What are the factors that make non buyers hesitant to buy groceries online? The purpose of this study is to examine why non buyers hesitate to buy groceries online. Different factors are linked to two theoretical frameworks, namely Theory of planned behavior (TPB) and Technology acceptance model (TAM). This study is of a quantitative nature, by conducting a web-based questionnaire. The study applies a deductive approach in order to test the relationship between the dependent and independent variables of TPB and TAM in the context of non buyers of online grocery in Sweden. The main analysis for this study is a simple linear regression analysis. The results of this study show that the main predictor of non buyers’ hesitation to buy groceries online are the factors of perceived behavioral control. Other factors that had a significant effect on intention were the ones regarding attitude, external variables and perceived ease of use. While factors of subjective norm and perceived usefulness had no influence on non buyers’ intention.

The goal of the Master´s Thesis is to make a business plan which would reflect the business intention of its author for an online food delivery service, to be able to asses its viability and possibly its feasebility. The first part is theoretical and it is dealing with the necessities of such plan. Special attention is put on the structure of a business plan. Practical part of the thesis is dedicated to the individual parts of the plan. Firstly the business opportunity and the form of personnel is introduced. Secondly the analysis of the market, competition, suppliers and marketing strategy. The financial plan is than testing the feasibility of the idea form the economic perspective.

There has been a significant increase in e-commerce over the past years and to which extent consumers use it. During the past year, when the Covid-19 pandemic has ravaged among us, food consumption has also become a fact. Grocery stores have had the opportunity to develop their e-commerce and offer their customers a chance to purchase products at any time suitable. As the market is evolving, the concept of consumer behavior and impulse buying behavior has become more relevant and exciting in research. Still, little research has been done regarding how grocery stores influence consumers’ impulse buying behavior when shopping for groceries online.  The purpose of this research, from a business perspective, is to investigate how grocery companies influence consumers' impulse buying behavior online and to identify if there are any contributing factors to influencing this behavior. The aim is to develop a more profound knowledge within this topic due to the lack of previous research on impulse buying behavior when shopping for groceries online.  The conclusion of this thesis shows that impulse purchases increase the additional sales to the store and that there are clear strategies for how the grocery stores do to influence the impulse buying behavior in the physical store. However, the study showed that grocery stores do not actively work to influence consumers' impulse buying behavior when shopping for groceries online as they do not have the power to implement them. This is because the head offices control their e-commerce.

Personaliserad marknadsföring är betydelsefullt för e-handeln och dess framgång. “Personaliserad marknadsföring definieras som att designa och leverera skräddarsydda produkter och tjänster till enskilda kunder, personaliserad marknadsföring innebär med andra ord differentierade erbjudanden för enskilda kunder” (Chandra, Verma, Marc Lim, Kumar & Donthu 2022, s. 1534).  Denna marknadsföringsstrategi får en ökad betydelse på nätet inom detaljhandel. Det finns bristfällig forskning gällande konsumenternas uppfattning om personaliserad marknadsföring samt bristande forskning kring kulturella aspekter inom personaliserad marknadsföring. Det finns en oro bland konsumenter för hur företag behandlar personliga uppgifter samt säkerheten kring dessa. Samtidigt har hantering av personliga uppgifter blivit ett diskuterat ämne inom EU där lagen om GDPR har tillfört att denna hantering skapat en större kontroll över personliga uppgifter. Denna studie syftar till att öka förståelsen kring personaliserad marknadsföring inom EU utifrån konsumenternas uppfattning samt att undersöka vilka faktorer som påverkar denna uppfattning. Studien avgränsas till EU då länder inom EU regleras av lagen om GDPR. För att undersöka detta har en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi tillämpats, där semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts med konsumenter i Sverige och Tyskland.  De teorier som tillämpats behandlar delning av personlig information, konsumentbeteende, integritet, köpintention vid personaliserad marknadsföring och individualism/kollektivism. Empirin har tillsammans med teorierna analyserats och visat på att det finns skillnader i hur svenska och tyska konsumenter uppfattar personaliserad marknadsföring.  Studiens slutsats fastställer en positiv uppfattning om personaliserad marknadsföring bland de svenska konsumenterna i större omfattning i jämförelse med de tyska konsumenterna. Studien påvisar att de svenska konsumenterna inte uppvisar en oro för integritet, en upplevd påträngning av personliga annonser samt en motvilja till att dela personlig information i lika stor utsträckning som de tyska konsumenterna. Studien kan urskilja att de tyska konsumenterna påverkas i större grad av lagen om GDPR och ytterligare en tysk lag som reglerar hantering av personliga uppgifter. Studien påvisar även att konsumenterna påverkas av två faktorer, personliga och sociala, vid val av livsmedelsvaror. Studien kan även konstatera att konsumenterna påvisar ett individualistiskt beteende vid val av livsmedelsvaror. / Personalized marketing is important to e-commerce and its success. “Personalized marketing is defined as designing and delivering tailor-made products and services to individual customers. In other words, personalized marketing involves differentiated offerings for individual customers” (Chandra, Verma, Marc Lim, Kumar & Donthu 2022, s. 1534).  This marketing strategy is gaining increased importance online in retail. There is inadequate research regarding consumers’ perceptions of personalized marketing. In addition, there is inadequate research regarding cultural aspects of personalized marketing. There is a concern among consumers about how companies process personal data and the security regarding this. At the same time, processing of personal data has become a discussed topic within the EU, where GDPR has contributed to a greater control over the processing of personal data. This study aims to increase the understanding of personalized marketing within the EU based on consumers’ perception and to study which factors influence this perception. The study is limited to the EU as countries within the EU are regulated by the law of GDPR. To investigate this, a qualitative research strategy has been applied, where semi-structured interviews have been conducted with consumers in Sweden and Germany.   The theories that are applied to this study deal with the sharing of personal information, consumer behavior, privacy, purchase intention in personalized marketing and individualism/collectivism. The collected data have been analyzed together with the theories and shown that there are differences in how Swedish consumers and German consumers perceive personalized marketing.  The conclusion of this study establishes a positive perspective of personalized marketing among the Swedish consumers to a greater extent in comparison with the German consumers. The study can prove that Swedish consumers do not show a concern for privacy, a perceived intrusion of personal advertisements and an aversion of sharing personal information to the same extent as the German consumers. The study can distinguish that German consumers are affected to a greater extent by the law on GDPR and another German law that regulates the handling of personal data. This study also shows that consumers are influenced by two factors, personal and social, when choosing food products. The study can also establish that consumers demonstrate an individualistic behavior when choosing food products.

Bakgrund: E-handeln växer kraftigt och den digitala mathandeln är inne i sin mest expansiva fas. Konkurrensen inom den digitala mathandeln ökar stadigt och leder till allt högre förväntningar från kunder. De höga kundkraven skapar utmaningar för företag inom den digitala mathandeln att följa med i kundernas krav och förväntningar och på så vis skapa kvalitet för kunder. Därmed finns ett behov att öka förståelsen både kring livsmedelsföretags kvalitetsstyrning samt vilka förväntningar och krav kunder har på den digitala mathandeln. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att få förståelse för hur kvalitetsstyrningen ser ut inom den digitala mathandeln i Sverige. Vidare vill vi få insikt i vad som värdesätts av kunder för att livsmedelsföretagen ska få ökad förståelse kring hur de kan utforma kvalitetsstyrningen. Metod: Studien är av kvalitativ karaktär och har en flerfallstudiedesign. Det empiriska materialet är insamlat genom sex semistrukturerade intervjuer från tre företag och tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med kunder. Slutsats: Företagen inom den digitala mathandeln arbetar till stor del i enlighet med kvalitetsstyrning, dock inte fullständigt. Vidare stämmer företagens arbete till stor del överens med kundens förväntningar med vissa undantag. Leveransen har exempelvis liten prioritet hos fallföretagen, medan den värderas högt av kunder. Att de inte helt överensstämmer visar att ytterligare kundfokus är önskvärt. / Background: E-commerce is growing rapidly and online supermarkets are in their most expansive phase. Competition between online supermarkets are increasing which results in high expectations from customers. High customer expectations create challenges for online supermarkets in meeting customer expectations and creating quality for customers. Therefore, there is a need to increase the understanding of the quality management of online supermarkets as well as knowledge about customer expectations. Aim: The aim of the study is to increase the understanding of quality management in Swedish online supermarkets. Furthermore, the aim is to gain insight into which aspects customers values to provide online supermarkets with an increased understanding of how to design their quality management. Methodology: The study has a qualitative research approach and a multiple case study design. The empirical material is collected through six semi-structured interviews with three online supermarkets as well as semi-structured interviews with ten customers. Conclusions: Swedish online supermarkets work in accordance with quality management, however not completely. Furthermore, the priorities of the companies are mainly equivalent with the expectations of customers although not entirely. For example, delivery has a lack of priority for supermarkets, while it is highly valued by customers. The fact that they do not completely correspond indicates that additional customer focus is desirable.

The purpose of this study is to identify how Covid-19 has impacted the behaviour of baby boomers when grocery shopping. While most countries in the world went on lockdown, the Swedes decided otherwise. Covid-19 has caused unprecedented behavioural changes amongst Swedish consumers, to avoid risks affiliated with the virus. This has led to the largest increase in usage of online grocery services among all industries. Baby boomers increased their online presence during the pandemic, more so than any other generation. Therefore, identifying and elaborating on these behavioural changes could help predict whether these are temporary or here to stay.  Researchers applied the exploratory design with a qualitative approach which allowed for extensive investigation of the baby boomers' experience and presented rich details of the topic from various perspectives. Through a deductive approach, the authors reached a conclusion that is in line with a predetermined proposition based on logic in theory and applying it. Therefore, existing literature was first reviewed to provide the authors with a theoretical framework.  Next, primary data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews with participants that were gathered with the snowball sampling technique. The data was organised according to three global themes: Objects, Doings and Meanings. It was later compiled in a codebook, providing a general overview for comparison and analysis.  The study showed that during the pandemic the frequency and shopping schedule changed. Participants modified this behaviour to avoid crowding. In-store grocery shopping was preferred due to the generation’s desire to test the quality of products before purchase. After the pandemic, the majority of participants were eager to utilise digital tools in-store to a greater extent, as a means of convenience and efficiency. In addition, online grocery shopping is viewed to be complicated and it inhibits their ability to test the quality of products.

The number of people who buy their groceries via e-commerce at least once a month has increased since the start of the covid-19 pandemic. As food and food production contributes about 20 to 30 percent of the total consumption-related environmental impact in Europe, a change in consumer behavior is required. To encourage more sustainable consumer behavior nudging can be implemented. Digital nudging is an interface tool that can be applied in cases of influencing people to do a certain desired action. The scientific literature confirms that a knowledge gap exists in how nudging can be used as previous research has focused more on why nudging is beneficial. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to investigate how nudging can be used in a web-based grocery store to influence consumers to make more sustainable choices. The study uses a qualitative research strategy with semi-structured interviews as a data collection method. The results show that a lack of knowledge regarding the concept of sustainability and sustainable products is the biggest obstacle when it comes to trying to influence consumers to make sustainable choices. For this reason, the study's four nudge proposals are mainly intended to educate consumers about sustainable foods in connection with purchasing them via e-commerce. A need has been identified for future research studies to investigate how nudges can be designed for different customer segments and behavioral groups. In addition, there is a need for similar research studies to be conducted where the consumer perspective is included and explored.

Though grocery shopping is largely done by habit, consumers are provided with continuous information aiming to inform and persuade them to make active choices. Online grocery shopping offers further ways for consumers to find, evaluate and compare products with just a few clicks. Country of origin labelling (COOL), providing consumers with further information, has gained popularity over recent years. What influences consumers to actively choose COOL products has been researched, but specifically Swedish consumers’ evaluation of COOL online has remained unexplored. The aim of the current study is to contribute to the understanding of consumers’ evaluation of COOL in the online environment, particularly for Swedish consumers. A survey was distributed and the answers analysed in order to evaluate Swedish consumers’ perceptions of COOL in the online environment. The results suggest that Swedish consumers value COOL highly, since it aligns with their values. Those who have a higher interest in COOL pay less attention to price, and they are willing to pay more for Swedish products. Additionally, more ways to find and filter products online based on country of origin, is desired amongst consumers who value COOL. / Trots att mathandel ofta görs på ren vana, så förses konsumenter med massor av information med syfte att informera och övertyga de att göra aktiva val. Mathandel online erbjuder ytterligare sätt för konsumenter att hitta, utvärdera och jämföra produkter med endast ett par klick. Ursprungsmärkning, som förser konsumenter med än mer information, har vuxit i popularitet de senaste åren. Det har forskats kring vad som influerar en konsument att aktivt välja ursprungsmärkta produkter, men svenska konsumenters värdering av ursprungsmärkning i onlinehandeln har förblivit outforskat. Syftet med denna studie är att bidra till förståelsen för konsumenters värdering av ursprungsmärkning i onlinemiljö, specifikt med hänsyn till svenska konsumenter. En enkät användes för att utvärdera och analysera svenska konsumenters uppfattning av ursprungsmärkningar i onlinemiljö. Resultatet antyder att svenska konsumenter värderar ursprungsmärkta produkter högt, då de efterlever deras värderingar. De som har ett större intresse för ursprungsmärkningar lägger mindre vikt vid pris och är villiga att betala mer för svenska produkter. Dessutom efterfrågas fler tillvägagångssätt för att hitta och filtrera produkter online baserat på ursprung bland konsumenter som värderar ursprungsmärkningar.

Online mathandel är en ständigt växande tjänst i Sverige eftersom fler människor börjar handla sin mat på nätet. Trots det äter svenskarna inte nyttigt då över 51% av befolkningen är överviktiga eller lider av fetma vilket kan leda till allvarliga sjukdomar. Inkluderingen av frukt och grönsaker i den dagliga kosten har visat sig vara det optimala sättet att motverka övervikt och sjukdomar. Sedan år 2010 har termen gamification bildats och inneburit att spelelement har använts inom olika sammanhang utanför spel. Studier har visat att implementeringen av gamification och spelelement som exempelvis poäng, badgesoch leaderboards inom olika tjänster har haft positiva inverkan inom lärande, undervisning och framförallt motivation. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur gamification kunde motivera människor att handla mer frukt och grönsaker via en online mathandelssida. Studien genomfördes med en high-fidelity prototyp innehållande spelelementen badges, leaderboards, avatarer, poäng, förloppsindikatorer och feedback och testades på sex deltagare som tidigare hade handlat mat på nätet. De kvalitativa metoderna observation och intervju användes för att generera resultatet. Undersökningen resulterade i att deltagarna upplevde ökad motivation för att handla mer frukt och grönsaker och visade att gamification även kunde implementeras inom mathandel på nätet. / Online grocery shopping is an ever-growing service in Sweden, as more people are starting to purchase their food online. Despite this, the Swedes do not eat well since over 51% of the population is overweight or obese, which can lead to serious diseases. The inclusion of fruits and vegetables in the daily diet has proven to be the optimal way to counteract obesity and diseases. Since year 2010, the term gamification has been formed and has meant that game elements have been used in different contexts outside of games. Studies have shown that the implementation of gamification and game elements such as points, badges and leaderboards in various services has had a positive impact on learning, teaching and, above all, motivation. The purpose of the study was to investigate how gamification could motivate people to purchase more fruit and vegetables via an online grocery shopping site. The study was conducted with a high-fidelity prototype containing the game elements badges, leaderboards, avatars, points, levels and feedback and was tested on six participants who had previously purchased food online. The qualitative methods of observation and interview were used to generate the result. The study resulted in the participants experiencing increased motivation to purchase more fruit and vegetables and showed that gamification could also be implemented in online grocery shopping services.

The aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive understanding of successful strategies in retail trade, overview of the Czech online grocery retail market and provide recommendations how to succeed in this market. This diploma thesis is intended to help established big grocery retailers, start-ups venturing into the online grocery retail and prospective investors into such start-ups understand the Czech online grocery market. First, we provide a summary of the major developments in the history of retail trade and e-commerce accompanied by several business strategy frameworks proposed by academics for achieving success in these two markets. Second, we define online grocery retail with its different business formats, analyse strategies used across the world and the biggest challenges of this business. Third, we provide an overview of the Czech grocery retail market, both store based and online based. Fourth, we present our findings from our customer survey and form our recommendations based on the findings of the whole thesis. The main contribution of this thesis is in providing an integrated understanding of the Czech online grocery retail market.