Orientador: Milton Cezar Ribeiro / Resumo: Os hantavírus provocam doenças de alta letalidade e já foram alvo de diversas propostas de investigação. Com o avanço da tecnologia, da Ciência e dos movimentos Open, trabalhar com um volume massivo de dados é muito mais possível hoje do que 20 anos atrás. Há uma demanda por estudos que possam sumarizar, disponibilizar e avaliar o papel da biodiversidade em processos de difusão de doenças zoonóticas. Nesta tese, que se iniciou como um entendimento da extensão e distribuição da biodiversidade da Mata Atlântica, busquei compreender a patogeografia da hantavirose. A dinâmica da infecção por hantavirose pode depender de diversos fatores interagindo, como clima e paisagem, bem como a distribuição de populações de roedores hospedeiros. No primeiro capítulo eu apresento a iniciativa ATLANTIC que permite livre acesso a dados de biodiversidade. No segundo capítulo eu busco compreender a extensão espacial da Mata Atlântica e levantar a discussão sobre áreas para delimitação de estudos ecológicos, um aspecto essencial para se investigar patogeografia. No terceiro capítulo busco entender os fatores que melhor explicam a variação na proporção de roedores de espécies potencialmente reservatório de tipos letais de hantavírus encontrados na Mata Atlântica. Neste capítulo também exploro a ideia de hotspots de vulnerabilidade à doença em humanos. No quarto capítulo, investiguei as consequências da alteração da paisagem na incidência de hantavirose no Brasil, gerando mapas de risco a partir de ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Hantaviruses cause diseases with high lethality and have been the target of several research proposals. With the advancement of technology, science, and Open movements, working with massive data is much more possible today than it was 20 years ago. There is a demand for studies that can summarize, make available and evaluate the role of biodiversity in processes of diffusion of zoonotic diseases. In this thesis, which began as an understanding of the extent and distribution of Atlantic Forest biodiversity, I aimed to understand the dynamics and eco-epidemiology of hantavirus. The dynamics of hantavirus infection may depend on several interacting factors such as climate and landscape, as well as the distribution of host rodent populations. In the first chapter I introduce the ATLANTIC initiative that allows free access to biodiversity data, which I have participated in intensely. In the second chapter I seek to understand the spatial extent of the Atlantic Forest and to raise the discussion about delimiting areas of ecological studies, an essential aspect to investigate pathogeography. In the third chapter I seek to understand the drivers that best explain the variation in the proportion of rodents of potentially reservoir species of lethal types of hantavirus found in the Atlantic Forest. In this chapter I also explore the idea of disease vulnerability hotspots in humans. In the fourth and final chapter, I investigated the consequences of landscape change on the incidence of ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Context: Maritime Surveillance (MS) has received increased attention from a civilian perspective in recent years. Anomaly detection (AD) is one of the many techniques available for improving the safety and security in the MS domain. Maritime authorities utilize various confidential data sources for monitoring the maritime activities; however, a paradigm shift on the Internet has created new sources of data for MS. These newly identified data sources, which provide publicly accessible data, are the open data sources. Taking advantage of the open data sources in addition to the traditional sources of data in the AD process will increase the accuracy of the MS systems. Objectives: The goal is to investigate the potential open data as a complementary resource for AD in the MS domain. To achieve this goal, the first step is to identify the applicable open data sources for AD. Then, a framework for AD based on the integration of open and closed data sources is proposed. Finally, according to the proposed framework, an AD system with the ability of using open data sources is developed and the accuracy of the system and the validity of its results are evaluated. Methods: In order to measure the system accuracy, an experiment is performed by means of a two stage random sampling on the vessel traffic data and the number of true/false positive and negative alarms in the system is verified. To evaluate the validity of the system results, the system is used for a period of time by the subject matter experts from the Swedish Coastguard. The experts check the detected anomalies against the available data at the Coastguard in order to obtain the number of true and false alarms. Results: The experimental outcomes indicate that the accuracy of the system is 99%. In addition, the Coastguard validation results show that among the evaluated anomalies, 64.47% are true alarms, 26.32% are false and 9.21% belong to the vessels that remain unchecked due to the lack of corresponding data in the Coastguard data sources. Conclusions: This thesis concludes that using open data as a complementary resource for detecting anomalous behavior in the MS domain is not only feasible but also will improve the efficiency of the surveillance systems by increasing the accuracy and covering some unseen aspects of maritime activities. / This thesis investigated the potential open data as a complementary resource for Anomaly Detection (AD) in the Maritime Surveillance (MS) domain. A framework for AD was proposed based on the usage of open data sources along with other traditional sources of data. According to the proposed AD framework and the algorithms for implementing the expert rules, the Open Data Anomaly Detection System (ODADS) was developed. To evaluate the accuracy of the system, an experiment on the vessel traffic data was conducted and an accuracy of 99% was obtained for the system. There was a false negative case in the system results that decreased the accuracy. It was due to incorrect AIS data in a special situation that was not possible to be handled by the detection rules in the scope of this thesis. The validity of the results was investigated by the subject matter experts from the Swedish Coastguard. The validation results showed that the majority of the ODADS evaluated anomalies were true alarms. Moreover, a potential information gap in the closed data sources was observed during the validation process. Despite the high number of true alarms, the number of false alarms was also considerable that was mainly because of the inaccurate open data. This thesis provided insights into the open data as a complement to the common data sources in the MS domain and is concluded that using open data will improve the efficiency of the surveillance systems by increasing the accuracy and covering some unseen aspects of maritime activities.

Öppen länkad data används i kulturarvssektorn för att strukturera och publicera data och metadata på nätet. Tekniken används för att förbättra interoperabilitet mellan separata system och för att möjliggöra nya typer av utforskande och upptäckande av kulturarv. Öppen länkad data kan implementeras på olika sätt och tidigare forskning visar att den mängd beslut som måste fattas ses som ett hinder för spridningen av tekniken. En brist på kunskap och expertis i sektorn har även identifierats genom tidigare studier. Denna studie har för avsikt att underlätta användandet av öppen länkad data i kulturarvssektorn genom att undersöka hur implementeringar framställs i dokumentation. Detta fokus kan sammanfattas genom följande forskningsfråga: Vilka aspekter av implementeringar av öppen länkad data i kulturarvssektorn förekommer i dokument?  Studien använder en kvalitativ dokumentanalys genom vilken innehållet i relevanta dokument har kodats genom en induktiv metod. Det material som analyserats är dokument som är producerade i samband med fyra svenska kulturarvsprojekt som använder öppen länkad data. Genom analysen har 17 aspekter identifierats. Dessa aspekter är indelade i följande sju kategorier: Bakgrund, Data, Databehandlingsprocesser, Externa källor, Kulturarv, Publicerad data, och Resultat. Aspekterna och kategorierna har sammanställts i en konceptuell modell som visar hur implementeringar av öppen länkad data framställs i dokument. En analys av relationer mellan förekomsterna av aspekterna visar att modellering av data, databehandlingsprocesser, och typ av kulturarv framställs som de mest centrala aspekterna av implementeringar av öppen länkad data. Det faktum att databehandlingsprocesser inte kunde nyanseras ytterligare visar hur flexibel tekniken är och hur många beslut som måste fattas av de institutioner som implementerar öppen länkad data. Detta resultat stämmer överens med tidigare forskning. / Linked open data is used in the cultural heritage sector to structure and publish data and metadata on the Web. The technology is used to improve interoperability between separate systems and to enable new forms of exploration and discovery of cultural heritage. Linked open data can be implemented in various ways, and research shows that the number of decisions that have to be made is seen as an obstacle in the diffusion of the technology. A lack of knowledge and expertise in the sector has also been identified through previous studies. The purpose of this study is to simplify the usage of linked open data in the cultural heritage sector by examining how implementations are expressed in documents. This focus can be summarized by the following research question: Which aspects of cultural heritage linked open data implementations are expressed in documents?  This study employed a qualitative document analysis through which the content of relevant documents were coded through an inductive method. The analyzed material consisted of documents produced in relation to four Swedish cultural heritage projects which utilize linked open data. 17 aspects were identified through this analysis. These aspects were grouped into the following seven categories: Background, Cultural heritage, Data, Data processing methods, External sources, Outcomes, and Published data. The aspects and the categories were compiled in a conceptual model which displays how implementations of linked open data are expressed in documents. An analysis of the relations between the occurrences of the aspects showed that data modelling, data processing methods, and type of cultural heritage are perceived as the most central aspects of implementations of linked open data. The fact that data processing methods could not be split into multiple aspects shows how flexible the technology is. It also illustrates the many decisions that implementing institutions have to make. These results match results from previous studies.

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Präsentationsfolien eines Vortrags im Rahmen der Jahrestagung der IAML Deutschland 19.09.2018 in Augsburg.

La personnalisation de l’apprentissage dans les environnements informatiques pour l’apprentissage humain (EIAH) est un sujet de recherche qui est traité depuis de nombreuses années. Avec l’arrivée des cours en ligne ouverts et massifs (MOOC), la question de la personnalisation se pose de façon encore plus cruciale et de nouveaux défis se présentent aux chercheurs. En effet, le même MOOC peut être suivi par des milliers d’apprenants ayant des profils hétérogènes (connaissances, niveaux éducatif, objectifs, etc). Il devient donc nécessaire de tenir compte de cette hétérogénéité en présentant aux apprenants des contenus éducatifs adaptés à leurs profils afin qu’ils tirent parti au mieux du MOOC.D’un autre côté, de plus en plus de ressources éducatives libres (REL) sont partagées sur le web. Il est important de pouvoir réutiliser ces REL dans un contexte différent de celui pour lequel elles ont été créées. En effet, produire des REL de qualité est une activité coûteuse en temps et la rentabilisation des REL passe par leur réutilisation.Pour faciliter la découverte des REL, des schémas de métadonnées sont utilisés pour décrire les REL.Cependant, l’utilisation de ces schémas a amené à des entrepôts isolés de descriptions hétérogènes et qui ne sont pas interopérables. Afin de régler ce problème, une solution adoptée dans la littérature consiste à appliquer les principes des données ouvertes et liées (LOD) aux descriptions des REL.Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons à la personnalisation des MOOC et à la réutilisation des REL.Nous proposons un système de recommandation qui fournit à un apprenant en train de suivre un MOOC des ressources externes qui sont des REL adaptées à son profil, tout en respectant les spécificités du MOOC suivi.Pour sélectionner les REL, nous nous intéressons à celles qui possèdent des descriptions insérées dans les LOD, stockées dans des entrepôts accessibles sur le web et offrant des moyens d’accès standardisés. Notre système de recommandation est implémenté dans une plateforme de MOOC, Open edX et il est évalué en utilisant une plateforme de micro-tâches. / For many years now, personalization in TEL is a major subject of intensive research. With the spreading of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC), the personalization issue becomes more acute. Actually, any MOOC can be followed by thousands of learners with different educational levels, learning styles, preferences, etc. So, it is necessary to present pedagogical contents taking into account their heterogeneous profiles so that they can maximize their benefit from following the MOOC.At the same time, the amount of Open Educational Resources (OER) available on the web is permanently growing. These OERs have to be reused in contexts different from the initial ones for which they were created.Indeed, producing quality OER is costly and requires a lot of time. Then, different metadata schemas are used to describe OER. However, the use of these schemas has led to isolated repositories of heterogeneous descriptions which are not interoperable. In order to address this problem, a solution adopted in the literature is to apply Linked Open Principles (LOD) to OER descriptions.In this thesis, we are interested in MOOC personalization and OER reuse. We design a recommendation technique which computes a set of OERs adapted to the profile of a learner attending some MOOC. The recommended OER are also adapted to the MOOC specificities. In order to find OER, we are interested in those who have metadata respecting LOD principles and stored in repositories available on the web and offering standardized means of access. Our recommender system is implemented in the MOOC platform Open edX and assessed using a micro jobs platform.

Using 3D methods in the archaeological field makes way for a number of new possibilities. However, how these methods affect the interpretation of the past is a rather unexplored subject and this thesis investigates the matter by viewing 3D usage within both fieldwork and analytic circumstances. It explains how the utilization of 3D works to minimize bias data collection, and also how open access in relation to digital 3D data creates more possibilities for the interpretation of archaeological data.

Ein Gespräch mit Dr. Matthias Brunner, Gründer und Geschäftsführer des Start-ups tsenso und Leiter des mFUND-Projekts ROSY – Nutzung dynamischer Open-Data zur Ermitt-lung der Verkehrsstro me und Auslästungen im Sträßennetz in Echtzeit.

ÖPNV, Digitalisierung und Open Data sind wichtige Zukunftsthemen. In diesem Bereich werden besonders hohe Effizienzgewinne durch verbundübergreifende Kooperation, eine Erhöhung der Benutzerfreundlichkeit und Verbesserung des diskriminierungsfreien Zugangs zu Daten für innovative Entwicklungen erwartet. Daten von Kommunen und kommunalen Verkehrsunternehmen haben dabei herausragende Bedeutung für Innovationen im Bereich der Mobilität. Die vorliegende Studie will die Chancen dieses Potenzials unter Berücksichtigung der existierenden Regelungen sowie der nationalen und europäischen Planungen erläutern, die existierenden Barrieren für die weitere Entwicklung aufzeigen und Handlungsoptionen für Behörden darlegen, um diese Barrieren zu überwinden. Der Schwerpunkt der Studie liegt im kommunalen Bereich. Auf kommunaler Ebene werden umfangreiche Daten in verschiedensten Bereichen generiert, darunter auch Daten mit hoher Relevanz für Mobilität und Verkehr. Diese Daten weisen ein hohes Potenzial für die Entwicklung innovativer Dienste auf, von denen nicht nur Endverbraucher, sondern auch Kommunen stark profitieren können. Open Data ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung dafür, dass sich das Potenzial der Daten von Kommunen im Bereich Mobilität voll entfalten kann.

Am 22. April 2020 veranstaltete die mFUNDBegleitforschung des WIK den zweiten mFUND-Fachaustausch „Barrierefrei mobil“. 28 Expert*innen, darunter Vertreter*innen aus 14 mFUND-Projekten, die durch die Förderinitiative mFUND des Bundesministeriums für Verkehr und digitale Infrastruktur (BMVI) gefördert werden, nahmen an dem Fachaustausch teil. Aufgrund der Corona-Krise wurde die Veranstaltung als Online- Konferenz durchgeführt.