Les investisseurs étrangers dans les secteurs de services occupent une position particulière dans le droit économique international : ils sont couverts par des accords internationaux d'investissement ainsi que par des disciplines multilatérales sur le commerce des services. Contrairement à ce que la pratique actuelle suggère, les deux principales composantes du droit économique international, à savoir le droit commercial et le droit des investissements, fusionnent. Ils partagent non seulement des principes et des règles essentiellement équivalents, mais leurs disciplines s'appliquent également aux mêmes sujets et situations. Les accords internationaux d'investissement et les règles de l’OMC sur le commerce des services (disciplines de l'AGCS), bien que de nature très différente, présentent des principes communs qui favorisent l'investissement international dans les secteurs de services. En particulier, les deux ensembles d'accords consacrent des obligations de non-discrimination entre les investisseurs étrangers et nationaux dans les secteurs de services. Dans cette situation, les investisseurs étrangers profitent également des obligations que les deux ensembles d'instruments imposent aux États contractants. Ces instruments prévoient de solides mécanismes de règlement des différends en cas de violation de leurs obligations. Les investisseurs étrangers dans les secteurs de services peuvent donc avoir recours à deux mécanismes alternatifs de règlement des différends pour contester les mesures de leurs pays hôtes qui enfreignent les obligations internationales.L’OMC, contrairement au CIRDI, est beaucoup plus qu’un simple système de règlement des différends : l’OMC possède un élément institutionnel important qui a la capacité de fournir et d’appliquer les valeurs systémiques. Cette différence fondamentale entre le système de règlement des différends de l’OMC et d’arbitrage du CIRDI fournit une perspective analytique à travers laquelle l’étude évalue et compare la portée précise du chevauchement entre les disciplines du commerce et de l'investissement, ainsi que la capacité des parties privées à recourir à ces mécanismes de règlement des différends.Du point de vue méthodologique, deux approches sont concevables. Une analyse comparative et contextuelle : l'accent est mis sur les accords internationaux accordant la qualité pour les parties privées dans les procédures internationales de règlement des différends. L'attention est attirée sur le droit international du commerce et d'investissement, en comparant les principes, les règles et les mécanismes de règlement des différends du cadre de l'investissement international (y compris les accords qui définissent les relations d'investissement internationales) et le cadre d'investissement assez limité de l'OMC, principalement les dispositions pertinentes de l'AGCS. Une approche inductive, la jurisprudence est également pertinente. Un examen approfondi de la jurisprudence existante sur chaque sujet, afin de clarifier le sens de règles par ailleurs vagues et ambiguës et de répondre finalement à la question de savoir si les procédures de règlement des différends de l'OMC pourraient constituer une alternative valable pour le règlement des différends entre l'investisseur dans le secteur de services et l'État. / Foreign investors in services occupy a special position in international economic law: they are covered by international investment agreements as well as by multilateral disciplines on trade in services. Contrary to current practice, the two main components of international economic law, namely, trade law and investment law, merge. They share not only the principles and rules essentially equivalent, but their disciplines also apply to the same subjects and situations. International investment agreements and WTO rules on trade in services (GATS disciplines), although of a very different nature, present common principles that promote international investment in the services sector. In particular, the two sets of agreements devote obligations of non-discrimination between foreign and domestic investors in the services sector. In this situation, foreign investors also benefit from the obligations that both sets of instruments impose on the contracting States. These instruments provide for strong dispute settlement mechanisms in case of violation of their obligations. Foreign investors in the services sector can therefore use two alternative dispute settlement mechanisms to challenge the actions of their host countries that violate international obligations.The WTO, unlike ICSID, is much more than a simple dispute settlement system: the WTO has an important institutional element that has the capacity to provide and apply systemic values. This fundamental difference between the WTO dispute settlement system and ICSID arbitration provides an analytical perspective through which the study evaluates and compares the precise extent of overlap between the trade and investment disciplines, as well as the ability of private parties to use these dispute settlement mechanisms.From a methodological point of view, two approaches are conceivable. A comparative and contextual analysis: the focus is on the international agreements granting standing for private parties in international dispute settlement procedures. Attention is drawn to the International Trade and Investment Law, comparing the principles, rules and dispute settlement mechanisms of the international investment framework (including agreements that define international investment relations) and the rather limited investment framework of the WTO, mainly the relevant provisions of the GATS. An inductive approach, jurisprudence is also relevant. An extensive exploration of existing case law on each subject, in order to clarify the meaning of otherwise vague and ambiguous rules and ultimately to answer the question of whether WTO dispute settlement procedures could become a valid alternative for the settlement of disputes between the investor in service and the State.

No description available.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:50:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fattori_j_me_mar.pdf: 984617 bytes, checksum: 9412fb33e5752bf6cd9e3bcb2fe03741 (MD5) / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as transformações que se deram na Política Externa Brasileira na década de 1980 e sua conformação numa nova estratégia de inserção internacional do país na década seguinte. Esse estudo tem como ponto de partida a política externa do país na década de 1970, que foi caracterizada como o Pragmatismo Responsável. As transformações que se deram no cenário internacional neste período, ao lado da falência do modelo de desenvolvimento interno de industrialização via substituição de importações, serão o pano de fundo para a nova estratégia de inserção do país. A ideia de autonomia pela distância, que marca a estratégia de inserção nos anos do pragmatismo responsável é substituída, na década de 1990, pela ideia de autonomia pela integração ou participação. A análise se desenvolve a partir de um acompanhamento das alterações do posicionamento externo do país nos diferentes foros internacionais: relações bilaterais, regionais e multilaterais, focando na atuação do Brasil nas negociações da Rodada Uruguai do GATT e na nova relação que se estabelece entre modelo de desenvolvimento interno e cenário externo neste momento. Percebemos que há continuidades nos princípios gerais que norteiam os posicionamentos externos do país, mas cada governo vai implementar isso de maneira distinta, levando em conta o cenário internacional, a correlação de forças internas e o modelo de desenvolvimento adotado, estabelecendo assim uma relação mais ou menos funcional entre política externa e desenvolvimento. / The aim of this study is to analyze the changes that occurred in Brazilian Foreign Policy in the 1980s and its conformation in a new strategy of the country‟s international insertion in the following decade. This study has as its starting point the country's foreign policy in the 1970s that was characterized as the Responsible Pragmatism. The transformations that took place on the international scene during this period, alongside the failure of the development model of industrialization through import-substitution procedure will be the backdrop for the new country‟s insertion strategy. The idea of autonomy through distance, which marks the insertion strategy in the years of responsible pragmatism is replaced in the 1990s by the idea of autonomy through integration or participation. The analysis is developed through a monitoring of changes in the external positioning of the country in various international forums: bilateral, regional and multilateral, focusing on the Brazilian acting in the Uruguay Round of GATT and the new relation that is established between the internal development model and external environment at the moment. We noticed that there are continuities in the general principles that guide the country‟s external positions, but each government will implement it differently, taking into account the international scenario, the internal correlation of forces and the development model adopted; establishing this way, a more or less functional relation between foreign policy and development.

Submitted by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-03-09T12:49:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Esdras.pdf: 1111555 bytes, checksum: 8a10fff93847e992405f9550e8c62e0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-03-09T12:50:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Esdras.pdf: 1111555 bytes, checksum: 8a10fff93847e992405f9550e8c62e0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandre Sousa (alexandre.sousa@incqs.fiocruz.br) on 2015-03-09T12:50:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Esdras.pdf: 1111555 bytes, checksum: 8a10fff93847e992405f9550e8c62e0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-09T12:50:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mestrado_Esdras.pdf: 1111555 bytes, checksum: 8a10fff93847e992405f9550e8c62e0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Controle de Qualidade em Saúde. / A radiação ultravioleta pode gerar vários efeitos nocivos à saúde humana, dentre eles danos no DNA, catarata, melanoma, dentre outras malignidades. Em função desses efeitos existe a necessidade de proteger a saúde da população dos raios ultravioletas (UV) utilizando-se de cosméticos que atuem como filtros contra essa radiação. O mercado consumidor apresenta uma variedade desses filtros solares. O octil metoxi cinamato (OMC) é um deles, muito empregado em produtos cosméticos como xampus, batons, sabonetes líquidos entre outros, produtos esses que são comercializados no Brasil. Diversos estudos têm apontado a presença dele em fluidos biológicos como sangue, urina e leite materno humano, assim como sua presença na água e em tecidos de diversos animais. A literatura tem o demonstrado como potencial desregulador da tireóide. Em humanos, alterações na função tireoideana durante períodos críticos do desenvolvimento podem gerar comprometimentos como hiperatividade, problemas motores e déficit de memória e aprendizagem. Por isso,o presente trabalho visa avaliar se a exposição ao OMC no período lactacional é capaz de induzir a desregulação tireoideana e alterações neurocomportamentais em ratos. Para alcançar tal objetivo ratos de ambos os sexos foram sexados e divididos nos dois gruposde exposição no dia pós-natal1 (PN), óleo de milho ou OMC. Os roedores receberam diariamente uma dose deOMC na concentração de 500 mg/kg/dia do PN5 ao PN22. No PN23, dia do desmame, metade dos animais foi eutanasiada, o sangue coletado para dosagem de tiroxina total (T4) e coleta do timo e baço. Aqueles que não foram eutanasiados seguiram até a vida adulta para serem submetidos a testes comportamentais. A exposição dos roedores ao OMC durante o período lactacional reduziuT4 total. Além disso, este grupoapresentou menor ganho de peso no período lactacional que foi revertido após o desmamebem como atraso na abertura de olhos. A análise do timo e baçomostrou diminuição do peso relativo, sem alterar o número de células. No labirinto em cruz elevado o número de entradas nos braços abertos foi significativamente maior. No campo vazado observamos que os animais OMC deslocaram-se significativamente mais. Não observamos alterações cognitivas no labirinto aquático de Morris. Portanto o filtro solar em questão causou várias alterações nodesenvolvimento, sistema imune, comportamento e hormônio tireoideano. Tais alterações servem de alerta parao uso de OMC em infantes expostos em períodos críticos do desenvolvimento. / The ultraviolet radiation may induce several adverse effects for human health, as well damage in DNA, cataract, immunosupression, melanoma and others malignancies. Because these effects is necessary to protect the population health of ultravioleta (UV) using cosmetics that act like filters against this radiation. The consumption market show a variety of these sunscreens. The octyl methoxy cinnamate (OMC) is one these, at organic sunscreens that protects against UV radiation widely used in personal care products such as sunscreens, shampoos, lipstick, liquid soap and others products that are commercialy avaiable. The problem is that studies display the OMC presence in biologics fluids such as blood, urine and human breast milk beyond presence in water and all food chain. This have worried researchers in whole world because several works shows that OMC is a potencial disruptor the thyroid axis. It’swellknew that disturbances in the thyroidaxisduring critical period of development may cause hyperactivity, motor disorders and déficit in memory and learning. This present work a into evaluate if the thyroid disruptor induced by administration of OMC in rats in lactacional period cause neurobehavioral alterations. In this context, pups were separated and divided in two exposition groups in post natal day 1 (PN), corn oil or OMC. The rodents received daily one dose of OMC at 500 mg/kg/day at PN5 until PN22. In PN23, day of weaning, part of animals were euthanasied for to collect of blood for total T4 dosage and organs collets such as brain, pituitary, hypothalamo, thyroid, liver, thymus and spleen. Those that don’t were euthanasied lead until adult life for submited behavioral tests. The exposition of rodents OMC during lactacional period decreasedtotal T4. Moreover, this group display decresead weight gain in lactacional period that were reverted after weaning. The OMC administration delayed total open eyes of animals. Plus this were observed decresead in relative weight of thymus and spleen without change the total number of cells this organs. And in behavioral tests, the OMC rodents visited more times the open arms in elevated plus maze, deslocated more in hole board and no exibited cognitives changes in Morris water maze. This alterations alert for the use of OMC in infants exposure in criticals periods of neurodevelopment.

[pt] A Tese tem como objeto de estudo o surgimento do Grupo dos 20 na Conferência Ministerial de Cancun (2003) e sua atuação nas negociações agrícolas da Rodada de Doha (2001) da OMC. A análise se concentra sobre o significado e implicações do ressurgimento da clivagem Norte-Sul nas negociações da Rodada pela perspectiva dos PEDs e do seu poder de influência sobre as negociações. A partir de uma perspectiva que explora processos de path dependency sobre o poder de influência dos países desenvolvidos nas negociações, explora os constrangimentos colocados para os PEDs reunidos no G-20, que, apesar de maior influência sobre o processo negociador, encontraram-se diante do crescente dilema das restritas possibilidades de manutenção da sua coesão. A análise ressalta que o avanço das negociações da rodada em direção a uma maior substância coloca em xeque sua união em torno da legitimidade do Mandato Negociador de Doha, que não encontra espaço propositivo para o estabelecimento de uma maior coesão entre os membros da coalizão. Nesse sentido, o trabalho explora a relação entre a nova institucionalidade da OMC e o papel do Grupo dos 20 como sintoma do ressurgimento extemporâneo da divisão Norte-Sul e da falta de alternativas desses atores na busca pela manutenção da coalizão e do seu aumentado poder de influência sobre as negociações. / [en] The thesis seeks to explain the meaning and the process through which the new coalition of developing countries, the G-20, was formed, in the preparatory phase of the negotiations to be held at Cancun Ministerial Conference of WTO (2003). The work analyses the role of this developing country coalition throughout the negotiations of the Doha Development Agenda from the perspective of the revival of the North-South dialogue and its implications for the influence of new emerging markets over the multilateral trade arena. Concentrating our focus on the negotiating process of the new institution, We argue that path dependency processes help to explain the dilemmas faced by the G-20 in striving for keeping its cohesion around the defense of Doha Mandate, centered in its right of development. Despite the fact that developing countries found themselves at the center of the negotiating proccess and entitled to exhert a higher influence on the progress of the negotiations, its defense of the legitimacy of the Doha mandate was increasingly put to test before the fragility of its cohesion when the negotiating proccess turned to the substance of a concrete agreement.

"Mémoire présenté à la Faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M) option recherche" / Encore une fois, il semble que la question des subventions agricoles ait refait surface comme l'élément clé du présent cycle de négociations commerciales multilatérales à l'Organisation mondiale du commerce (OMC). Pourtant, le cycle d'Uruguay, qui s'est achevé en 1994, avait tenté de rétablir l'agriculture comme un secteur «normal» de négociations à l'OMC. Or, il semble que plutôt que d'en faire un secteur comme les autres en ce qui a trait aux subventions, le cycle d'Uruguay ait surtout contribué à établir un régime de disciplines pour l'agriculture qui se distingue à plusieurs égards du régime général établi par l'Accord sur les subventions et les mesures compensatoires (SMC). Une analyse des disciplines en place lors du système GATT (1947-1994) démontre que ce double régime n'avait pas formellement été mis en place avant la conclusion, en 1994, de l'Accord SMC et de l'Accord sur l'agriculture. En fait, malgré quelques distinctions qui sont apparues graduellement, ce clivage ne s'est véritablement effectué qu'à partir du cycle d'Uruguay. Tant sur le plan des subventions à l'exportation que du soutien interne, il apparaît que le système actuel impose des règles beaucoup moins contraignantes pour les subventions de produits agricoles que pour tout autre produit. Cette situation s'explique, en partie, par le haut degré de sensibilité politique de l'agriculture, de même que par certaines particularités économiques intrinsèques à cette industrie. L'avenir de ce double régime demeure encore incertain. Il semble cependant qu'aucun changement en profondeur ne peut être anticipé pour le présent cycle de Doha. / Once again, it seems that the issue of agricultural subsidies has emerged has the key concern of the current round of WTO multilateral trade negotiations - even as the Uruguay Round, which was completed in 1994, had tried to bring agriculture back into a "normal" negotiating sector at the WTO. Rather, it seems that instead of making it a sector like any other concerning subsidies, the Uruguay Round has above al1 contributed to establish a regime of disciplines for agriculture that distinguished itself in many respect from the general regime established by the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM). An examination of disciplines in place during the GATT system (1947-1994) shows that this double regime was not formally instituted before the conclusion, in 1994, of the SCM Agreement and of the Agreement on Agriculture. In fact, despite a few distinctions that evolved gradual1y, this division only real1y established itself from the Uruguay Round onwards. With regard to export subsidies as wel1 as to domestic support, it appears that the current system subjects subsidies in the field of agriculture to rules are substantially less restricting than subsidies in other fields. This situation can be explained in part by the high degree of political sensitivity in agriculture, as wel1 as by some of the intrinsic economic characteristics of this sector. The future of this double regime remains uncertain. However, it seems that no major change can be expected during the current Doha Round.

Les normes privées intéressent le droit international à un double titre : se développant en marge du système interétatique classique, elles constituent l’un des visages d’une régulation privée transnationale émergente et soulèvent la question théorique de leur statut en droit international. Par ailleurs, leurs effets sur le commerce international (et particulièrement le fait qu’elles constituent un obstacle aux exportations des PED vers les marchés occidentaux), conduisent à s’interroger sur l’opportunité et les modalités de leur réglementation par le droit international des échanges. En dépit de leur diversité empirique qui rend difficile toute tentative de systématisation et de qualification juridique, nous considérons que la qualité des produits, qui constitue le fondement téléologique commun des normes privées, permet d’en justifier l’unité théorique et de les considérer comme un phénomène juridique à part entière. Nous démontrerons que les normes privées sont l’une des manifestations d’un droit transnational se développant en parallèle du droit interétatique « classique » et qu’elles jouissent par conséquent d’un statut juridique propre. De ce fait, leurs rapports avec la branche du droit international qu’elles intéressent le plus directement, le droit international des échanges, ne peuvent se limiter à l’approche classique de réglementation (ou approche « répressive », en ce qu’elle a pour seul but d’en limiter les effets restrictifs pour le commerce) mais doivent se concevoir dans une optique de coordination. / The recent proliferation of private standards is not only of growing interest to economists who seek to evaluate its impact on trade flows; it is also relevant to international law, particularly to international economic law, in a double perspective. First, from the perspective of legal theory, the legal status of private standards has still to be determined. Second, from an empirical standpoint, private standards have the potential to negatively impact the access of developing countries to the markets of developed countries. This raises the question of the opportunity and modalities of submitting them to the disciplines of the WTO Agreements. This study demonstrates that private standards are one of the expressions of broader ‘transnational law’, a body of law that has been developing in parallel to ‘traditional’ state-centered international law. This implies that international law cannot merely consider private standards as an object to be disciplined; rather, the traditional ‘repressive’ approach should be rejected in favor of a more collaborative approach stressing the interrelations between the two bodies of norms as well as possible forms of coordination.

Depuis la création de l'article XXIV du GATT, les recherches et les analyses liées à la relation entre le droit de l'OMC et les accords commerciaux régionaux ont été basés principalement sur cet article et sur la recherche pour la compatibilité des ACR avec les conditions et les critères proposés par ce dernier. Autres dispositions liés au même thème ont été créés, comme l'article V de l'AGCS et la Clause d'habilitation, qui cherchent à couvrir le commerce des services dans ces accords et regarder d'octroi de préférences en fonction du niveau de développement des Membres de l'OMC. Avec le temps, il a été constaté que l'application de ces dispositions et procédures d'évaluation de la compatibilité n'ont pas eu l'effet souhaité par les négociateurs des règles de l'OMC. Les ACR ont continué à se multiplier en parallèle avec le système de l'OMC et des relations de complémentarité, de concurrence et de conflit ont été établis entre eux. Face à l'inefficacité d'articuler les ACR avec le droit de l'OMC uniquement pour l'utilisation de dispositions conçus pour cela, on doit chercher dans d'autres dispositions de l'OMC, des outils pour atteindre cet objectif. En outre, ces dispositifs permettent l'utilisation de règles de droit international public dans certaines limites et ces règles peuvent être très utile pour l'articulation des ACR et de droit de l'OMC. Pour ce faire, il faut diviser l'analyse en deux phases, la première de recherche d'une articulation normatif et la seconde portait sur le traitement de la multiplicité des fora / Since the creation of article XXIV of the GATT, research and analysis related to the relationship between WTO law and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) have been based primarily on this article and the search for compatibility of RTAs with conditions and criteria proposed by the latter. Other provisions related to the same theme were created, such as Article V of the GATS and the Enabling Clause, that seek to cover trade in services in these agreements and look for the granting of preferences based on the level of development between WTO Members. However, over time, the application of these provisions and procedures for assessing the compatibility have not reached the desired effect by the negotiators of WTO rules. The RTAs continued to increase in parallel with the WTO system and complementary relationships, competition and conflicts have been established between them. The ineffectiveness to articulate RTAs with WTO law solely using the article XXIV of the GATT leads us to search for new legal tools to achieve this articulation. More particularly, these tools allow us to use the rules of public international law within certain limits and may be very useful for the articulation between RTAs and WTO law. This research of legal tools is divided in two phases: the first one analyzes normative tools for articulation and the second one analyzes the treatment of multiple fora. Some of the items to be discussed will be the limitation of standards in the WTO, the rules of interpretation of WTO law and the attractiveness of the DSB for resolving conflicts among Members of the Organization

Les règles d'origine sont employées pour définir l'endroit où un produit était manufacturé. Pour comprendre l'évolution du commerce, particulièrement lorsqu'il s'agit des accords unilatéraux et bilatéraux, la connaissance des règles d'origine préférentielles et le cumul est nécessaire. Les règles d'origine préférentielles jouent un rôle légitime dans la prévention des déviations commerciales. L'UE a le plus grand nombre d'accords commerciaux préférentiels avec un niveau élevé d'harmonisation des lois d'origine, par exemple l'accord économique d'association (EPA) pour 78 pays ACP et le système du cumul pour l'Euromed. Comme nous savons, la subvention pour le produit d'agriculture tel que le sucre de l'UE et le coton des Etats-Unis sont la raison principale qui cause la pauvreté des PMA. Ainsi, les objets principaux de cette dissertation est veulent trouver : Est-ce que l'UE emploie vraiment sincèrement les règles d'origine préférentielles pour aider les PMA ou veut juste garder leurs avantages coloniaux historiques? Pourquoi les pays membre de l'UE contre la nouvelle politique de la commission à la CJUE après les plaignantes a pris la consultation à l'OMC par le même produit ? Comment les règles d'origine préférentielles de l'UE garde-t-elle l'harmonie avec leurs pays membres et les Etats membres de l'OMC? Pourrions-nous trouver une solution de s'améliorer ou remplacer les règles d'origine préférentielles de l'UE pour empêcher un autre cas se produire dans l'OMC et le CJCE pour le même produit? Nous trouverons la réponse à la conclusion. / Rules of origin are used to define the place where a product was manufactured. To understand the evolution of trade, especially in the cases of unilateral and bilateral trade agreements, the knowledge of the preferential rules of origin and cumulation is necessary.The preferential rules of origin play a legitimate part in the prevention of the commercial deviations. The EU has the largest number of preferential trade agreements with a high degree of harmonization of origin laws, for example the Economic Partnership Agreement （EPA） for 78 ACP countries and the system of cumulation for EURO-MED.As we know, the subsidiary for agriculture product such as sugar and cotton of EU and USA are the main reason which causes the poverty of LCDs. So, the mains purpose of this dissertation is want to find: Does EU really sincerely uses the preferential rules of origin （PROO） to help the LCDs or just want to keep their historical colonial benefits? Why the EU member against the EU commission's newly policy after the WTO member by the same product? How the EU PROO does keep harmony with their member countries and the WTO's member countries? Could we find a way to improve or replace the PROO of EU for the same product to prevent another case happen both in WTO and CJCE? We have found the answer at the Conclusion.

L’analyse comparée du raisonnement du juge européen et du juge de l’OMC est menée en deux temps. Le raisonnement est, d’une part, déterminé, et d’autre part, finalisé. Il apparaît tout d’abord que le raisonnement du juge de l’Union et du juge de l’OMC est déterminé par des caractéristiques systémiques et normatives de ces organisations. Ainsi, la fonction assignée au juge et le caractère incohérent ou lacunaire des systèmes européen et de l’OMC conduisent les juges à raisonner de façon comparable. De même, l’indétermination des règles juridiques et la substance économique du droit ont une influence sur leur raisonnement. Il apparaît ensuite que le raisonnement est finalisé. La première finalité est inhérente au juge d’une organisation internationale ou supra nationale, et le raisonnement est alors un instrument mis au service de la réalisation des objectifs des Traités. La seconde finalité est consubstantielle au juge qui raisonne afin d’assurer l'acceptabilité de ses décisions. / Comparative analysis of legal reasoning of the EU and WTO judge is conducted in two steps.On the one hand, reasoning is determined, on the other hand, harnessed. First, it appears that the reasoning of both judges is determined by the systemic and normative characteristics of these organizations. Thus, the function the judge is given, along with the incompleteness and inconsistencies of the european and multilateral systems, lead both judges to reason in asimilar way. Likewise, the indeterminacy of legal rules and the economic nature of the lawboth have an impact on reasoning. Second, it appears that reasoning is harnessed. As it is true for any supranational or international judge, reasoning is used as an instrument to achieve theTreaties' objectives. Furthermore, reasoning is an integral part of the judge who uses it in order to ensure the acceptability of his ruling.