'The Industrial Revolution' is simultaneously one of the most under-examined and overly-simplified concepts in all of social science. One of the ways it is highly under-examined is in the arena of the ecological, particularly through the lens of critical world-history. This paper attempts to analyze the phenomenon through the lens of the world-ecology synthesis, in three distinct phases: First, the history of the conceptualization of the Industrial Revolution is examined at length, paying special attention to the knowledge foundations that determine these conceptualizations. Secondly, I sift out what I believe is the dominant model throughout most of modern and now postmodern history, which I identify as the techno-economic narrative. I then present the main critical world-historical challenge to that argument (that the Industrial Revolution was a unified, linear, two-century phenomenon) by outlining the critical interpretations of Fernand Braudel, Immanuel Wallerstein, Giovanni Arrighi, among others, leading a view of industrialization that is over the very long term, or what Braudel referred to as the longue durée. This long-view form of critical historical analysis is unabashedly Marxist, so there is some foray into various pieces of the Marxian canon, pieces that are often left untouched or at the least under-utilized in many politico-economic analyses of environmental history and politico-ecological narratives as well. Thirdly, I attempt to bring this new long-form view of industrialization more firmly into the ecological, but filtering the basic presuppositions of the 'techno-economic' narratives and the Marxist 'critical world-historical' narratives through the presuppositions of Jason W. Moore's world-ecology synthesis. What we arrive at through this filtering process is a very different view of the Industrial Revolution than we are used to hearing about. This is Part I of a much larger research process, one that I intend to bring into the present and future by looking at the development process of the BRICS as the next extension of the Industrial Revolution. What this paper is most concerned with is re-igniting what I think is a valuable debate among theorists, economic historians, and Marxist ecological thinkers, the debate about what exactly this phenomenon was, is, and will be. My small contribution is to re-define it in relationship to its really-existing history, including its antecedents and possible future expansions.

Thesis (M.A. (Information Studies)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / The digitalisation of library services is concerned with ensuring that almost all systems used to render services are ICT incorporated. This is of utmost importance since we are moving towards the 4th industrial revolution. Public libraries need to upgrade their systems to ensure that the service rendered is digitalised. Failure to digitalise libraries may lead to public libraries being obsolete and library staff may lose their users. The purpose of this study is to examine the digitalisation of library services as a magnifying factor towards improving public library services in Limpopo public libraries. The quantitative research approach was used to conduct this study. The questionnaire was used to collect data from Limpopo public library staff population. Convenience sampling techniques were used to select libraries in all five districts in Limpopo Province, which are Capricorn, Mopani, Vhembe, Waterberg and Sekhukhune. The instrument used to collect data from all library staff was a self-administered questionnaire. Eighty-seven questionnaires were distributed, filled, interpreted and analysed. Findings revealed that the library staff have a positive attitude towards digitalisation. The study also found that library staff do have the necessary Information and Communication Technology skills. Most libraries lack ICT systems and operate under financial constraints. The study recommends that training should be implemented more than once a year in public libraries and that it should be relevant towards the library staff needs. The government should also finance libraries for promotional and maintenance of ICT systems to ensure that a positive attitude is held up high by the library staff.

The diploma thesis focuses on the perception of the personality of Jan Palach by the inhabitants of the town of Všetaty. People of different generations, gender and education who shared his place of birth or residence with him. The whole study is based on a thorough heuristic work, which helped to draw the historical context. However, the emphasis is put mainly on the subjective statements of the addressed narrators, processed by years of proven methodological procedures of oral history. The focus is given to ordinary people who do not have direct family or friendly ties to Jan Palach. And because he himself wanted to snatch just such an ordinary Czechoslovak citizen from post-occupation lethargy, the study focuses on the degree of direct or indirect influence on the lives of the narrators.

The sexual revolution was a movement in the United States that challenged traditional ways of thinking about sexuality. The heart of the revolution was the "radical" idea that women, just like men, had sexual needs and were able to enjoy sex. In the name of the revolution, feminists demanded women’s right to the same sexual freedom as men had been given. The revolution led to the normalization and increased acceptance of sex outside of marriage, as well as birth control. However, despite these achievements, some feminists believed that the achievements occurred at the expense of women.  Although the sexual revolution was intended to lead to female liberation, some people argue that the revolution instead resulted in other forms of female oppression. To investigate this further, this study analyzed three different works of feminists with different views on the revolution and its consequences.  This study will discuss the following topics: pornography and sexualization. These have been analyzed in relation to various theories of autonomy. Finally, this study will discuss how the subjects affects women's rights contained in the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW). The questions in this study are answered throughout by using the method of critique of ideas. The method is based on the ideology that the authors themselves claim to defend as their own, in this essay it is the values of feminism. The critique is thus internal in the sense that no other values, other than those already stated in the material, are used in the assessment.  Products that are marketed using the female body are often packaged with feminist messages, which is a well-known paradox in feminism. Women today have achieved some success by being able to represent themselves as sexual subjects, but that does not mean that the sexualization that permeates the culture should be mixed with "girl power" or other feminist slogans. It is time to stop accepting objectification as a symbol of liberation and instead acknowledge it for what it really is, a contradiction. A culture where women are constantly and in various ways being sexualized should be considered a threat to her ability to choose her preferences in an autonomous way. In the same way, a society that is strongly influenced by pornography's notions of male dominance should be considered a threat towards women’s autonomy. States that have ratified CEDAW are required by Article 2 to pursue policies to eliminate discrimination against women and to take measures to promote gender equality. Thus, the affiliated states should take appropriate action in all sectors of society where women are discriminated.

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[pt] Hannah Arendt é frequentemente lida como uma autora da crise. Tendo nascido no curto século XX, testemunhando e mesmo vivendo ela mesma, enquanto estava entre os homens, inúmeras das catástrofes que tiveram seu lugar no palco do mundo. Como pensadora, ela fez de sua sistemática reflexão acerca do fenômeno totalitário o ponto de partida para inúmeros trabalhos cujo objetivo residia na tentativa de compreender este mundo e, a partir desta compreensão, com ele reconciliar-se. Entendendo o regime totalitário como uma novidade radical, que coloca em xeque nossas categorias de pensamento, bem como nossa capacidade de agir no mundo e discursar sobre os negócios humanos, Arendt acaba por aproximar este terrível evento de outro, cuja essência mesma é a novidade: a Revolução. Compreendendo a Revolução a partir do signo da fundação de uma Constituição da Liberdade e de uma Nova Ordem do Mundo, a autora enfrenta a difícil tarefa de conciliar algo que parece inconciliável na contemporaneidade: a capacidade da ação política de começar algo inteiramente novo e a necessidade de estabilização do espaço público onde a ação deve acontecer. É na interseção desta insuperável dicotomia que o presente trabalho pretende explorar conceitos fundamentais do pensamento arendtiano, como autoridade, liberdade, ação, poder, entre outros. Com eles tentar-se-á compreender o mergulho que Arendt faz às profundezas do passado para conferir nova dignidade ao campo da política, em um tempo onde os seres humanos cada vez menos assumem responsabilidade pelo mundo e pelas possibilidades que ele encerra. / [en] Hannah Arendt is often read as author of the crisis. Being born in the short 20th century, bearing witness and even living herself, while she was among men, many of the catastrophes that had place at the world s stage. As a thinker, she made her systematic meditation over the totalitarian phenomenon the starting point for many works which intention resided on trying to understand the world, and, from this comprehension, to be able to reconcile herself with it. Comprehending the totalitarian regime as a radical novelty, that embarrass our categories of thought, as well as our ability to act in the world and discourse about the human affairs, Arendt ended up approximating this terrible event with another one, which essence itself is the novelty: the Revolution. Understanding the Revolution as a foundation of a Constitution of Freedom and of a New World Order, the author faces the difficult challenge of conciliating things that seem to be completely contradictory in contemporaneity: the capacity of political action to start something entirely new and the necessity to stabilize the public space where action must happen. It is at the intersection of this unresolvable dichotomy that this work intends to explore fundamental concepts of the Arendtian thought, as authority, freedom, action, power, among others. With them I will try to understand the immersion that Arendt do to the depths of the past to give new dignity to the political field, in a time where the humans beings take, each passing day, less responsibility for the world and for the possibilities it reserves.

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This thesis explores the development of the Gothic novel in England throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This thesis establishes the Gothic as a literary mode of middle-class terror by analyzing Gothic novels within the historical context of the Industrial and Democratic revolutions. This requires an in-depth understanding of politics throughout both centuries and this thesis engages with several sources such as Maggie Kilgour’s The Rise of the Gothic Novel which adds important context to my claims. Additionally, I use several contemporary sources such as Godwin’s Caleb Williams, the writings of Edmund Burke, and On the Pleasure Derived from Objects of Terror by the Aikins. This thesis offers a method of tracking the Gothic as a consistently middle-class genre throughout history, and it ends with a chapter that questions the continued relevance of the Gothic as a middle-class genre in a world where the division of wealth is so skewed.