Global ETD Search

1	A second-order cybernetic explanation for the existence of network direct selling organisations as self-creating systems Davis, Corne 18 August 2011 (has links) Network Direct Selling Organisations (NDSOs) exist in more than 50 countries and have more than 74 million members. The most recent statistical information reveals that the vast majority of members do not earn significant income. Criticism of these organisations revolves around the ethicality of consumption, the commercialisation of personal relationships, and the exploitation of unrealistic expectations. This study aims to explore how communication creates networks that sustain an industry of this kind despite the improbability of its existence. The study commences with a description of NDSOs from historical, operational, tactical, and strategic perspectives. Given the broader context created by the global presence of this industry, cybernetics has been selected as a meta-theoretical perspective for the study of communication. The more recent development of second-order cybernetics and social autopoiesis are introduced to communication theory as a field. Niklas Luhmann‟s new social theory of communication is assessed and applied in relation to existing communication theory. New conceptual models are developed to explore communication as the unity of the synthesis of information, utterance, understanding, and expectations as selections that occur both consciously and unconsciously, intentionally and unintentionally. These models indicate the multiplexity of individual and social operationally closed, yet informationally open systems, and they are used here to provide a systemic and coherent alternative to orthodox communication approaches to the study of organisations. The study adopts a constructivist epistemological stance and propounds throughout the necessity of further interdisciplinary collaboration. The study concludes that individuals are composite unities of self-creating systems, and they co-create social systems by self-creating and co-creating meaning. Meaning is described as the continuous virtualisation and actualisation of potentialities that in turn coordinate individual and social systems‟ actions. A communication process flow model is created to provide a theoretical explanation for the existence of NDSOs as self-creating systems. The study aims to show that communication has arguably become the most pervasive discipline as a result of the globally interactive era. It is shown that second-order cybernetics and social autopoiesis raise several further questions to be explored within communication theory as a field. / Communication, first-order cybernetics, second-order cybernetics, Complexity and complex systems, autopoiesis, self-reference, recursivity, operational closure, system boundaries, Network Direct Selling Organisations / Communication / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication) First-order cybernetics Complexity and complex systems Autopoiesis System boundaries Operational closure Communication Second-order cybernetics Self-reference Recursivity System boundaries Network Direct Selling Organisations 658.872 Direct selling Direct marketing Cybernetics Self-organizing systems
2	A second-order cybernetic explanation for the existence of network direct selling organisations as self-creating systems Davis, Corne 18 August 2011 (has links) Network Direct Selling Organisations (NDSOs) exist in more than 50 countries and have more than 74 million members. The most recent statistical information reveals that the vast majority of members do not earn significant income. Criticism of these organisations revolves around the ethicality of consumption, the commercialisation of personal relationships, and the exploitation of unrealistic expectations. This study aims to explore how communication creates networks that sustain an industry of this kind despite the improbability of its existence. The study commences with a description of NDSOs from historical, operational, tactical, and strategic perspectives. Given the broader context created by the global presence of this industry, cybernetics has been selected as a meta-theoretical perspective for the study of communication. The more recent development of second-order cybernetics and social autopoiesis are introduced to communication theory as a field. Niklas Luhmann‟s new social theory of communication is assessed and applied in relation to existing communication theory. New conceptual models are developed to explore communication as the unity of the synthesis of information, utterance, understanding, and expectations as selections that occur both consciously and unconsciously, intentionally and unintentionally. These models indicate the multiplexity of individual and social operationally closed, yet informationally open systems, and they are used here to provide a systemic and coherent alternative to orthodox communication approaches to the study of organisations. The study adopts a constructivist epistemological stance and propounds throughout the necessity of further interdisciplinary collaboration. The study concludes that individuals are composite unities of self-creating systems, and they co-create social systems by self-creating and co-creating meaning. Meaning is described as the continuous virtualisation and actualisation of potentialities that in turn coordinate individual and social systems‟ actions. A communication process flow model is created to provide a theoretical explanation for the existence of NDSOs as self-creating systems. The study aims to show that communication has arguably become the most pervasive discipline as a result of the globally interactive era. It is shown that second-order cybernetics and social autopoiesis raise several further questions to be explored within communication theory as a field. / Communication, first-order cybernetics, second-order cybernetics, Complexity and complex systems, autopoiesis, self-reference, recursivity, operational closure, system boundaries, Network Direct Selling Organisations / Communication / D. Litt. et Phil. (Communication) First-order cybernetics Complexity and complex systems Autopoiesis System boundaries Operational closure Communication Second-order cybernetics Self-reference Recursivity System boundaries Network Direct Selling Organisations 658.872 Direct selling Direct marketing Cybernetics Self-organizing systems
3	Sciences du vivant et psychothérapie analytique: formulation d'un modèle autopoïétique de l'activité psychothérapeutique Chicoine Brathwaite, Yannick 03 1900 (has links) La théorie des systèmes autopoïétiques, lancée par les biologistes Humberto Maturana et Francisco J. Varela, permet de décrire scientifiquement les principes organisationnels communs à tous les êtres vivants. Les principes autopoïétiques s’appliquent aussi, à l’état formel, à la vie psychique et à la vie sociale, comme le sociologue Niklas Luhmann a pu le montrer. Puisque la psychanalyse et la psychothérapie analytique se situent au carrefour du psychique et du relationnel, nous cherchons à expliciter les principes autopoïétiques qui sous-tendent leur théorie et leur pratique. En ce sens, la thèse est une comparaison critique des aspects essentiels de la psychothérapie analytique avec les principes généraux du vivant. Le travail se divise en trois chapitres, présentés sous forme d’articles scientifiques théoriques. Dans le premier chapitre, nous montrons comment le cadre et le processus analytique entretiennent une relation symbiotique, à la manière de la relation qu’entretient la membrane cellulaire avec les organites qu’elle contient. Ce faisant, nous mettons en évidence la clôture opérationnelle du cadre-processus analytique et nous argumentons que cela en fait un système social autopoïétique à part entière. Nous soulignons ensuite comment cette conceptualisation redéfinit la tâche éthique et pratique du clinicien, qui doit veiller à limiter les risques que l’environnement psychothérapeutique fait courir à l’autonomie du cadre-processus analytique. Nous poursuivons dans le second chapitre l’exploration des conséquences de notre proposition, à savoir que le clinicien et le patient puissent être amenés à nuire ou à résister au cadre-processus ; et que le cadre-processus, comme système autonome, puisse être lui-aussi amené à résister à ses participants. Il s’ensuit un besoin de comprendre les rapports de résistance entre ces systèmes, nous amenant à nous appuyer fermement sur le concept de couplage structurel issu de la théorie des systèmes autopoïétiques. Ce point de vue relance la réflexion sur le rôle de la subjectivité et de l’intersubjectivité en thérapie analytique et nous amène à privilégier une attitude clinique valorisant l’interaction autonome de tous les systèmes impliqués. Le troisième chapitre s’attaque de front à la question du transfert et du contre-transfert qui se profilait déjà à travers les chapitres précédents. En insistant sur le caractère radicalement inconscient du (contre)transfert, nous en proposons une redéfinition comme une forme particulière de couplage structurel entre les participants de la psychothérapie. En nous appuyant sur cette conceptualisation nouvelle, nous approfondissons la notion de communication analytique afin d’en montrer le potentiel thérapeutique. La recherche se termine par une contextualisation de ses principales conclusions dans le domaine plus large des soins de santé mentale. Enfin, nous soulignons non seulement les avantages et les limites de la thèse, mais également ses potentialités futures, comme l’ouverture vers une théorie générale de la psychothérapie. / The theory of autopoietic systems, pioneered by biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco J. Varela, makes it possible to scientifically describe the organizing principles common to all living beings. Autopoietic principles also formally extend to psychic and social life, as argued the sociologist Niklas Luhmann. Since psychoanalysis and analytic psychotherapy are grounded in both the psychic and the relational domain, we aim to explicit the autopoietic principles underlying their theory and practice. In this respect, the thesis compares the essential aspects of analytic psychotherapy with the general principles of living systems. The work is divided into three chapters, presented as theoretical scientific articles. The first chapter shows how the analytic setting and analytic process maintain a symbiotic relationship, much like the relationship between the cell membrane and the organelles it contains. We thus describe the operational closure of the setting-process and argue that this makes it a full-fledged autopoietic social system. We then draw attention to how this conceptualization redefines the ethical and practical task of the clinician, who must limit the risk of environmental pressures disrupting the autonomy of the analytic setting-process. In the second chapter, we continue to explore the consequences of our proposal, arguing that the clinician and the patient may resist the setting-process of analytic psychotherapy; and that the setting-process, as an autonomous system, can also resist its participants. There follows a need to understand the resistances between these systems, leading us to rely on the concept of structural coupling derived from the theory of autopoietic systems. This original point of view fuels reflection on the role of subjectivity and intersubjectivity in analytical therapy and leads us to favor a clinical position that values the autonomous interaction of all the systems involved. The third chapter tackles head-on the problem of transference and countertransference that has already been looming over the previous chapters. By insisting on the radically unconscious character of (counter) transference, we suggest redefining it as a particular form of structural coupling between the participants of psychotherapy. From this new conceptualization, we deepen the notion of analytic communication and highlight its therapeutic potential. The research ends with a contextualization of its main findings in the broader field of mental health care. Finally, we underline not only the advantages and the limits of the thesis, but also future possibilities such as moving towards a general theory of psychotherapy. Psychothérapie analytique Psychanalyse Système autopoïétique Clôture opérationnelle Couplage structurel Communication analytique Cadre analytique Processus analytique Transfert Méthode analytique Analytical psychotherapy Psychoanalysis Autopoietic system Structural coupling Operational closure Analytic communication Analytic setting Analytic process Transference Analytic method
4	Action in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: an Enactive Psycho-phenomenological and Semiotic Analysis of Thirty New Zealand Women's Experiences of Suffering and Recovery Hart, M J Alexandra January 2010 (has links) This research into Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS) presents the results of 60 first-person psycho-phenomenological interviews with 30 New Zealand women. The participants were recruited from the Canterbury and Wellington regions, 10 had recovered. Taking a non-dual, non-reductive embodied approach, the phenomenological data was analysed semiotically, using a graph-theoretical cluster analysis to elucidate the large number of resulting categories, and interpreted through the enactive approach to cognitive science. The initial result of the analysis is a comprehensive exploration of the experience of CFS which develops subject-specific categories of experience and explores the relation of the illness to universal categories of experience, including self, ‘energy’, action, and being-able-to-do. Transformations of the self surrounding being-able-to-do and not-being-able-to-do were shown to elucidate the illness process. It is proposed that the concept ‘energy’ in the participants’ discourse is equivalent to the Mahayana Buddhist concept of ‘contact’. This characterises CFS as a breakdown of contact. Narrative content from the recovered interviewees reflects a reestablishment of contact. The hypothesis that CFS is a disorder of action is investigated in detail. A general model for the phenomenology and functional architecture of action is proposed. This model is a recursive loop involving felt meaning, contact, action, and perception and appears to be phenomenologically supported. It is proposed that the CFS illness process is a dynamical decompensation of the subject’s action loop caused by a breakdown in the process of contact. On this basis, a new interpretation of neurological findings in relation to CFS becomes possible. A neurological phenomenon that correlates with the illness and involves a brain region that has a similar structure to the action model’s recursive loop is identified in previous research results and compared with the action model and the results of this research. This correspondence may identify the brain regions involved in the illness process, which may provide an objective diagnostic test for the condition and approaches to treatment. The implications of this model for cognitive science and CFS should be investigated through neurophenomenological research since the model stands to shed considerable light on the nature of consciousness, contact and agency. Phenomenologically based treatments are proposed, along with suggestions for future research on CFS. The research may clarify the diagnostic criteria for CFS and guide management and treatment programmes, particularly multidimensional and interdisciplinary approaches. Category theory is proposed as a foundation for a mathematisation of phenomenology. action Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Myalgic Encephalomyelitis Chronic Immune Deficiency Syndrome enaction social enaction social enactivism enactive psycho-phenomenological psychophenomenological vipassana groundlessness mind-body korper leib co-generative Focusing co-creative environment Antonio Damasio reciprocal constraints Pierre Vermersch Claire Petitmengin Antione Lutz narrative discourse phenomenal invariants Evan Thompson Merleau-Ponty Algirdis Julien Greimas Husserl first-person Fransisco Varela modelling invariants Natalie Depraz isotope John Boyd OODA loop Jonathan Shear Shaun Gallagher Arthur Kleinman Humberto Maturana second-person Alva Noe Dan Zahavi stages Embodied Mind Canterbury Wellington New Zealand non-dual non-reductive embodied phenomenological third-person graph-theoretical cluster analysis cognitive science experience solution subject-specific categories universal categories universal categories self energy illness process intersubjectivity Mahayana Buddhism contact narrative recovered making sense recursive loop perception dynamical decompensation neurology diagnosis empathy treatment management neurophenomenological neurophenomenology consciousness veracity agency multidimensional interdisciplinary category theory enculturation mathematisation of phenomenology interview nomenclature diagnostic criteria incidence prevalence coping strategy etiology epidemiology psychosomatic medicine meaning women girl female anthropology sociology cognitive behavioral therapy exercise therapy recovery mindful awareness suffering symbolisation Prasangika no-self aggregates wheel of karma cognition basic element analysis mental factors operational closure stereotypes enactive ontologically fragile self grief process-knowledge epoche phenomenal invariants textual invariants compound meaning saturation formalisation cluster analysis inter-session review inter-individual validation explicitation interview intricacy confidence psychophenomenology self-esteem sanction self dis-integration permanence continuity ego-self emotion surrender semiotic square meditation empathy semiotic compassion existential feelings goal obstruction movement transformation change somatic Giovanna Colombetti agoraphobia panic anxiety psychotherapy sleep rest pain weakness strength stamina Diego Cosmelli heaviness food chemicals allergy recovering despair frustration helplessness fear efference valence afference as-if-body-loop consciousness representation attention recovery intention sustainable sustainability neurasthenia existential feelings asthenia hysteria mononucleosis samatha-vispasnya prajna vijnana Eugene Gendlin Abhidharma dukkha shamatha interdependence vipashyana

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