Bakgrund Cancer är en vanligt förekommande sjukdom globalt, vilken ofta behandlas med kemoterapi och radioterapi. Både behandlingarna och sjukdomen medför dock symtom och biverkningar som kan bidra till malnutrition samt ett kraftigt reducerat välmående för patienten. Sjuksköterskans omvårdnadsansvar omfattar att upptäcka, bedöma, förebygga, åtgärda och utvärdera undernäring - att deltaga i patientens nutritionsvård. Då malnutrition både kan leda till ökat lidande för individen samt en ökad belastning för samhället föreligger ett behov att fortsatt identifiera möjliga preventiva åtgärder för ett vanligt förekommande problem; malnutrition samt ätsvårigheter vid cancersjukdom. Syfte Syftet var att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebygga och behandla malnutrition och ätsvårigheter hos personer med cancer som genomgår kemoterapi och/eller radioterapi. Metod En icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt genomfördes med granskning av 15 originalartiklar av både kvantitativ och kvalitativ ansats, inhämtade från de akademiska databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. En sökstrategi togs fram baserat på relevanta sökord och kombinerades i sökblock. Utvalda studier kvalitetsgranskades i Sophiahemmet Högskolas bedömningsunderlag och sammanställdes sedan utefter tre kategorier med hjälp av en integrerad dataanalys. Resultat Tre huvudkategorier identifierades: Riskbedömning och utvärdering, Patientutbildning och information samt Närings- och måltidsinterventioner. Resultaten redovisade att viktiga aspekter för sjuksköterskan att implementera i arbetet med patienter med cancer var att utbilda och informera patienten om sjukdomen, behandlingen och biverkningar, tillämpa adekvata verktyg för bedömning av risk för undernäring, samt att använda multimodala näringsinterventioner med konkreta råd för symtomhantering, och individanpassade kostråd. Resultatet påvisar vikten av ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt för att inte bara förbättra fysiska aspekter utan även förbättra välmåendet hos patienten med cancer Slutsats Litteraturöversikten demonstrerar att sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av utbildning, bedömningsverktyg och näringsinterventioner som omvårdnadsåtgärder för att behandla och förebygga undernäring hos patienter med cancer som genomgår kemo- och/eller radioterapi. Resultaten kan förse sjuksköterskan med konkreta omvårdnadsåtgärder samt verktyg som kan bidra till att motverka undernäring under pågående onkologisk behandling. / Background Cancer is a commonly occurring disease globally, with treatment alternatives such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Although, the treatments and the disease entail symptoms and side effects that can contribute to malnutrition and a reduced well-being for the patient. The nurse’s responsibility is to detect, assess, prevent, support and evaluate malnutrition – to participate in the patient's nutrition care. Since malnutrition can lead to increased suffering for the individual and an increased burden for the society, there is a need to continuously identify potential preventive actions to a commonly occurring problem; malnutrition and eating difficulties in cancer. Aim The aim was to describe nursing measures to prevent and treat malnutrition and eating difficulties in people with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Method A non-systematic literature review was conducted, reviewing 15 original articles of both quantitative and qualitative approaches obtained from the academic databases PubMed and CINAHL. A search strategy was developed based on relevant keywords and combined in search blocks. The quality of the selected studies was reviewed in Sophiahemmet University’s assessment document and then compiled according to three categories with the help of an integrated data analysis. Results Three main categories were identified: Risk Assessment and Evaluation, Patient Education and Information, and Nutrition and Meal Interventions. The results reported that important aspects for the nurse to implement in the work with oncological patients were to educate and inform the patient about the disease, the treatment and its side effects, to apply adequate tools for assessing the risk of malnutrition and to deploy versatile nutritional interventions with advice for managing symptoms and individual dietary recommendations. The result demonstrates the importance of a person-centered approach to not just improve physical aspects but also to improve the well-being of the oncology patient. Conclusions The literature review demonstrates that the nurse can use education, assessment tools and nutritional interventions as nursing measures to treat and prevent malnutrition in patients with cancer undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. These results can provide the nurse with concrete nursing measures and tools that can contribute to counteracting malnutrition during ongoing oncology treatment.

No description available.

Darbe analizuojami onkologinių ligų dvasiniai aspektai sergančiųjų bei artimųjų gyvenimuose. Akcentuojami visi jausmai, emocijos ir išgyvenimai, su kuriais susiduria sergantieji ir jų artimieji. Paliečiama tema apie pagalbą, kuri suteikiama sergantiesiems ir artimiesiems bei suteikiamo ar nesuteikiamos pagalbos trūkumus. Paliečiama tema apie Dievą ir tikėjimą, jo įtaką susirgus onkologine liga ar būnant šalia sergančiojo. Analizuojama įvairi literatūra bei ţiniasklaidos šaltiniai, kuriuose pasakojama ne tik apie ligą, bet ir apie organizuojamas akcijas. Empirinėje dalyje pateikiama informacija, kuri gauta respondentų dėka. Tyrimu pagrindţiama teorinė dalis, kuri labai svarbi atskleidţiant temą. Remiantis tyrimo rezultatais galima teigti: Onkologinė liga pakeičia gyvenimą ne tik sergančiajam, bet ir jo artimiesiems. Pasikeičia ţmonių gyvenimo būdas, mąstymas, vertybės bei elgesys. Tikėjimas sergant daţniausiai lieka toks pat; būna išimčių, kad tikėjimas Dievu labai sustiprėja. Taip pat verta paminėti, kad jei ţmogus netikėjo, tai jis nepradeda tikėti, kai artimasis suserga arba kai ţmogus suserga pats. Dvasinė ir psichologinė būsena pasikeičia, kadangi ţmogus išgyvena labai didelį stresą, šoką, liūdesį ir daug įvairių emocijų, kurios pakeičia daugelį gyvenimo aspektų. Dvasinė – psichologinė pagalba neteikiama ir nesiūloma, jei ţmonės patys neieško. Tai didţiulė problema, kadangi tokia pagalba yra reikalinga sergantiesiems ir jų artimiesiems. Gerumo akcijos sergančiųjų ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The paper analyzes the spiritual aspects of oncological patients and loved ones lives. With emphasis on all the feelings, emotions and experiences faced by people with their relatives. Touched on the topic of advice given to patients and relatives, and granted or denied assistance gaps. Touched the subject of God and religion, its influence on suffering from cancer or being near sick. Analyzing diverse literature and media sources, which tells the story not only of the disease, but also about the promotions. The empirical part of the information obtained through the respondents. The study justified theoretical part, which is very important for revealing the subject. Based on the results of the study can be stated: • oncological disease changes your life, not only sick, but also his family. • A change in people's way of living, thinking, values and behavior. • Belief in patients usually remain the same and there is exceptions to a stronger faith in God. It is also worth noting that if a man did not believe, he does not start to believe when a loved one becomes sick or when a person gets sick himself. • The spiritual and psychological state changes as a person is going through a very high stress, shock, sadness and a lot of different emotions that replace many aspects of life. • Spiritual - not provided psychological support and fails if they themselves seek. This is a huge problem, because such aid is necessary for patients and their loved ones. • Kindness Shares patients and... [to full text]

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-09-29T11:13:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 palomacoutinhocampos.pdf: 5829427 bytes, checksum: e2b9dfa9ebddb0f9046383d6b3ae8ee0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T19:25:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 palomacoutinhocampos.pdf: 5829427 bytes, checksum: e2b9dfa9ebddb0f9046383d6b3ae8ee0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T19:25:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 palomacoutinhocampos.pdf: 5829427 bytes, checksum: e2b9dfa9ebddb0f9046383d6b3ae8ee0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T19:25:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 palomacoutinhocampos.pdf: 5829427 bytes, checksum: e2b9dfa9ebddb0f9046383d6b3ae8ee0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-22 / O câncer é um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo, por sua alta incidência, mortalidade e por comprometer a saúde e a qualidade de vida do ser humano. Este estudo se propôs a responder à questão norteadora: como a pessoa idosa vivencia o adoecimento por câncer? Objetivou-se desvelar os sentidos da pessoa idosa que vivencia o adoecimento por câncer. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, foi norteada pela Fenomenologia, alicerçada no pensamento teórico-filosófico e metodológico de Martin Heidegger. Participaram deste estudo, quatorze pessoas idosas, entrevistadas em encontros mediados pela empatia e redução de pressupostos, ocorridos entre os meses de novembro de 2016 e abril de 2017. A compreensão vaga e mediana permitiu a elaboração do fio condutor de análise. A hermenêutica possibilitou a interpretação do ser-pessoa-idosa-que-vivencia-o-adoecimento-por-câncer que se depara com a verdade, tornando-se um ser-descobridor. O temor é vivenciado pelas pessoas idosas, nas suas diferentes formas do pavor, horror e terror. Revela-se no modo do falatório, ao tomar aquilo que é do outro como seu. Mostra-se como um ser lançado no mundo, aberto às possibilidades de ser-em e ser-com, valendo-se da ocupação e preocupação. A partir dos sentidos desvelados nessa pesquisa, evidencia-se a importância de se discutir modos de cuidado autêntico à pessoa idosa que vivencia o câncer. O cuidado, como essência da Enfermagem, implica em desenvolver a sensibilidade de olhar o ser em sua fragilidade que necessita de cuidados para sua esfera existencial e não somente para seu corpo físico. / Cancer is a serious public health problem in Brazil and the world, due to its high incidence, mortality and to compromise the health and quality of life of the human being. This study aims to answer the guiding question: how does the elderly person experience cancer sickness? The objective was to unveil the senses of the elderly person who experiences the illness due to cancer. The research, of a qualitative nature, was guided by the Phenomenology, based on the theoretical-philosophical and methodological thought of Martin Heidegger. Fourteen elderly people interviewed in meetings mediated by empathy and reduced assumptions, occurred between November 2016 and April 2017, participated in this study. The vague and median understanding allowed the elaboration of the thread of analysis. Hermeneutics enabled the interpretation of the being-person-elderly-who-experiences-the-sickness-by-cancer who comes across truth, becoming a discoverer. Fear is experienced by the elderly, in their different forms of dread, horror and terror. It is revealed in the mode of speaking, by taking what belongs to the other as his own. It shows itself as a being launched into the world, open to the possibilities of being-in and being-with, availing itself of the occupation and concern. From the senses unveiled in this research, it is evident the importance of discussing an authentic way of care for the elderly person who experiences cancer. Care as the essence of Nursing implies developing the sensitivity of looking at the being in its fragility that needs care for its existential sphere and not only for its physical body.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-01-12T16:25:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 laisdevasconcellosserrano.pdf: 1218320 bytes, checksum: dd03668fb5ce137065673f4a1b46b43f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:16:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 laisdevasconcellosserrano.pdf: 1218320 bytes, checksum: dd03668fb5ce137065673f4a1b46b43f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-01-25T17:16:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 laisdevasconcellosserrano.pdf: 1218320 bytes, checksum: dd03668fb5ce137065673f4a1b46b43f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-25T17:16:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 laisdevasconcellosserrano.pdf: 1218320 bytes, checksum: dd03668fb5ce137065673f4a1b46b43f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-29 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O câncer é considerado problema de saúde pública devido à alta incidência tanto nos países desenvolvidos quanto nos subdesenvolvidos. A assistência à pessoa doente em estágio avançado envolve a atuação integrada entre as equipes de saúde e de enfermagem com o paciente e com quem o acompanha. Esta pesquisa se propôs a responder à questão norteadora: como a equipe de enfermagem significa o sentido do acompanhante? Objetivou-se desvelar os sentidos da equipe de enfermagem sobre o acompanhante da pessoa hospitalizada por doença oncológica. Foram assim denominados, os familiares ou pessoas significativas vinculadas afetivamente à pessoa doente que acompanham seu caminhar no processo de adoecimento. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, foi norteada pela fenomenologia, alicerçada no pensamento teórico-metodológico e filosófico de Martin Heidegger. Foram participantes doze profissionais, seis enfermeiros e seis técnicos em enfermagem, entrevistados em encontro mediado pela empatia e redução de pressupostos, ocorridos entre julho e novembro de 2014. A compreensão vaga e mediana favoreceu a elaboração do fio condutor de análise. A hermenêutica abriu possibilidades à compreensão interpretativa do ser-aí-profissional-de-enfermagem que se mostrou imerso na cotidianidade ao agir na impessoalidade, impropriedade e inautenticidade. Não se compreende como ser-com-o-acompanhante no cotidiano da prática, posto que se mostra no modo do falatório, ambiguidade, decadência e ocupação.Revela que o acompanhante dá apoio e suporte afetivo, é atencioso e carinhoso, mas também, pode atrapalhar o tratamento ao demonstrar desespero e ansiedade diante do quadro clínico, ter postura inadequada e não compreender as prioridades assistenciais. É desejável que a coparticipação e o diálogo, para além das imposições, normas ou determinações de tarefas, envolvam esta pessoa no processo assistencial e terapêutico, para que não venha a sentir que está a prestar cuidados por obrigação ou por imposição da equipe. Quando este relacionamento acontece de forma saudável, com trocas mútuas, o clima se torna favorável à inclusão e desenvolvimento do processo assistencial e a pessoa com doença oncológica pode se sentir mais segura ao perceber que recebe o apoio e assistência necessários. / The cancer is considered a public health problem due to the high occurrence either in developed or in underdeveloped countries. The assistance to the sick person in advanced stage involves the integrated performance between the health and nursing teams with the patient and the person who accompanies him. This research aimed to answer the leading question: How does the nursing team mean the sense of the companion? It was aimed to reveal the senses of the nursing team about the companion of hospitalized person because of an oncological disease. There were so denominated, the family or meaningful people linked affectively to sick people who accompany his moving in the illness process. The research of a qualitative nature was guided by the phenomenology, supported by the theoretical-methodological and philosophical thought of Martin Heidegger. There were twelve professional participants, six nurses and six nursing technicians, interviewed in a meeting mediated by the empathy and reduction of suppositions, held between July and November of 2014. The vague and median comprehension favored the common thread preparation of analysis. The hermeneutics opened possibilities for the interpretative comprehension of being-a-nursing-professional that has proved immersed in the everyday life of acting in the impersonality, impropriety and inauthenticity. It is incomprehensible as being-with-the-companion in the practical daily life, since it shows itself in the way of chat, ambiguity, decadence and occupation. It shows that the companion gives affective support, is attentive and caring, but he can also disturb the treatment when he demonstrates desperation and anxiety in view of the clinical situation, have inappropriate attitude and may not understand the service priorities. It is desirable that the co-participation and dialogue, besides the impositions, rules and tasks determinations, also involve this person in the assistance and therapeutics process, so that it will not feel that he is taking care for obligation or team imposition. When this relationship happens in a healthy way, with mutual exchanges, the atmosphere becomes benefic to the inclusion and development in the assistance process and the person that has an oncologic disease can feel more secure when realizing that he receives the necessary support.

Background: Psychological problems are common in cancer patients. For the purpose of planning psycho-oncological interventions and services tailored to the specific needs of different cancer patient populations, it is necessary to know to what extent psychological problems meet the criteria of mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to estimate the 12-month and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in cancer patients. Methods: A representative sample of patients with different tumour entities and tumour stages (n = 2,141) in outpatient, inpatient and rehabilitation settings underwent the standardized computer-assisted Composite International Diagnostic Interview for mental disorders adapted for cancer patients (CIDI-O). Results: The overall 12-month prevalence for any mental disorder was 39.4% (95% CI: 37.3–41.5), that for anxiety disorders was 15.8% (95% CI: 14.4–17.4), 12.5% (95% CI: 11.3–14.0) for mood disorders, 9.5% (95% CI: 8.3–10.9) for somatoform disorders, 7.3% (95% CI: 6.2–8.5) for nicotine dependence, 3.7% (95% CI: 3.0–4.6) for disorders due to general medical condition, and 1.1% (95% CI: 0.7–1.6) for alcohol abuse or dependence. Lifetime prevalence for any mental disorder was 56.3% (95% CI 54.1–58.6), that for anxiety disorders was 24.1% (95% CI: 22.3–25.9), 20.5% (95% CI: 18.9–22.3) for mood disorders, 19.9% (95% CI: 18.3–21.7) for somatoform disorders, 18.2% (95% CI: 16.6–20.0) for nicotine dependence, 6.4% (95% CI: 5.4–7.6) for alcohol abuse or dependence, 4.6% (95% CI: 3.8–5.6) for disorders due to general medical condition, and 0.2% (95% CI: 0.1–0.6) for eating disorders. Conclusions: Mental disorders are highly prevalent in cancer patients, indicating the need for provision of continuous psycho-oncological support from inpatient to outpatient care, leading to an appropriate allocation of direct personnel and other resources.

La demanda generada por pacientes con patologías oncológicas se ha incrementado a medida del incremento de la incidencia de casos. Esto, sumado al requerimiento de atención médica intradomiciliaria debido a la pandemia por el virus SARS-COV-2, genera una necesidad, así como una oportunidad de negocio. El presente trabajo desarrolla el Plan de Negocios Cuidándote, que presta servicios de cuidados paliativos a domicilio para pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico en estadio IV, afiliados a una IAFAS privada y residentes en Lima Metropolitana. La demanda insatisfecha existente será atendida empleando la estrategia de Diferenciación. La propuesta de valor es prestar servicios de cuidado integral al binomio paciente - familia, cuyo objetivo es mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente y brindar soporte tanto educativo como emocional que la familia necesita, con la colaboración de un equipo multidisciplinario especializado en cuidados paliativos y manejo del dolor. El modelo de negocio está basado en contratos con IAFAS privadas, teniendo un mercado potencial de tres IAFAS con un total de 130,271 afiliados, proyectándose la venta de un total de 360 paquetes para el primer año. El capital es de S/. 500,000.00 soles, 50% es un préstamo bancario y el otro 50% es inversión de los accionistas, destinando el 13% a costos fijos totales anuales y el 87% a costos variables anuales. El proyecto tiene una VANE de S/.430,466 soles y un TIR económico de 37% y un TIRF de 45%, lo cual indica que es viable para su ejecución y los riesgos son controlables. / The demand generated by patients with oncological pathologies has increased as the incidence of cases has increased. This, added to the requirement for home health care due to the SARS-COV-2 virus pandemic, creates a need, as well as a business opportunity. This work develops the Cuidándote Business Plan, which provides palliative care services at home for patients with stage IV cancer diagnosis, affiliated with a private IAFAS and residents of Metropolitan Lima. The existing unsatisfied demand will be met using the Differentiation strategy. The value proposition is to provide comprehensive care services to the patient - family binomial, whose objective is to improve the quality of life of the patient and provide both educational and emotional support that the family needs, with the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team specialized in palliative care and pain management. The business model is based on contracts with private IAFAS, having a potential market of three IAFAS with a total of 130,271 affiliates, projecting the sale of a total of 360 packages for the first year. The capital is S /. 500,000.00 soles, 50% is a bank loan and the other 50% is investment by the shareholders, allocating 13% to total annual fixed costs and 87% to annual variable costs. The project has an NPV of S /.430,466 soles and an economic IRR of 37% and an IRR of 45%, which indicates that it is viable for its execution and the risks are controllable. / Trabajo de investigación

Assignment of diploma thesis is a design of the Prevention center building and expansion of Radiation oncology clinic in Masaryk oncological institution in Brno. The newly build complex should contain aggregate facility for preventive examinations including screening section, advisory centers and center for proton therapy. Another components will also be an inpatient ward, personnel facilites, apartments for employees and rentable units. The purpose of creation of a new prevention center is an increase in capacity for carrying out prevention within commerical programme and also during taking care of people with increased risk of occurence of a malignant tumor.

The thesis "Psychological and social aspects of coping with oncological gynecokogical illnesses (focused on breast cancer)" studies the demands and difficulties which women diagnosed with breast cancer are delaing with. In the theoretical part, attention is given to breast tumor and to the stages of the illness. It shows the needs and problems the women face and the possibilities of psychological help. This part of my thesis also describes different types of cure and its specifics and the changes it brings to the women's life. It is followed by coping strategies and defence mechanisms. In conclusion, the effects of the illness on personal relationships are outlined. In the empirical part, we map supporting psychological and other factors which helped with the treatment and with coping with it. The empirical part comprises 11 individual interviews with women who had breast cancer. The research methodology is supplemented with The Life Satisfaction Inventory. In the interviews we also focused on the factors of health care which were helping and the ones that could be improved. The results of the mapping qualitative study indicated two most important factors which helped the women to cope with this serious illness. It was social support and active coping strategies. In the sphere of health care, the...

The diploma thesis "Psychological aspects of coping with a serious somatic disease: women diagnosed with cervical cancer" deals with psychological demands of the adaptation to the oncological disease with focus on specifics of the cervical cancer diagnosis. The theoretical part first introduces specifics of cervical cancer with consideration of patients' experience and then provides the issue of coping with the oncological disease in terms of coping and defense mechanisms. Then it elaborates the psychological adaptation to cancer disease with focus on other aspects linked to society, patients and disease altogether with problems in coping with oncological diagnosis. The theoretical part of the study is concluded with the description of demands and patients' experience in each clinical stage of the disease. The empirical part describes supporting psychological and other aspects, which help women to cope with cervical cancer. It also pays attention to the change of these aspects and needs with regard to clinical stage of the disease (treatment, remission and relapse) and specific demographic data (age, children, size of residence, partnership). It is also focused on those of supporting aspects, which are appreciated or missed by the patients within the treating team (doctors and other medical staff)....