Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

The aim of this study was to, from a special educational approach, describe and analyse nine teachers and headmasters experiences and perceptions of the use of laptos, ”1-1”, as a tool for working with 13-16 year old pupils born outside of Sweden and with special educational needs (SEN). Interviews were used for data collection. The interview material was analysed with the phenomenografic analysis method and with meaning condensation method. The result was analysed through three perspectives on special education and the concept of inclusion as the study’s frame of reference. The major result showed that teachers perceived 1-1 facilitated adaption of instruction to multicultural instruction groups. 1-1 also enabled a more individualised and inclusive instruction when pupils could get indvidualised tasks and study material and a lot of technical support in their computers. Cooperation with schoolmates and with families was not facilitated with 1-1, rather were many difficulties exposed in this area.

Esta tesis se compone de dos partes separadas y sin relación entre ellas. El primer capítulo, coautorado con el Profesor Greg Barron, es un experimento en toma de decisiones individuales. Este capítulo se construye a partir de una literatura creciente, que enfatiza el siguiente punto: cuando aprendemos las probabilidades y los resultados de una lotería a través de la experiencia en vez de la descripción visual del problema -un prospecto- entonces tomamos decisiones como si estuviéramos devaluando eventos poco probables. Esto contrasta con el fenómeno bien conocido de que las probabilidades pequeñas suelen sobrevaluarse cuando se toman decisiones a partir de prospectos. Nuestro trabajo contribuye a la literatura dando fuerza al punto mencionado frente a algunas críticas. En particular, nosotros encontramos que la devaluación sobrevive la eliminación de un problema de muestreo que afectaba trabajos anteriores y está correcto en el nuestro. Encontramos tambi´en que hay devaluación de probabilidades pequeñas vii en toma de decisiones al mismo tiempo que sobrevaluación en juicio sobre las mismas probabilidades. Este útimo resultado no puede ser explicado. El segundo capítulo introduce una nueva teoría de integración vertical a partir del hecho de que aumentar el poder contractual de una empresa es citado muy a menudo como una razón para integrarse verticalmente con los proveedores. En mi modelo las empresas se integran para ganar poder contractual hacia proveedores no integrados en la cadena productiva. El coste de la integración es una pérdida de flexibilidad a la hora de escoger los proveedores más apropiados para un particular producto final. Muestro como las empresas que tienen inversiones más específicas en el proceso productivo tienen un ayor incentivo a integrarse. La teoría presentada permite explicar numerosos hechos estilizados como el efecto del desarrollo financiero sobre la estructura vertical de las empresas, la evolución que se observa de inversión extranjera directa a outsourcing en el comercio internacional, la conexi´on entre ciclo de vida del producto y la estructura vertical, etc. / This thesis is composed of two separate, unrelated chapters. Chapter I, coauthored with Greg Barron, is an experiment in individual decision making. It builds on a small and growing literature which makes the following point: whenever we learn the odds and outcomes of a binary choice problem through experience rather than from a visual description -a prospect- then we take decisions as if we were underweighting rare events. This is in contrast to the well known phenomenon of overweighting rare events in prospect based decisions. Our work contributes to the literature by strengthening this finding in the face of earlier criticism. In particular we find that the underweighting is robust to the elimination of sampling bias which affected previous studies and is absent from ours. We also find that underweighting in choice happens at the same time as overweighting in probability judgment. This remains unexplained. Chapter II introduces a new theory of vertical integration building on the fact that improving a company's bargaining position is often cited as a chief motivation to vertically integrate with suppliers. In my model firms integrate to gain bargaining power against other suppliers in the production process. The cost of integration is a loss of flexibility in choosing the most suitable suppliers for a particular final product. I show that the firms who make the most specific investments in the production process have the greatest incentive to integrate. The theory provides novel insights to the understanding of numerous stylized facts such as the effect of financial development on the vertical structure of firms, the observed pattern from FDI to outsourcing in international trade, the connection between product cycle and vertical structure, etc.

This work was presented under the Program of Post Graduate in Production Engineering, research line "Quantitative Methods", dealing with the configuration and deployment of an Educational Unit outside the main campus of Federal University of Santa Maria, UFSM from 2006 to 2010. The research required a qualitative research, case study with descriptive and interpretive bias, organized from four different sources: bibliographic study; text documents, image and sound; interviews; allowing the argumentative construction and reliable mapping of the studied reality. The aim of this study is to analyze the CESNORS deployment experience in search of regional innovation indicators that stand in CESNORS creation process as an educational unit outside the main campus of UFSM and planned and implemented in the period of expansion of Brazilian higher education (after 2006). Developed conceptual axes were: a) higher education in Brazil; b) expansion of public federal universities as state policy; c) University Management Models for Innovation and d) Regional Socio-Economic Indicators. With these conceptual axes, the study proposes The analysis of state policy formation which led to the expansion of higher education in Brazil occurred from the first decade of this century, showing the relationship between a need to increase the supply of places in institutions Higher Education and government actions that gave the necessary response to the question. Deriving from this Policy, Higher Education Expansion took place already from 2003, and the case studied started with an agreement signed between UFSM and the Ministry of Education and Culture in late 2005. This work deals with the creation Centre for Higher Education in the North of Rio Grande do Sul (CESNORS) during the period of 2006 to 2010, in order to follow up the effectiveness of planning. The CESNORS was created in two cities 280 km far from the main campus, that are, Frederico Westphalen and Palmeira das Missões. The approach results in an analysis of socio-economic data of cities evolved, in order to create categories for further development, since the time window proposed for this work is short, focus on the initial period of the unit where the CESNORS did not yet developed its potential social impact. The contribution proposed here is an exploration of possible socio-economic improvements in the region covered by the project. / A presente dissertação de Mestrado, vinculada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção, linha de pesquisa Métodos Quantitativos , tem como temática a configuração e implantação de uma Unidade Educacional Universitária fora de sede, na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, UFSM, no período antecedente à expansão e interiorização das Universidades Públicas Federais Brasileiras. A investigação requereu uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso, com viés descritivo-interpretativo, organizado a partir de quatro fontes distintas: estudo bibliográfico; documentos em texto, imagem e som; depoimentos individuais; permitindo a construção argumentativa e o mapeamento fidedigno da realidade estudada. O objetivo geral deste estudo busca analisar a experiência de implantação do CESNORS em busca de indicadores de inovação regional que se destaquem no processo de criação do CESNORS como unidade educacional fora de sede planejada e implantada no período de expansão e interiorização da educação superior brasileira. Os eixos conceituais desenvolvidos foram: a) a Educação Superior no Brasil; b) expansão e interiorização das Universidades Públicas Federais como Política de Estado; c) Modelos de Gestão Universitária para Inovação e d) Indicadores Socioeconômicos Regionais. Com estes eixos conceituais, o estudo propõe a análise da formação da Política de Estado que deu origem à expansão do Ensino Superior no Brasil ocorrida a partir da primeira década do século presente, demonstrando a relação existente entre uma necessidade de aumento da oferta de vagas nas Instituições de Ensino Superior e as ações governamentais que deram a resposta necessária à questão. Decorrente desta Política, a Expansão do Ensino Superior deu-se já a partir de 2003, sendo que o caso ora estudado foi conveniado com o Ministério de Educação e Cultura em fins de 2005. Assim, o estudo propõe uma explanação do formato de implantação utilizado pela Universidade Federal de Santa Maria para o caso do Centro de Educação Superior Norte do Rio Grande do Sul (CESNORS) e sua aplicabilidade durante o período correspondente ao Projeto de Implantação - 2006 a 2010 - de forma a fazer o acompanhamento da eficácia do planejamento. Demonstra-se o cenário interno da UFSM à época, ambiente no qual foi formatado e implantado o CESNORS, atendendo os Municípios de Frederico Westphalen e Palmeira das Missões, ambos localizados num raio de 280 km da Sede. A abordagem, como efetuada, resulta em uma análise de alguns dados socioeconômicos dos Municípios em questão, de forma a buscar categorias de análise para futuro aprofundamento, uma vez que o recorte temporal proposto para esta dissertação, sendo curto e referente à implantação, momento em que o Centro ainda não dispunha da totalidade de seu potencial de impacto social, não permite conclusões definitivas. A contribuição aqui proposta trata de uma prospecção de possíveis melhoras socioeconômicas na região de abrangência do projeto, que permita seu acompanhamento posterior de maneira a criar os fios condutores de teses destinadas a sedimentar e justificar cientificamente os resultados assim obtidos.

Abstract This thesis focuses on an analysis of a publicly available monograph, which was chosen deliberately. It deals with an autobiographical story of a girl who grew up in institutional care since the age of four. The work is conceived as a systematically organized set of information. It consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part discusses issues concerning the child's personality, development and basic needs, including family influence on the child. It also describes the system of alternative educational care for children with emphasis on the psychosocial aspects, concerning a child living outside its own family. The empirical part presents the research itself. The aim of the thesis is to find out more about the girl´s personal experience and the way the child perceived the education outside its own family. The main research question reads: How has the institutional education affected the life of the child? This relatively broad research question was further divided into several specific questions: 1. What impact has the child's relationship with its parents had on the life of the child growing up outside its family? 2. What influence has the child's relationship with its siblings had on the life of the child growing up outside its family? 3. What effect has the child's relationship with the educators and to the children's home in which the kid lived had on the life of the child growing up outside its family? The research was conducted as a qualitative investigation on the principle of grounded theory using analysis of the monograph in the form of data collection technique. For our individual case we utilized the method of intensive study with emphasis on a categorized overview, including basic characteristics of the individual's personality, its development, significant experience and attitudes, as well as the individual´s relationships with parents, siblings and wider social environment. The detection of the personal experience and of the opinion of the child on its education outside its own family was carried out by means of qualitative research using grounded theory technique. The data was transferred into the hermeneutic matrix program ATLAS.ti and evaluated using a three-stage coding. The methodological analysis procedure was based on inductive procedures according to the grounded theory technique. In the first step, the data was reduced to the information related to the research. After that, particular codes were created through open coding. These codes were divided into individual categories. In the chapters graphics are used, formed as a part of the coding in the analytical software ATLAS.ti. The results were described, analysed and processed. By research survey, we concluded that the personal view of the child concerning the education outside its own family is positive. This thesis could be beneficial for children's homes and diagnostic institutions. The results of the research could be used to better understand the situation of children in institutional or foster care, by the members of staff and foster parents, as well as by the people who grow up or are brought up outside their own family. This paper could also represent an incentive to perform more extensive research, which would focus on the verification of the generated hypotheses.

Bakgrund: Företagens interna innovationsfunktioner minskas samtidigt som företagen i större utsträckning väljer att tillämpa öppen innovation, gränsöverskridande samarbeten. Massor av forskning visar på att öppen innovation innebär en rad fördelar och möjligheter, men även utmaningar. Få studier belyser dock sambandet mellan komplexa innovationsutvecklingsprocesser och tillämpandet av gränsöverskridande samarbeten. Påverkar antalet komplexa beståndsdelar i innovationsutvecklingsprocesser i vilken konstellation företag väljer att samarbete med externa parter? Författarna ställer sig frågande till detta. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur komplexiteten i innovationsutvecklingsprocesser påverkar i vilken utsträckning företag väljer att samarbeta med externa parter. Studien ska även undersöka i vilken konstellation företag väljer att samarbeta med externa parter baserat på hur komplexa innovationsutvecklingsprocesserna är. Även Incitament för gränsöverskridande samarbete vid utvecklandet av komplexa innovationer kommer att studeras. Genomförande: Kvalitativ data erhölls genom fem samtalsintervjuer med fyra Innovationsledare och en processansvarig för innovationsutveckling avseende komplexa innovationer inom Ikea. Kvantitativ data erhölls genom en enkätundersökning som besvarades av samtliga Innovationsledare samt deras medarbetare (28 respondenter totalt) Resultat: Studien indikerar på att ju mer komplex en innovationsutvecklingsprocess är, desto större är sannolikheten att externa parter får större inblick i fler beståndsdelar avseende utvecklingsprocessen. Graden av komplexitet i utvecklingsprocessen ökar även sannolikheten för att inifrån-ut innovation tillämpas. / Background: The companys internal innovation functions decreases while companies choose to apply open innovation, cross-border cooperation. Lots of research shows that open innovation involves several benefits and opportunities, but also challenges. Few studies, however, illustrates the connection between complex innovation processes and the application of cross-border cooperation. Does the number of complex components in innovation development processes affect in which constellation companies choose to cooperate with external parties? This is something the authors ask themselves. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how the complexity of innovation development processes affects the extent to which companies choose to cooperate with external parties. The study will also investigate what constellation companies choose to collaborate with external parties based on the complexity of innovation development processes. Incentives for cross-border cooperation in the development of complex innovations will also be studied. Implementation: Qualitative data was obtained through five interviews with four Innovation leaders and a process manager for innovation development, regarding complex innovations within Ikea. Quantitative data was obtained through a survey that was answered by all Innovation Leaders and their employees (28 respondents in total). Results: The study indicates that the more complex an innovation development process is, the greater is the likelihood that external parties will gain more insight into more components of the development process. The degree of complexity in the development process also increases the likelihood that inside-out innovation is applied.

A collection of short stories based on Korean folk and fairy tales.

The work deals with free time, history of education during free time, further it describes some of the factors that influence the children´s spending of free time (family, school, other educational institutions outside school), it introduces a church youth organization Dona Bosca and it particulary focuses on free time work in two chosen salesian centres in Germany and in the Czech Republic. The practical part contains the charakteristic and comparison of two chosen facilities: Don Bosco centre Regensburg and Don Bosco centre Plzeň and mainly the activities of their clubs, which work with older youth (Jugendtreffpunkt and Vzduch-loď). They are well led and provide a good quality free time spending possibilities for the youth. Even though the two clubs are different in a certain point of view, for exampe, financial possibilities, space facilies, etc., they compound in the wide supply of activities for youth, which contribute to the prevention of morbid free time spending. The work also captures the future visions of the two clubs.

The Professional Exercise of social workers in various socio-occupational spaces has been the object of multímodos studies, which enables an arsenal of research, productions and publications about the theme. In the area of health is undeniable and notorious the expressiveness of these studies, however, despite intense debates about the Interlocution Social Service with the sanitary reform and action of these professionals in health programs and projects, in relation to the professional exercise of social workers in the treatment program outside the home (PTFD) that is still incipient and shy. In this sense, the research on canvas permeates through research of the practice of professionals in the area of Social Services that operate in the PTFD having as general objective to analyze the demands and responses submitted by social workers in the everyday life of the said program ahead of the contradictions and tensions generated by the project focusing and private access to the universal right to health. Among other objectives, this study intends to characterize the profile of social workers inserted in the PTFD in municipalities of the region of health of Alagoinhas/BA; reflect on the socio-institutional determinants that impact the professional exercise of social workers; mapping the interventivas demands and actions of social workers in enabling access to health at PTFD and; check if the interventivas actions of social workers inserted in the PTFD are in line with the precepts of the laws that govern and regulate the professional exercise. In order to unravel some of the minutiae of daily life, we opted for the method of analysis historical materialism dialectic, configuring exploratory research with qualitative approach, using documentary sources of information, and oral literature, with the use of semi-structured interview techniques and systematic observation. The results obtained by the analysis of this research suggest, grosso modo, that social workers have exercised their work in the spaces of PTFD occupational health in the region of Alagoinhas, focus of the study, in concrete situations of work not conducive to compliance with the ethical conditions and techniques of professional exercise, given the precarious institutional conditions, the fragilities of employment contracts, low wages among other constraints of the dynamics of wage society in the current situation. As the demands of users these have been answered in the immediacy and emergency form presenting itself fragmented and heterogeneous, while the institutional demands have ordered new assignments, which are not always inherent in the prerogatives of professional social workers. Among the professional responses, we observed positions consistent with the laws that normatizam the profession. Also professional responses to identify possible trends reifying breeding practices of conservatism, conformatadas by intense bureaucratization in the light of pragmatism and praticismo, whose routine Social Worker finds no possibilities for critical reflection of the real in its entirety, Staying in a vision of everyday micro appearance of lived, succumbing, in many situations, a perception of the world which refracts the essence of the complexity of social life. / O Exercício Profissional dos assistentes sociais nos variados espaços sócio-ocupacionais tem sido objeto de multímodos estudos, o qual possibilita um arsenal de pesquisas, produções e publicações acerca da temática. Na área da saúde é inegável e notória a expressividade desses estudos, entretanto, apesar dos intensos debates sobre a interlocução do Serviço Social com a reforma sanitária e a atuação destes profissionais em programas e projetos da saúde, no tocante ao exercício profissional de assistentes sociais no Programa de Tratamento Fora do Domicílio (PTFD) esse ainda é incipiente e tímido. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa em tela perpassa pela investigação da prática de profissionais da área de Serviço Social que atuam no PTFD tendo como objetivo geral analisar as demandas e respostas apresentadas pelos assistentes sociais no cotidiano do referido programa frente às contradições e tensões geradas pelo projeto privatista e focalizador do acesso ao direito universal à saúde. Entre outros objetivos, este estudo propõe-se caracterizar o perfil dos assistentes sociais inseridos no PTFD nos municípios da região de saúde de Alagoinhas/BA; refletir sobre os determinantes sócio-institucionais que impactam o exercício profissional dos assistentes sociais; mapear as demandas e ações interventivas dos assistentes sociais na viabilização do acesso a saúde no PTFD e; verificar se as ações interventivas dos assistentes sociais inseridos no PTFD estão em consonância com os preceitos das legislações que orientam e regulamentam o exercício profissional. No intuito de destrinçar algumas minúcias do cotidiano, optamos pelo método de análise materialismo histórico dialético, configurando-se pesquisa de caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa, mediante utilização de fontes de informações documental, oral e bibliográfica, com o uso das técnicas de entrevista semi estruturada e observação sistemática. Os resultados obtidos pelas análises desta investigação apontam, grosso modo, que os assistentes sociais têm exercido seu trabalho nos espaços ocupacionais do PTFD na região de saúde de Alagoinhas, foco do estudo, em situações concretas de trabalho não favoráveis ao cumprimento das condições éticas e técnicas do exercício profissional, dadas as precárias condições institucionais, as fragilidades dos vínculos empregatícios, baixas remunerações entre outros constrangimentos da dinâmica da sociedade salarial na atual conjuntura. Quanto às demandas de usuários essas têm sido respondidas na imediaticidade e de forma emergencial apresentando-se fragmentadas e heterogêneas, enquanto as demandas institucionais têm requisitado novas atribuições, as quais nem sempre são inerentes às prerrogativas profissionais dos assistentes sociais. Entre as respostas profissionais, observamos posicionamentos condizentes com as legislações que normatizam a profissão. Identificamos também respostas profissionais com possíveis tendências a reificar práticas reprodutoras do conservadorismo, conformatadas pela intensa burocratização à luz do pragmatismo e praticismo, cuja rotina o Assistente Social não encontra possibilidades para reflexão crítica do real em sua totalidade, permanecendo numa visão do cotidiano micro da aparência do vivido, sucumbindo, em muitas situações, numa percepção de mundo que refrata a essência da complexidade da vida social. / São Cristóvão, SE

Children today encounter the English language on a wide scale, even outside the school walls. As they are exposed to various forms of English language input, they inevitably pick up a certain level of proficiency, which they can later use on their own. This study aims to more precisely research through which mediums English learners in primary school worldwide tend to encounter English the most, as well as how engaging in English activities outside the classroom might affect their English proficiency. By studying prior research on the subject through content analysis, it was found that, while there are some regional differences in terms of prevalence, children mainly encounter English through television, music, and computer games. It was also found that many children who had never before received any English training still possessed a level of English proficiency. These findings shed light on the importance of input for language acquisition as well as how children’s extramural interests can be of importance in the classroom setting.