[pt] Nessa tese é analisada a dinâmica dos modos de lasers aleatórios à fibra com feedback distribuído. Um rigoroso estudo é feito sobre o mecanismo de feedback distribuído, i.e., o espalhamento Rayleigh, que é um dos principais elementos contribuindo para emissão laser. É desenvolvido um modelo teórico para previsão do retro espalhamento Rayleigh de luz coerente, o qual é baseado na ordem de médio alcance da sílica, e na tensão residual de fibras ópticas. As previsões do modelo são comparadas com resultados experimentais, levando a conclusão de que o retro espalhamento Rayleigh em fibras ópticas é um processo ergódigo nos domínios do tempo e da frequência óptica. O modelo mostrou-se eficaz na previsão das flutuações de intensidade do retro espalhamento Rayleigh de luz coerente, e foi utilizado para explicar a emissão de luz laser numa nova configuração de laser aleatório à fibra, que faz uso de um amplificador óptico a semicondutor (SOA) como meio de ganho. É demostrado que operação monomodo só é possível em emissão pulsada e com bombeio próximo ao limiar laser, enquanto operação multimodo é dominante para bombeio acima do limiar. Resultados experimentais indicam que potência dos modos é limitada pela competição entre modos por ganho. A operação em regime pulsado é atribuída a um efeito de cintilação da luz Rayleigh retro espalhada, que equivale a um fenômeno de chaveamento de perdas (Q-switching) aleatório na cavidade. O tempo de vida dos modos é ~ 1 ms e larguras de linha estreitas, no intervalo entre 4 e 7 kHz, foram obtidas experimentalmente. Lasers aleatórios à fibra com ganho Brillouin também foram analisados, mostrando semelhante dinâmica dos modos. Entretanto, por conta da estreita banda espectral do ganho Brillouin a competição entre modos não limitou a potência dos modos, a qual foi observada ser limitada por luz Stokes proveniente do espalhamento Brillouin de segunda ordem. Por último, experimentos com modulação de fase intra-cavidade foram avaliados, e mostraram que emissão laser pode ser controlada a partir da supressão da condição de fase ou ganho. / [en] In this thesis, it is provided a thorough analysis of mode dynamics of random distributed feedback fiber lasers. A rigorous investigation is proposed for the feedback mechanism, Rayleigh backscattering, which plays a key role in laser action. Based on the intermediate range order of silica glasses, and on residual stress of optical fibers, a theoretical model was built to predict intensity fluctuations of Rayleigh backscattered coherent light. Model predictions were compared to experimental results, strongly supporting the conclusion that Rayleigh backscattering in single mode fibers is an ergodic process exhibiting ergodicity in the time-frequency sense so that the model can be used to predict the statistical behavior of backscattered intensity fading. The model was used to explain laser action in a novel configuration of random fiber laser, with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) employed as the gain medium. It is here demonstrated that single-mode operation is only possible in pulsed regime at SOA driving currents close to the threshold, whereas multimode regime dominates under higher currents. Experimental results indicate that the mode power is limited by mode competition, which is observed under high SOA currents. Pulsed regime is shown to be due to randomly driven Q-switching induced by a scintillation effect in the Rayleigh backscattered light, which effectively translates as a time-varying cavity loss. Mode lifetimes of ∼1 ms and narrow linewidths ranging from 4 to 7 kHz were experimentally obtained. Brillouin-based random fiber lasers were also analyzed, showing similar mode dynamics, but due to the much narrower gain spectral width, mode competition did not limit the mode power, which was rather limited by the second order Brillouin-Stokes light. Last, intra-cavity phase-modulation experiments showed that laser action can be efficiently controlled by breaking either phase or gain conditions.

No description available.

Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs), also commonly called photonic crystal fibres or holey fibres, describe a type of optical fibre in which continuous channels of (typically) air run their entire length. These `holes' serve to both confine electromagnetic waves within the core of the fibre and to tailor its transmission properties. In order to understand and quantify both of these functions, a new computational algorithm was developed and implemented. It solves for the eigenvalues of Maxwell's wave equations in the two-dimensional waveguide cross-section, with radiating boundary conditions imposed outside the microstructure. This yields the leaky modes supported by the fibre. The boundary conditions are achieved exactly using a novel refinement scheme called the Adjustable Boundary Condition (ABC) method. Two implementations are programmed and their computational efficiencies are compared. Both use an azimuthal Fourier decomposition, but radially, a finite difference scheme is shown to be more efficient than a basis function expansion. The properties of the ABC method are then predicted theoretically using an original approach. It shows that the method is highly efficient, robust, automated and generally applicable to any implementation or to other radiating problems. A theoretical framework for the properties of modes in MOFs is also presented. It includes the use of the Bloch-Floquet theorem to provide a simpler and more efficient way to exploit microstructure symmetry. A new, but brief study of the modal birefringence properties in straight and spun fibres is also included. The theoretical and numerical tools are then applied to the study of polymer MOFs. Three types of fibres are numerically studied, fabricated and characterised. Each is of contemporary interest. Firstly, fabrication of the first MOFs with uniformly oriented elliptical holes is presented. A high degree of hole ellipticity is achieved using a simple technique relying on hole deformation during fibre draw. Both form and stress-optic birefringence are characterized over a broad scaled-wavelength range, which shows excellent agreement with numerical modelling. Secondly, an analysis of leaky modes in real air core MOFs, fabricated specifically for photonic band gap guidance, is then used to identify alternative guiding mechanisms. The supported leaky modes exhibit properties closely matching a simple hollow waveguide, weakly influenced by the surrounding microstructure. The analysis gives a quantitative determination of the wavelength dependent confinement loss of these modes and illustrates a mechanism not photonic band gap in origin by which colouration can be observed in such fibres. Finally, highly multimode MOFs (also called `air-clad' fibres) that have much wider light acceptance angles than conventional fibres are studied. An original and accurate method is presented for determining the numerical aperture of such fibres using leaky modes. The dependence on length, wavelength and various microstructure dimensions are evaluated for the first time for a class of fibres. These results show excellent agreement with published measurements on similar fibres and verify that bridge thicknesses much smaller than the wavelength are required for exceptionally high numerical apertures. The influence of multiple layers of holes on the numerical aperture and capture efficiency are then presented. It shows that a substantial increase in both these parameters can be achieved for some bridge thicknesses. Simple heuristic expressions for these quantities are given, which are based on the physical insight provided by the full numerical models. The work is then supported by the first fabrication attempts of large-core polymer MOFs with thin supporting bridges. These fibres exhibit relatively high numerical apertures and show good agreement with theoretical expectations over a very wide scaled-wavelength range.

Vertically rolled-up microcavities are fabricated using differentially strained nanomembranes by employing rate and temperature gradients during electron beam evaporation of SiO2. The geometry of the rolled-up tubes is defined by a photo-lithographically patterned polymer sacrificial layer beneath the SiO2 layers that is dissolved to start the rolling. Rolled-up tubes support resonances formed by constructive interference of light propagating along the circumference. Optical studies are performed in the visible spectral range using a micro-photoluminescence (µPL) setup to excite and detect optical modes. Record high quality factors (Q factors) of 5400 for rolled-up resonators probed in PL-emission mode are found and their limits are theoretically investigated. Axial modes can also be supported when an increased winding number in the center is realized by appropriate pattern designs. In addition, higher order radial modes can be confined when atomic layer deposition (ALD) coatings are applied. Both types of modes are identified using polarization and spatially resolved µPL maps. Evanescent-wave coupling by tapered fibers and tubes on substrates is the second method used to study light confinement and to demonstrate frequency filtering in ALD coated rolled-up microcavities. Scans are performed by monitoring light from a tunable laser in the range of 1520-1570 nm after transmission through the tapered fiber. Dips in the spectrum are found and attributed to fundamental and axial resonant modes. Moreover, by coupling two tapered fibers to a lifted rolled-up microcavity, a four-port add-drop filter is demonstrated as a future component for vertical resonant light transfer in on-chip optical networks. Simulations show that the subwavelength tube wall thickness limits the Q factor at infrared wavelengths and ALD coatings are necessary to enhance the light confinement. After coating, two linear polarization states are found in experiment and fundamental and axial modes can be selectively excited by coupling the fiber to different positions along the tube axis. Spatially and polarization resolved transmission maps reveal a polarization dependent axial mode distribution which is verified theoretically. The results of this thesis are important for lab-on-chip applications where rolled-up microcavities are employed as high resolution optofluidic sensors as well as for future uses as waveguide coupled components in three-dimensional multi-level optical data processing units to provide resonant interlayer signal transfer.

Microstructured optical fibres (MOFs), also commonly called photonic crystal fibres or holey fibres, describe a type of optical fibre in which continuous channels of (typically) air run their entire length. These `holes' serve to both confine electromagnetic waves within the core of the fibre and to tailor its transmission properties. In order to understand and quantify both of these functions, a new computational algorithm was developed and implemented. It solves for the eigenvalues of Maxwell's wave equations in the two-dimensional waveguide cross-section, with radiating boundary conditions imposed outside the microstructure. This yields the leaky modes supported by the fibre. The boundary conditions are achieved exactly using a novel refinement scheme called the Adjustable Boundary Condition (ABC) method. Two implementations are programmed and their computational efficiencies are compared. Both use an azimuthal Fourier decomposition, but radially, a finite difference scheme is shown to be more efficient than a basis function expansion. The properties of the ABC method are then predicted theoretically using an original approach. It shows that the method is highly efficient, robust, automated and generally applicable to any implementation or to other radiating problems. A theoretical framework for the properties of modes in MOFs is also presented. It includes the use of the Bloch-Floquet theorem to provide a simpler and more efficient way to exploit microstructure symmetry. A new, but brief study of the modal birefringence properties in straight and spun fibres is also included. The theoretical and numerical tools are then applied to the study of polymer MOFs. Three types of fibres are numerically studied, fabricated and characterised. Each is of contemporary interest. Firstly, fabrication of the first MOFs with uniformly oriented elliptical holes is presented. A high degree of hole ellipticity is achieved using a simple technique relying on hole deformation during fibre draw. Both form and stress-optic birefringence are characterized over a broad scaled-wavelength range, which shows excellent agreement with numerical modelling. Secondly, an analysis of leaky modes in real air core MOFs, fabricated specifically for photonic band gap guidance, is then used to identify alternative guiding mechanisms. The supported leaky modes exhibit properties closely matching a simple hollow waveguide, weakly influenced by the surrounding microstructure. The analysis gives a quantitative determination of the wavelength dependent confinement loss of these modes and illustrates a mechanism not photonic band gap in origin by which colouration can be observed in such fibres. Finally, highly multimode MOFs (also called `air-clad' fibres) that have much wider light acceptance angles than conventional fibres are studied. An original and accurate method is presented for determining the numerical aperture of such fibres using leaky modes. The dependence on length, wavelength and various microstructure dimensions are evaluated for the first time for a class of fibres. These results show excellent agreement with published measurements on similar fibres and verify that bridge thicknesses much smaller than the wavelength are required for exceptionally high numerical apertures. The influence of multiple layers of holes on the numerical aperture and capture efficiency are then presented. It shows that a substantial increase in both these parameters can be achieved for some bridge thicknesses. Simple heuristic expressions for these quantities are given, which are based on the physical insight provided by the full numerical models. The work is then supported by the first fabrication attempts of large-core polymer MOFs with thin supporting bridges. These fibres exhibit relatively high numerical apertures and show good agreement with theoretical expectations over a very wide scaled-wavelength range.

CAPES / O presente trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar uma nova técnica de instrumentação para estudo dos diferentes tipos de andaduras realizadas por equinos, utilizando sistemas baseados na tecnologia de sensoriamento ótico quase-distribuído, redes de Bragg em fibra ótica-FBG. Essa técnica poderá ser usada como ferramenta auxiliar de diagnóstico precoce de lesões relacionadas ao sistema locomotor do cavalo, principalmente na porção distal do dígito, uma das causas mais comuns de aposentadoria destes quando atletas. São apresentadas, portanto, duas técnicas de instrumentação in vivo: a primeira t´técnica consiste na fixação de FBGs sem encapsulamento, diretamente na parede dorsal do casco em cada um dos membros de três cavalos atletas em treinamento; a segunda técnica apresentada ´e o desenvolvimento de um protótipo sensor com formato de ferradura encapsulado em material compósito reforçado com fibra de carbono, este método foi utilizado na instrumentação de dois equinos também em fase de treinamento. O primeiro método permite avaliar o comportamento do casco em diferentes fases da passada, durante as andaduras passo e trote. A segunda técnica, com o elemento sensor encapsulado, permite avaliar diferentes tipos de andadura, como passo, trote e galope sob condições de treinamento. Estas duas técnicas de instrumentação, utilizando sensores FBGs, se mostram promissoras para o estudo clínico e biomecânico de equinos, em avaliações m´médicas ou até mesmo durante treinamentos ou competições. / The main goal of this paper is to study the viability of the application of the system based on the optic sensing almost distribute (Fiber Bragg Gratings-FBG) technology, to study different kinds of equine gaits and how it is a possible helpful tool to early diagnose of injuries related to the locomotor system of the horse, mainly the distal part of the digit, which is one of the most common reasons for retire of athlete horses. Two different technics are presented in vivo: The first one consists in the attachment of the FBGs without encapsulation, directly on the wall of the hoof of each member of three athlete horses during training; the second technic presented, is the development of a prototype sensor with the same form of a horse shoe, encapsulated in a composite material reinforced with Carbon Fiber, this method was used in two horses during training as well. The first method allowed evaluate the behavior of the hoof in different phases of the horse gaits, such as walk and trot. The second technic, with the sensor element now encapsulated, allowed to evaluate different types of equine gaits, like walk, trot and run under training conditions. Both of the instrumentation using FGBs sensors technics were considered promising to clinical and biomechanics equine study in the medical evaluations or even during training or competition.

CAPES / Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados numéricos e experimentais de refratômetros baseados em redes de Bragg produzidos em fibras óticas multimodo. O desempenho dessas redes é comparado com o desempenho de redes tradicionais gravadas em fibras óticas monomodo. Para que as redes apresentem sensibilidade ao índice de refração elas são submetidas à corrosão química e após esse processo a fibra ótica monomodo apresentou um diâmetro de (18,08 ± 0,01) m, enquanto que a fibra ótica multimodo apresentou um diâmetro de (17,10 ± 0,10) m. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as redes de Bragg gravadas em fibras óticas multimodo apresentaram maior sensibilidade ao índice de refração externo, bem como maior faixa dinâmica, em relação às redes gravadas em fibras óticas monomodo. Determinou-se experimentalmente uma sensibilidade de 41,9 nm/UIR para a rede gravada em fibra multimodo, contra uma sensibilidade de 1,3 nm/UIR para a rede gravada em fibra monomodo, sendo que tais sensibilidades foram obtidas para um índice de refração de 1,4656. O uso de fibras óticas multimodo conferiu maior sensibilidade ao sistema, além de ter proporcionado aumento da robustez mecânica em função dos maiores diâmetros empregados, quando comparados às fibras óticas monomodo com sensibilidade similares. Os dispositivos estudados foram aplicados na determinação da concentração de óleo vegetal na mistura óleo-biodiesel, que é um dos parâmetros de qualidade do processo de produção e distribuição do combustível. Os resultados obtidos mostram que utilizando o modo 1 é possível obter uma resolução de 2,11% v/v quando a concentração de óleo se aproxima de 0,00% e 0,28% v/v para 70% v/v de concentração de óleo. Caso a análise seja realizada utilizando o modo 2 a resolução obtida é de 1,37% v/v quando a concentração de óleo se aproxima de 0,00% e 0,13% v/v para 60,51% v/v de concentração de óleo. / In this work are reported the experimental and numerical results of a refractometer based on fiber Bragg gratings produced on multimode optical fibers. The performance of the gratings inscribed in multimode optical fibers is compared with the gratings inscribed in single mode optical fibers. In order to become sensitive to the external refractive index, the gratings were subdued to a chemical etching process, after which the single mode fiber presented a (18.08 ± 0.01) m diameter while the multimode fiber presented a (17.10 ± 0.10) m diameter. The results of this study showed that the gratings inscribed in multimode optical fibers presented a higher sensitivity to the external refractive index, and a broader dynamic range as well, when compared with the gratings inscribed in single mode optical fibers. Experimental results showed a 41.9 nm/RIU sensitivity for gratings inscribed in multimode optical fibers and a 1.3 nm/RIU sensitivity for gratings inscribed in single mode optical fibers, being both fibers exposed to a 1.4656 external refractive index. Multimode optical fibers provided an increase in the system sensitivity, and a mechanical robustness improvement as well, due to the higher optical fibers diameters employed when compared with single mode optical fibers with similar sensitivities. The devices were used to determine the vegetal oil concentration of oil-biodiesel blends, which stands as a quality parameter for the fuel production and distribution. The results showed that the mode 1 allowed a resolution of 2.11% v/v for 0.00 % of oil concentration and 0.28 % v/v when oil concentration was 70.00% v/v. Analysis performed with mode 2 showed a resolution of 1.37% v/v for 0.00 % of oil concentration and 0.13 % v/v when oil concentration was 60.51% v/v.

CAPES / Neste trabalho são apresentados os resultados numéricos e experimentais de refratômetros baseados em redes de Bragg produzidos em fibras óticas multimodo. O desempenho dessas redes é comparado com o desempenho de redes tradicionais gravadas em fibras óticas monomodo. Para que as redes apresentem sensibilidade ao índice de refração elas são submetidas à corrosão química e após esse processo a fibra ótica monomodo apresentou um diâmetro de (18,08 ± 0,01) m, enquanto que a fibra ótica multimodo apresentou um diâmetro de (17,10 ± 0,10) m. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que as redes de Bragg gravadas em fibras óticas multimodo apresentaram maior sensibilidade ao índice de refração externo, bem como maior faixa dinâmica, em relação às redes gravadas em fibras óticas monomodo. Determinou-se experimentalmente uma sensibilidade de 41,9 nm/UIR para a rede gravada em fibra multimodo, contra uma sensibilidade de 1,3 nm/UIR para a rede gravada em fibra monomodo, sendo que tais sensibilidades foram obtidas para um índice de refração de 1,4656. O uso de fibras óticas multimodo conferiu maior sensibilidade ao sistema, além de ter proporcionado aumento da robustez mecânica em função dos maiores diâmetros empregados, quando comparados às fibras óticas monomodo com sensibilidade similares. Os dispositivos estudados foram aplicados na determinação da concentração de óleo vegetal na mistura óleo-biodiesel, que é um dos parâmetros de qualidade do processo de produção e distribuição do combustível. Os resultados obtidos mostram que utilizando o modo 1 é possível obter uma resolução de 2,11% v/v quando a concentração de óleo se aproxima de 0,00% e 0,28% v/v para 70% v/v de concentração de óleo. Caso a análise seja realizada utilizando o modo 2 a resolução obtida é de 1,37% v/v quando a concentração de óleo se aproxima de 0,00% e 0,13% v/v para 60,51% v/v de concentração de óleo. / In this work are reported the experimental and numerical results of a refractometer based on fiber Bragg gratings produced on multimode optical fibers. The performance of the gratings inscribed in multimode optical fibers is compared with the gratings inscribed in single mode optical fibers. In order to become sensitive to the external refractive index, the gratings were subdued to a chemical etching process, after which the single mode fiber presented a (18.08 ± 0.01) m diameter while the multimode fiber presented a (17.10 ± 0.10) m diameter. The results of this study showed that the gratings inscribed in multimode optical fibers presented a higher sensitivity to the external refractive index, and a broader dynamic range as well, when compared with the gratings inscribed in single mode optical fibers. Experimental results showed a 41.9 nm/RIU sensitivity for gratings inscribed in multimode optical fibers and a 1.3 nm/RIU sensitivity for gratings inscribed in single mode optical fibers, being both fibers exposed to a 1.4656 external refractive index. Multimode optical fibers provided an increase in the system sensitivity, and a mechanical robustness improvement as well, due to the higher optical fibers diameters employed when compared with single mode optical fibers with similar sensitivities. The devices were used to determine the vegetal oil concentration of oil-biodiesel blends, which stands as a quality parameter for the fuel production and distribution. The results showed that the mode 1 allowed a resolution of 2.11% v/v for 0.00 % of oil concentration and 0.28 % v/v when oil concentration was 70.00% v/v. Analysis performed with mode 2 showed a resolution of 1.37% v/v for 0.00 % of oil concentration and 0.13 % v/v when oil concentration was 60.51% v/v.

Orientadores: Cristiano Monteiro de Barros Cordeiro, Marcos Antonio Ruggieri Franco / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Física Gleb Wataghin / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T12:56:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PinillaPachon_EdwinGerman_M.pdf: 12541930 bytes, checksum: 74a0367c344ded9c8891d11280568b6b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Nesta dissertação se estudou por simulação numérica o efeito de interferência multimodal (MMI, do inglês "multimode interference") em guias de onda, com atenção especial a fibras ópticas, e a resposta óptica do dispositivo MMI a parâmetros externos como temperatura, curvatura e índice de refração. Dispositivos baseados em MMI são formados, em geral, por três guias de onda concatenados sendo as extremidades compostas de guias monomodo e a parte central composta de um guia que permite a propagação de muitos modos, tipicamente, mais do que três. Nesta situação, na seção multimodo, são formadas reimagens que aproximadamente replicam fase e amplitude do campo óptico de entrada. A observação do espectro de transmissão correspondente à primeira reimagem, em dispositivos MMI, permite desenvolver sensores de índice de refração, temperatura e curvatura. A sensibilidade dos sensores foi avaliada frente às variações do mensurando, ou seja, variações no índice de refração, temperatura e curvatura da estrutura MMI em fibra óptica. / Abstract: In this work the effect of multimodal interference (MMI) in waveguides was studied by numerical simulation. Special attention was given to optical fibers and its the optical response when external parameters such as temperature, curvature or refractive índex were varied. MMI devices are usually formed by connecting three waveguides being the input and output ones single mode waveguides while the middle one is a waveguide that allows the propagation of many optical modes, typically more than three. In this situation re-images that replicate both the phase and the amplitude of the input optical field are formed periodically within the multimode section. The analysis of the transmission spectrum of the first re-image in MMI devices were realized in order to get information about the fiber environment, in particular the surrounding refractive índex, radius of curvature and temperature. The sensors sensitivity was evaluated. / Mestrado / Física / Mestre em Física

Cette thèse est consacrée à l'étude de la réponse aux radiations d'amplificateurs à fibre optiques dopées Er 3+ et Yb3+. Ces dispositifs fonctionnant à 1,5 µm ont été conçus pour des applications spatiales et l'évaluation de leurs performances revêt d’une importance capitale dans un tel environnement hostile. Deux traitements, le chargement en H2 et le co-dopage au Ce du cœur de la fibre, ont été étudiés comme solutions de durcissement aux radiations. Une étude spectroscopique a permis d’approfondir la connaissance des mécanismes physiques de base responsables de la dégradation de ces composants et par conséquent de proposer des solutions de durcissement. La thèse est organisée en trois parties. La Partie I présente une description générale des fibres dopées aux ions de Terres Rares (TR), avec l'introduction des concepts de base de la physique de tels éléments et leur interaction avec la matrice hôte (verre phosphosilicate). L'état de l'art concernant les effets des rayonnements sur les fibres dopées aux TR est également présenté. La Partie II décrit les échantillons et les techniques expérimentales utilisées. La Partie III décrit les principaux résultats dont les tests, en configuration active, démontrent que le co-dopage au Ce ainsi que le chargement en H2 ont un rôle-clé dans la limitation des pertes induites par rayonnement. L'analyse spectroscopique de la matrice vitreuse (Raman) et des ions TR (par mesures de luminescence stationnaire et résolue en temps) mettent en exergue un fort effet de durcissement, conduisant à une préservation de l'efficacité du système physique en opération / This thesis is devoted to the study of the radiation response of optical amplifiers based on Er/Yb doped fibers. These devices operating at 1.5 µm are conceived for space applications and contextually the evaluation of their performance in such harsh environment becomes of crucial importance. Two treatments, the H2-loading and the Ce-doping of the fiber core, are investigated as radiation hardening solutions. A spectroscopic study has been associated, in order to improve the knowledge of the physical mechanisms responsible for the signal degradation and the action of the hardening solutions. The thesis is organized in three parts. Part I deals with a general description of the Rare-Earth (RE)-doped fibers, with the introduction of some basic concepts of the RE-ion physics and their interaction with the host matrix material (phosphosilicate glass). The state-of-art of the radiation effects on the optical fibers, particularly the RE- doped fibers, is also overviewed. Part II describes the samples (fiber fabrication, geometry and chemical compositions), and the used experimental techniques, including a short discussion on the related theoretical background. Part III describes the main results; firstly, the active tests, performed on the RE-doped fiber as part of an optical amplifier, demonstrate that the Ce-codoping and H2-load have a key-role in the limitation of the radiation induced losses. Then, the spectroscopic analysis of the phosphosilicate glass (Raman study) and of the RE-ions (stationary and time-resolved luminescence) show a stabilization effect due to the two treatments, leading to a preservation of the high efficiency of the physical system under study