Alors que plus de cinquante pays dans le monde ont entrepris une démarche d’ouverture des données publiques, la thèse enquête sur l’émergence et la mise en oeuvre des politiques d’open data. Elle repose sur l’analyse de sources publiques et sur une enquête ethnographique conduite dans sept collectivités locales et institutions françaises. Revenant sur six moments de définition de grands « principes » de l’open data et leur traduction en politique publique par une institution française, Etalab, ce travail montre comment la catégorisation par l’open data a porté l’attention sur les données, en particulier sous leur forme « brute », considérées comme une ressource inexploitée, le « nouveau pétrole » gisant sous les organisations. L’enquête montre que le processus de l’ouverture débute généralement par une phase d’identification marquée par des explorations progressives et incertaines. Elle permet de comprendre que l’identification constitue un geste d’instauration qui transforme progressivement les fichiers de gestion de l’administration en données. Leur mise en circulation provoque des frictions : pour sortir des réseaux sociotechniques de l’organisation, les données doivent généralement passer à travers des circuits de validation et des chaînes de traitement. Par ailleurs, les données doivent souvent subir d’importantes transformations avant leur ouverture pour devenir intelligibles à la fois par les machines et par les humains. Cette thèse montre enfin que l’instauration concerne aussi les publics dont il est attendu qu’ils visualisent, inspectent et exploitent les données ouvertes. L’instauration des publics par des instruments très divers constitue un autre pan du travail invisible des politiques d’open data. Il ressort enfin de cette thèse que l’obligation à l’ouverture des données publiques, une suite possible des politiques d’open data, pose de manière saillante une question fondamentale « qu’est-ce qu’une donnée ? » Plutôt que de réduire la donnée à une catégorie relative, qui s’appliquerait à toutes sortes de matériaux informationnels, les cas étudiés montrent qu’elle est généralement attribuée dès lors que les données sont le point de départ de réseauxsociotechniques dédiés à leur circulation, leur exploitation et leur mise en visibilité. / As more than fifty countries have launched an open data policy, this doctoral dissertation investigates on the emergence and implementation of such policies. It is based on the analysis of public sources and an ethnographic inquiry conducted in seven French local authorities and institutions. By retracing six moments of definitions of the “open data principles” and their implementation by a French institution, Etalab, this work shows how open data has brought attention to data, particularly in their raw form, considered as an untapped resource, the “new oil” lying under the organisations. The inquiry shows that the process of opening generally begins by a phase of identification marked by progressive and uncertain explorations. It allows to understand that data are progressively instantiated from management files into data. Their circulation provoke frictions: to leave the sociotechnical network of organisations, data generally go through validation circuits and chains of treatment. Besides, data must often undergo important treatments before their opening in order to become intelligible by machines as well as humans. This thesis shows eventually that data publics are also instantiated as they are expected to visualize, inspect and process the data. Data publics are instantiated through various tools, which compose another area of the invisible work of open data projects. Finally, it appears from this work that the possible legal requirement to open data asks a fundamental question, “what is data?” Instead of reducing data to a relational category, which would apply to any informational material, studied cases show that they generally are applied when data are a starting point of sociotechnical networks dedicated to their circulation, their exploitation and their visibility.

This thesis explores how library practice has been impacted by linked (open) data. For libraries, adopting linked data principles means moving away from the long-established reality of MARC-formats and opening up their information resources to the internet. While the transformation of library systems to linked data is often described as the necessary next step for the library community promising enormous benefits, the reality of the transformation process is a challenging one. This thesis employs an interview study at the National Library of Sweden, the first national library worldwide that has adopted linked data as its core data-model, to provide deeper insights into how linked data is affecting the current work practices of library professionals from their own perspectives. The findings suggest that linked data is significantly impacting library practice in a multitude of ways, fundamentally changing knowledge and information organization in the digital age. While linked data is still in the beginning stages of its implementation in the library community as a whole, the interviewed library professionals are confident about the benefits the transformation will bring eventually. While there are still many challenges and obstacles to tackle there is a strong believe that the advertised promises of linked data will come true in time. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that linked data is only part of a paradigm-shifting change currently happening in the knowledge and information organization community, accompanied by many other developments that are as a whole fundamentally changing how information is organized, managed, shared and even perceived in today’s digital information environment of the internet.

Introduction: The subject of research data management is highly topical and university libraries around the world are working hard to establish a well-functioning support as well as technical solutions to deal with sharing and storing research data. Swedish university libraries are no exception, and this study aims to give a clearer view on how these support functions have come to take the form they have today, what they look like now and what the plans are.  Method: For this study eight people working with research data support at six Swedish university libraries were interviewed about the work of the support groups they are part of. These interviews were recorded and transcribed, and then analysed thematically by colour coding themes in the text.  Analysis and results: The findings show that the persons working with data managing support at these six university libraries agree on many points of how the support needs to be developed to meet the students and researchers needs. One of the most important things of what the research data managing groups need to do are to supply more information sessions, workshops, and teaching to reach out with their knowledge and to make people more aware of their existence and competences. Another is making sure technical solutions are in place to store data throughout the different steps of the research data lifecycle. The training and development of the professionals working in the support groups is also a very important part, as this is a changing subject and the rules and regulations do change. Lastly the interviewees underline the importance of solid motivating factors for researchers to share their data. The data support groups can simplify the process of data sharing and make it easier and smoother for the researcher to do it, but if it is unclear why it should be done it will not happen.  Conclusions: The development of the research data support has been, and is, slow and still ongoing. There is still a fair amount of work to be done, especially when it comes to the technical solutions that will enable safe and FAIR data sharing and storing. But the work that needs to be done cannot come only from university libraries and other university support functions, it must come from publishers, funders and other organisations that have the power to change the norms of data sharing. One of the main blockers of open data today is the lack of motivation for researchers to share their data and to be able to reach the goal of open data 2026 the entire system of merits for researchers needs to change and somehow include data sharing as an important part.  This is a two-year master’s thesis in Library and Information Science.

As of Today (2017) Geographic Information (GI) is a vital part of our daily life. With different applications like Google Maps it is hard to not get in contact with these platforms. Applications like Google are becoming more than just maps for us to find our way in the real world, they contain important data. As of now some of these datasets are kept by authorities and institutes with no connection to each other. One way to link this information to each other is by using Linked Data and more specifically when it comes to GI, Linked Geodata. By linking data together, information becomes connected, which can help the structure of Open Data and other data collaborates. It also enables ways to query the data to for example in search engines. This Bachelor of Science thesis has been conducted at KTH Royal Institute of Technology, in cooperation with Digpro AB. This thesis purpose is to examine whether the Linked Geodata is something to invest in. This was done by investigating current use to understand how Linked Geodata is implemented, as well to describe challenges and possibilities in respect to Linked Geodata. This is done by literature review and through interviews with personnel working with implementation of Linked Geodata. The result showed some implementations in the Netherlands and in Finland, also a private initiative from the University of Leipzig called LinkedGeoData. In Sweden authorities had explored the topic of Linked Geodata without any actual attempts to implement it. The biggest challenges was that queries did not supported all kind of spatial data, maintain the Linked Geodata consistent and find a way to fund the workload. The biggest possibilities were to create cooperation between authorities, integration and discoverability of data in search engines and to improve the environment for publishing open data, which could lead to an improved social and economic situation. After evaluation this thesis concludes that there is a lot of potential use for Linked Geodata. The most considerable possible use is for authorities with a larger amount of geodata especially regarding their publishing of Open Data and integrating their data to search engines to provide more advanced queries. The technology seems to have some problems, mainly the lack of support for spatial data and also problems with maintaining the connections. However the problems are not too severe in order to not invest in the technology. The technology just needs some improvements and more initiatives. / Idag (2017) är Geografisk Information (GI) en viktigt del av vårt dagliga liv. Med olika applikationer som Google Maps så är det svårt att inte komma i kontakt med sådana plattformar. Dem börjar bli mer än bara kartor för att hitta vart man ska. Idag är informationen i många fall inte knuten till varandra vilket betyder att informationen skulle kunna utnyttjas bättre om det var länkat. Ett sätt att länka sådan information och länka objekt till varandra är med Länkade Data och mer specifikt när det kommer till GI Länkade Geodata. Länkade Data kan sedan användas vid publicering av öppen data, för att berika mängden information. Det kan också användas för att förberedd webben för maskin läsning. Med detta menas att datorer ska kunna läsa av webben. Detta är en Kandidat examensarbete som har varit dirigerat av Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, i samarbete med företaget Digpro AB. Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på om Länkade Geodata är något att investera i. Detta var utfört genom att ta reda på hur dagsläget ser ut i olika länder samt hur det är implementerat. Samt beskriva utmaningar och möjligheter med Länkade Geodata. Detta är utfört genom litteraturstudier och intervjuer med behörig personal som antingen arbetar inom Geodata sektorn eller med Länkade Geodata. Resultatet visade några implementationer i Nederländer och Finland samt ett privat initiativ av ett Universitet kallat LinkedGeoData. I Sverige hade institut utvärderat möjligheterna för Länkade Geodata samt kommit fram med riktlinjer, men ingen storskalig implementation har blivit gjord. De störst utmaningarna var hitta tillräckligt med stöd för alla typer av spatial data, underhålla det så kallade Semantiska Molnet samt fördela arbetsbörda och hitta en finansiär. Det största möjligheterna var att kunna skapa en samverkan mellan olika instituts data, integration och upptäckbarhet av information i sökmotorer samt en förbättrad miljö för publicering av öppen data som kan leda till social och ekonomiska förbättringar. Den här uppsatsen drar slutsatsen att det finns stor potential användande för Länkade Geodata. Det störst användningsområdet är för institut med stor mängder geodata speciellt när det kommer till användandet av att publicera Öppen Data och integrera information till sökmotorer för att möjligöra svårare frågeställningar. Tekniken har en del problem t.ex. med att bearbeta spatial data och att den är svår att underhålla. Dock är dessa problem inte graverande nog att stoppa investeringar i den. Tekniken behöver förbättringar och mer initiativ till bearbetning av den.

This master´s thesis studies the discourse surrounding research data and open access within the artistic research field in Sweden. Its purpose is to explain how librarians better can support artistic researchers in research data management. The study was conducted by nine qualitative interviews, four with artistic researchers and five with academic librarians, to further investigate the differences and similarities between the two workgroups approach to research data and open access. The paper uses a theoretical framework of poststructuralist discourse analysis, inspired by discourse researcher Johannes Angermüller, to uncover structures and meanings connecting research data and open access amongst the two occupations. The thesis also uses Jacques Derrida´s concept of deconstruction, as inspiration to further analyze the collected material. The interview material was transcribed, coded and presented in three chapters. The first part investigates the subject of research data and management, the second part presents the data collected when investigating the topic of open science. The final chapter of the analysis discusses the interactions between the two groups. The results show that the concept of research data and open access remains a difficult and complex question within artistic research, where the discourse surrounding it is made up by multifaceted voices. The paper concludes that the field would benefit from a further collaboration between researchers and librarians in understanding and handling questions surrounding open access and research data. The data further suggests that more established guidelines and principles for data publishing within the artistic research field would further help librarians and researchers when communicating with each other. This is a two-year master´s thesis in library and information science.

Die Poster-Reihe des Digital Humanities Day Leipzig 2023 (DHDL) präsentiert eine facettenreiche Sammlung von Projekten und Forschungsarbeiten aus dem “Big Tent” der Digital Humanities und zeigt eindrucksvoll die interdisziplinären Verknüpfungen und die Breite des Feldes auf. Die Beiträge stammen von Forscher:innen aus Leipzig, aus der Region Mitteldeutschland und darüber hinaus. Sie bieten Einblicke in aktuelle Forschungsprojekte und demonstrieren die Anwendung digitaler Technologien in den Geisteswissenschaften. Beim DHDL 2023 stellten über 20 Gruppen aktuelle Forschungsprojekte in einer Poster-Session vor.

Government initiatives for more transparency and participation have lead to an increasing amount of structured data on the web in recent years. Many of these datasets have great potential. For example, a situational analysis and meaningful visualization of the data can assist in pointing out social or economic issues and raising people’s awareness. Unfortunately, the ad-hoc analysis of this so-called Open Data can prove very complex and time-consuming, partly due to a lack of efficient system support.On the one hand, search functionality is required to identify relevant datasets. Common document retrieval techniques used in web search, however, are not optimized for Open Data and do not address the semantic ambiguity inherent in it. On the other hand, semantic integration is necessary to perform analysis tasks across multiple datasets. To do so in an ad-hoc fashion, however, requires more flexibility and easier integration than most data integration systems provide. It is apparent that an optimal management system for Open Data must combine aspects from both classic approaches. In this article, we propose OPEN, a novel concept for the management and situational analysis of Open Data within a single system. In our approach, we extend a classic database management system, adding support for the identification and dynamic integration of public datasets. As most web users lack the experience and training required to formulate structured queries in a DBMS, we add support for non-expert users to our system, for example though keyword queries. Furthermore, we address the challenge of indexing Open Data.

No description available.

Background: In recent years, more and more municipalities have started to publish more and more Open Government Data (OGD) and, in relation to this, the number of users of this data has also increased. But while the publication and use of data has increased, there is still a lack of understanding of who uses the data and for what purpose. Furthermore, the municipalities have also had little control over what values are created with the help of the data that is published and in particular environmental values, which makes it of great interest to investigate. Aim: The thesis aims to investigate the use of Open Government Data (OGD) in Swedish municipalities and explore how it contributes to creating environmental values after it has been implemented, who is using OGD, and for which reason OGD is used. To investigate this following research questions were used: Who uses municipal open data resources and for what purposes? What environmental values are created through the use of OGD in Swedish cities and municipalities where it has been implemented? Method: This paper applies the qualitative research methodology. To collect data for the paper, semi-structured interviews with both private individuals and employees in Swedish municipalities were used, which were conducted digitally via Zoom with video and audio. In relation to the interviews, secondary data was also collected from Dataportal.se in the form of a large number of datasets consisting of metadata. The collected data was analyzed through a thematic analysis and two different frameworks. In total, 11 interviews were conducted and about 400 datasets were collected as a basis for the work. The key findings and conclusion: reveal that various stakeholders, including individuals, companies, schools, and municipalities, are major users of OGD. Municipalities mainly use OGD for decision-making and to increase transparency with citizens, while individuals, companies, and organizations utilize it to increase transparency, make informed decisions, and influence events. Transparency, informed decision-making, and empowerment can be seen as shared benefits observed among the municipalities and individuals using OGD. The main environmental values created through OGD include resource minimization (e.g., reducing food waste), air quality monitoring, infrastructure planning, and waste management where OGD enables citizens to work with municipalities towards environmental policies and goals, promoting engagement and informed decision-making.

Der Digital Humanities Day Leipzig ist eine seit 2017 jährlich am Dies academicus stattfindende Veranstaltung des Forums für Digital Humanities Leipzig (FDHL; fdhl.info), welche die regionale und überregionale Vernetzung von DH-Akteur:innen zum Ziel hat