, trabalhos de campo e da elaboração de mapas temáticos (solo e declividade), que foram fundamentais para a confecção do produto final, que neste caso, é o mapa morfopedológico da área do município. A partir desses mapas e do estudo foi possível compreender as variações morfopedológicas das unidades de paisagem e seus diferentes usos, além de identificar áreas com problemas relacionados aos processos erosivos e no desenvolvimento da vegetação em setores com maior declividade como na Unidade do Platô, sub-unidade de Bela Vista e São Roque. Vale considerar que este documento pode e deve ser utilizado no planejamento futuro, tanto das áreas agrícolas como urbanas e periurbanas do município de Marechal Cândido Rondon, região Oeste do Estado do Paraná.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T15:14:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissertacaoAlvaroMariJunior.pdf: 1595805 bytes, checksum: e28cca660a9476cecd39dcb19ab1c847 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-17 / The overall population growth coupled with technological advances means that there is a growing demand for energy, which results in the search for sources to meet this need . To seek less impactful ways of obtaining energy , the renewable ones began to take space in the research lines related to the generation of this important input , and among such energy sources is vegetable oil that can be extracted from oilseeds . However , when trying to view the energy potential of wind energy , the limitations on the area for cultivation , as tool to aid preparation of planting plans of such plants arises geoprocessing becomes feasible to allow an analysis of various physical characteristics and climate , the elaborate work used a new methodology grounded in geoprocessing , and it found a potential of up to 137,436 tonnes of vegetable oil using canola crop that was growing in that region studied showed better adaptability , the other crops had lower potential , respectively and found the maximum potential production of vegetable oil in the values of 1,304 , 9,974 and 55,464 tonnes for the cultivation of Sunflower, Soybean and Cotton respectively. The methodology presented costs for obtaining the results , however it presented a disability by failing to accurately define the regional water system , thus necessitating future studies aimed at improving the same / O crescimento populacional global aliado aos avanços tecnológicos faz com que haja uma crescente demanda energética, que resulta na busca por fontes para suprir tal necessidade. Na busca de formas menos impactantes de obtenção de energia, as fontes renováveis começam a tomar espaço nas linhas de pesquisa referentes à geração desse importante insumo, e dentre tais fontes de energia, encontra-se o óleo vegetal, que pode ser extraído de plantas oleaginosas. Porém, ao tentar visualizar o potencial energético desse tipo de energia; surge a limitação referente à área para cultivo, como ferramenta de auxílio para elaboração de planos de semeadura desse tipo de plantas, o geoprocessamento torna-se viável por permitir uma análise de diversas características físicas e climáticas, sendo possível elaboração de análises rápidas e de baixo custo, no trabalho elaborado utilizou-se uma nova metodologia embasada no sistema de informações geográficas, e com ela constatou-se um potencial de até 137.436 toneladas de óleo vegetal utilizando o cultivo de canola, que foi o cultivo que na região estudada apresentou melhor adaptabilidade, os demais cultivos apresentaram menores potenciais, sendo encontrado respectivamente o potencial máximo de produção de óleo vegetal nos valores de 1.304, 9.974 e 55.464 toneladas para os cultivos de Girassol, Algodão e Soja respectivamente. A metodologia apresentou baixo custo para a obtenção dos resultados, porém a mesma apresentou uma deficiência ao não conseguir definir com exatidão o regime hídrico regional, necessitando assim estudos futuros visando aprimoramento da mesma

My dissertation consists of three essays that study the college premium in China and how it has been affected by China’s higher education expansion. In the first essay, I utilize the high education expansion as exogenous source to estimate the college premium. The rapidly changing access to college provides a rare opportunity to estimate a local treatment effect (LATE) of college education on earnings by utilizing the drastic increase in college admission rate in 1999. I also utilize the yearly admission rate as an instrumental variable for the endogenous college education. Using China Household Income Project 2013, the two IV estimates of college premium are 75.7 and 57.5 log points respectively. The second essay examines the trends of the college earnings premium by age groups from 1995 to 2013 in China. Specifically, based on China Household Income Projects, the college premium for the younger group (age 25-34) stagnated, while the college premium for the older group (age 45-54) increased substantially. I attribute the stagnation for the younger group to the fast-growing relative supply of younger college workers due to China’s higher education expansion. Holding the age cohort and survey year constant, a one unit increase in log relative size of college workers leads to 10.3 log points decrease in college premium. The third essay further explores the channel through which the cohort size affects the college premium. Using Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition, I find that, for all survey years and age groups, the differential of the higher-skilled occupations share between college and non-college educated workers only explains a small part of college premium, 10%-30%. The part due to the higher-skilled occupational premium is negligible. Over 70% of the college premium is contributed by the college premium among the workers with lower-skilled occupations.

According to the theory of cognitive reserve, cognitively enriching aspects of life experience (e.g., education, occupation, and leisure activity) foster the development of more efficient neural networks and cognitive strategies, enabling individuals to cope more effectively with the pathology of dementia. Using extant data from a population-based study, we examined: (1) the effect of reserve accrued through middle life on course of neuropsychological decline; and (2) the role of ongoing engagement in mentally stimulating leisure activities in rate of general cognitive and functional deterioration. In linear mixed models, level of occupational attainment did not affect rate of cognitive or functional decline, although women were found to undergo more rapid deterioration in cognitive ability. Occupational skill area was associated with trajectory of decline in several neuropsychological domains. Specifically, vocations emphasizing practical, hands-on skills were associated with slower deterioration in auditory-verbal and visual memory, as well as visuospatial and constructional abilities. Teaching and helping professions, in contrast, were associated with more rapid decline in memory and executive functioning. Increased engagement in cognitive leisure activities through late life was associated with slower deterioration in general cognitive ability in mild dementia, but its effects were no longer evident in more severe AD. An understanding of how rate of decline intersects with patients' past histories and efforts to maintain and enhance cognitive capacity will enable clinicians to target areas for cognitive training and rehabilitative therapy.

Historiography tends to seek patterns of inevitability, attempting to explain a decided course rather than incorporating other evident, though unfulfilled possibilities. In the case of historiography on the Allied Occupation of Japan, this is particularly obvious. Occupation scholarship appears absorbed by the overarching US presence in Japan during this period, reflects the dominant paradigm of the Cold War and when it does venture past the US remains focused on the US-Japan dichotomy. Australia also participated in the Occupation, also held a vision for a Pacific future and developed a relationship with Japan. Often the Australian perspective did not coincide with that of the US especially on the terrain of ideological and historical experiences and interpretations. The potential for conflict between the two nations’ approaches to post-surrender Japan is particularly evident in labour reform policy and issues of social and economic justice – the focus of this thesis. Australian policies towards labour reform under the Chifley Labor Government are examined in this thesis within the context of the Australian labour movement’s historical legacy, Orientalism and racial stereotypes, the Cold War, US hegemony, idealism and pragmatism and overall Australian policy towards Occupied Japan as a dual-paradigm structure. This thesis investigates attempts to turn labour reform polices and ideals into practice, via the diplomatic control machinery established for the Occupation namely the Allied Council for Japan and Far Eastern Commission and as articulated by Australian government representatives including Dr H.V. Evatt, William Macmahon Ball, Patrick Shaw and Sir Frederick Eggleston. The thesis contests the predominant simplistic harsh peace label given to Australian policy in the current literature. By examining Australian policy towards Occupied Japan from a micro perspective, what emerges is a more complex foreign policy mosaic to which the research in this thesis is a contribution / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

À l'intérieur du territoire des Bituriges Cubi (Indre, Cher et ouest de l'Allier), les informations archéologiques concernant l'occupation rurale ont fait l'objet d'une série d'analyses, spatiales et quantitatives. À l'aide d'un système d'information géographique (SIG), elles ont été largement corrélées entre elles ainsi qu'avec les informations environnementales. Ainsi, le rôle déterminant de différents facteurs (réseau hydrographique, exposition des versants, etc.) dans l'implantation rurale gallo-romaine a nettement été mis en évidence. Ce sont les sols qui paraissent avoir le plus influencé la répartition des habitats ruraux gallo-romains. L'environnement des exploitations agricoles antiques regroupe généralement des types de sols variés et complémentaires. Les sols argileux lourds, aux potentiels agricoles variables, ainsi que les sols alluviaux et colluviaux y sont particulièrement bien représentés. En revanche, les terres hydromorphes ont été significativement rejetées.

Cette étude d'archéologie spatiale s'intéresse à l'évolution du peuplement antique dans une zone relativement restreinte, située dans l'arrière-pays languedocien, en marge des pôles majeurs du peuplement régional. Ce travail s'inscrit dans la lignée des recherches consacrées au peuplement ancien du Languedoc oriental effectuées ces dernières décennies. La contribution spécifique de ce travail réside dans une analyse plus poussée du rôle du milieu géographique - physique et humain - dans l'évolution de l'occupation du sol, appréhendée sur la longue durée, du VIIe siècle avant J.-C. au VIIe siècle après J.-C. Deux axes de recherche ont été développés : la caractérisation des ressources agropastorales - en faisant notamment usage des ressources de la télédétection satellitaire -, et la modélisation du réseau de communication - conçue par la méthode des cheminements optimaux. S'appuyant sur un secteur d'étude riche du point de vue de la documentation archéologique (recueillie dans le cadre de programmes de prospection pédestre systématique réalisés entre la fin des années 70 et la fin des années 90), ce travail méthodologique s'intègre dans le programme de recherche ArchaeDyn.

L'étalement urbain modifie l'occupation des sols et la physionomie des campagnes, menace l'agriculture périurbaine, et entraîne des conséquences sur le plan environnemental. Il provoque des perturbations des écosystèmes et constitue une menace sérieuse pour la biodiversité. Dans le contexte actuel d'une artificialisation accélérée des terres, l'étude de l'étalement urbain, l'évaluation et l'anticipation de ses impacts présentent un intérêt tant pour les scientifiques que les gestionnaires du territoire. Les objectifs de cette thèse sont de retracer précisément l'évolution de l'urbanisation sur Rennes Métropole, d'évaluer son impact sur la structuration des habitats écologiques, et de modéliser son évolution selon différents scénarios afin d'évaluer leurs conséquences sur l'occupation des sols et sur la biodiversité. Pour cela, une méthode de reconstitution des trajectoires d'occupation et d'utilisation des sols a d'abord été développée à partir de données de télédétection afin de mettre en évidence l'extension urbaine et de l'analyser à différentes échelles, allant du département d'Ille-et-Vilaine depuis vingt ans à de petits sites de quelques km² depuis les années 50. Ensuite, les paysages urbains actuels et passés ont été caractérisés à l'aide d'indicateurs relevant de l'écologie du paysage, avant de mettre ces derniers en relation avec des données biologiques. Enfin, les changements d'occupation du sol ont été modélisés selon différents scénarios avec un modèle intégrant un automate cellulaire, afin d'évaluer les impacts des scénarios sur les changements d'usage des sols et des paysages et sur la biodiversité. L'analyse des changements d'occupation du sol observés par télédétection illustre une nette progression du tissu urbain aux trois échelles étudiées, une régression des forêts et espaces verts à l'extérieur de la tache urbaine contre une augmentation à l'intérieur de cette tache, une fragmentation progressive des surfaces artificialisées et des espaces verts, une faible connectivité des espaces verts entre la ville et la périphérie. La mise en relation des données paysagères avec les données biologiques montre qu'au niveau des végétaux, l'urbanisation affecte le nombre d'espèces qui diminue sensiblement en allant du périurbain vers l'urbain. Au niveau des animaux, les résultats montrent que l'urbanisation affecte différemment les taxons en fonction de leur capacité de dispersion. L'analyse de l'occupation des sols projetée à un horizon 2020 selon différents scénarios montre que l'évolution 2005-2020 est très marquée, mais que les différences d'occupation des sols entre les scénarios et donc leurs impacts sur la biodiversité sont à peine perceptibles d'un scénario à l'autre. Ceci peut s'expliquer par le fait que l'évolution des surfaces urbanisées à Rennes Métropole est très contrainte par les différents documents de planification déjà existants, mais sans doute aussi par le modèle et la précision des données qu'il utilise. Mots-clés : Etalement urbain, Occupation des sols, Télédétection, Méthode Orientée-objet, Indices paysagers, Biodiversité, Modélisation, Automate cellulaire, Scénarios.