Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T18:40:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carmen Eliana da Silva.pdf: 1553615 bytes, checksum: 58ae844f856e021128c30adff6e5bcd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-10-01 / The constant change in the accounting area alongside with the technological evolution have brought about an improvement necessity for methods and techniques, which shall be helpful with the process of inserting students on the job market and also enabling them to have a wider view of the business world by developing the capacity to apply it on their professional lives. In this Scenario the Problem Based Learning PBL method was studied and applied on classes for the subjects Prática contábil informatizada I and II within the Accounting Course of the private college Estácio Europan in Cotia, São Paulo. The PBL was applied for students enrolled in the 4th semester in 2014 and in the 5th semester in 2015.The objective is to test whether this method is well received by students in class, considering that it is student based, differently from the traditional ones. This case was elaborated based on the real needs of a small company, considering a questionnaire developed with Sebrae s information about the reasons for a company to go out of business and the 7 sins of smalls companiesby José Carlos Marion; therefore the students have applied the method considering the identified problems. Further to that they answered a survey regarding the acquired knowledge and the applied method. The results obtained were compared by the means of a Chi-Square (where equal proportions were expected), which allowed to be identified that most of the students have considered the strategy as positive and motivating regarding their learning process and also that they were able to achieve the aimed objective, which means, the acquisition of knowledge upon the subject taught and the theory through the practice experienced by the method. The aforementioned results identify the acceptance of the applied method / Com as mudanças constantes na área Contábil e a evolução tecnológica, surge a necessidade do aperfeiçoamento de métodos e técnicas que possam inserir os estudantes no mercado de trabalho de forma que tenham uma visão abrangente do mundo dos negócios e desenvolvam capacidade para aplicar na vida profissional. Neste cenário, o método Problem Based Learning PBL (aprendizado baseado em problemas) foi estudado e aplicado nas aulas das disciplinas prática contábil informatizada I e II do curso de ciências contábeis, na faculdade privada Estácio Europan, em Cotia, São Paulo, para os alunos do 4º semestre de 2014 e 5º semestre de 2015. Oobjetivo é testar se este método é bem aceito pelos alunos em sala de aula, uma vez que ele é centrado no aluno, diferentemente dos métodos tradicionais. O caso foi elaborado tendo como base necessidades reais de uma empresa de pequeno porte, baseado em questionário desenvolvido com informações do Sebrae sobre causa mortis das empresas e os 7 pecados das pequenas empresas, por José Carlos Marion. Com base nos problemas identificados, os alunos aplicaram o método. Ao final, eles responderam a um questionário referente aos conhecimentos adquiridos e o método aplicado. Os resultados obtidos comparados por meio de um Qui-quadrado (proporções esperadas iguais) permitiu identificar que a maioria dos alunos considerou a estratégia como positiva e motivadorapara a sua aprendizagem e que alcançaram os objetivos almejados, ou seja, o conhecimento mediante os conteúdos ministrados, da teoria com a prática vivenciada pelo método. A referida resposta identifica a aceitação do método aplicado

Background and aims: Despite living with a gluten-free diet (GFD) Swedish women with coeliac disease (CD) report a lower level of well-being than women without the disease and than men with the disease. The aims of this thesis were to describe the life experience of being a woman living with CD (I) and to assess the effects of patient education (PE) with problem based learning (PBL) on psychological well-being (II) and gastrointestinal symptoms (III). Subjects and methods: In total 106 women, > 20 years, with confirmed CD, who had been treated with a GFD for a minimum of five years were randomized (II&III) to one of two groups: either to the intervention group (n=54) that underwent a ten-session educational program, called ‘Coeliac School’, with PBL, or to a control group (n=52) that received information regarding CD, which was sent to their home on a regular basis. Assessments: Well-being (II & III) (the Psychological General Well-Being index and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale) was assessed at baseline and after 10 weeks in all patients and after 6 months in the intervention group. Individual interviews (I) were carried out with purposefully selected women (n=15) before the start of the‘Coeliac School’. Result: The qualitative study showed that CD can influence women’s lives in different ways. A desire for a normalised life-world was described. Three conditions necessary to achieve a normalised life-world were described as: being secure, being in control and being seen and included. After ten weeks of education, participants in the “Coeliac school” reported a significant improvement in psychological well-being (p=0.001) and gastrointestinal symptoms (p=0.013). The controls did not improve significantly. However, at baseline the controls, for reasons which were not apparent, and despite randomization, expressed significantly better psychological well-being and fewer gastrointestinal symptoms than women in the intervention group. Six months after completion of the PE program some of its positive effect had decreased. Conclusions: A PE with PBL can help women with CD to benefit from a greater degree of well-being. It is important to offer PE to those women who fail to achieve a normalised lifeworld. However, intervention methods need to be refined in order to provide a more pronounced long-term effect.

<p>Detta arbete är resultatet av en undersökning på en grundskola och en gymnasieskola som använder ämnesövergripande och tvärvetenskap som metod för undervisningen. Syftet med studien är att jämföra initiativtagares, lärares och elevers åsikter angående arbetssättet och att dessutom jämföra de två skolorna. Rapporten redovisar hur implementering och införande av undervisningen gått till och hur den är organiserad. Vidare redogörs informanternas syn på för och nackdelar med undervisningsmetoden, deras kunskapssyn och eventuella förslag till förändringar.</p>

Detta arbete är resultatet av en undersökning på en grundskola och en gymnasieskola som använder ämnesövergripande och tvärvetenskap som metod för undervisningen. Syftet med studien är att jämföra initiativtagares, lärares och elevers åsikter angående arbetssättet och att dessutom jämföra de två skolorna. Rapporten redovisar hur implementering och införande av undervisningen gått till och hur den är organiserad. Vidare redogörs informanternas syn på för och nackdelar med undervisningsmetoden, deras kunskapssyn och eventuella förslag till förändringar.

Sammanfattning Gymnasielärarens naturvetenskapliga förmåga att förankra hållbar kunskap bygger på gymnasieelevernas inre motivation och drivkraft. Utvecklingsmöjligheter för bildningsprocessen är enorma, när läraren har kapaciteten att stimulera och styra tankebanorna mot uppsatta mål. Syftet med skapandet av ett naturvetenskapligt labbkompendium var att utforma en grund för kreativt och analytiskt tänkande för att kunna integrera och synkronisera naturvetenskapliga moment inom biologi, kemi och matematik. Även om didaktiken har gjort framsteg och nya metoder har tagits fram finns det ändå implementeringsproblem att lösa. Problembaserad lärande (PBL) har förutsättningarna att utveckla och stärka elevernas initiativtagande förmåga, analyserande färdigheter och innovativa lösningar. Målet är att se helheten ur flera olika perspektiv för att förståelsen skall nå nya nivåer. Det matematiska perspektivet passar väl in med PBL, vilket gynnar utvecklingen av logiken och förankringen av kunskap. Vetenskapliga studier med logikens hjälp är en grundförutsättning att lyckas och vägleder eleverna i sitt sätt att hantera flödet av information. Arbetsmoment rörande gemensamma ämnesområden inom biologiska, kemiska och fysikaliska fenomen bidrar till att insikten höjs med effektivare bildning. Idrotten har länge jobbat med individanpassad coaching i förhållande till individens fysiska och psykiska utvecklingskurva, vilket skolväsendet borde ta efter och lära sig av. Att aktivt hålla en dialog med eleverna och hela tiden anpassa sig till elevernas vardag och utnyttja elevernas distraktioner till att styra in dem på ämnet igen ökade motivationen och lärandet. Via det matematiska perspektivet kunde eleverna reflektera och dra slutsatser kring sitt arbete och sätta det i relation till andra perspektiv. Eftersom Studieguiden hade varierande grad av laborationer, från detaljinstruerande till obundna protokoll, fanns möjligheten att alla skulle bli stimulerade och kunna utvecklas i sin egen takt. Alla fem sinnen måste aktiveras för att säkerhetsställa bibehållen kunskap. Kreativiteten hur målen kan uppnås präglas av de didaktiska stöttepelarna Vad? Hur? Varför?, men nyckeln till framgång skapas genom att först visa vägen och sedan låta eleverna själva styra över sitt analytiska tänkande. Dynamiska processer som sammanbinder vetenskapen med naturliga fenomen i vardagen höjer inlärningsprocessen och skapar samhällsmedvetna medborgare. Ingen skriven manual för att lyckas finns, men det är många faktorer som spelar in. Det underlättar att veta hur eleverna tänker, vilka grunder de har byggt sin tillvaro på och hur de lever, vilket utgör den plattform kunskapen skall utgå ifrån. / Abstract The problematic situation in Secondary Schools education regarding motivation and stimulation in scientific subjects has not yet been solved. Theories of didactic skills have developed throughout the last centuries, but to achieve sustainable learning methods teacher need to improve their creativity and enthusiasm by leaving the comfort zone. Implementation of scientific knowledge has to undergo many steps before students accept the facts and can use the information in another scenario. Though, lots of attempt to establish good and healthy atmosphere in the classroom has occurred by optimize student learning process. Therefore, it is of great importance that all courses regarding science topics work together by integrate the issues, theories, discussions and skills. The different disciplines such as biology, chemistry and environmental courses are all dependent on laboratory experience to anchor long lasting memory bank. By anchor the experiments in the reality students motivation increased by their eagerness to discover the unknown. Mathematics has the privilege of being the overall discipline that can quantify and examine the laws of science in an experiential manner. The advantage of measuring different situation and calculate the significance helps student to understand environmental phenomena occurring on our planet. The purpose of making a Study Guide was to improve laboratory exercise by stimulating inventiveness, increasing adjustments toward the reality and expanding participation of all different scientific disciplines such as biology, chemistry and mathematics. The Study Guide was design to consist of defined protocols to self-exploring experiments. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) has the advantage of putting the solving process in the center. Thereby, it can generate a platform of self-regulated education making the student taking charge of its own progress. The eagerness of improved wisdom can be transform into a cascade of reactions and outcomes that will lead into new inventions. Since the students often pay more attention to what the teacher does than what the teacher says, the teacher’s leadership has to have the same philosophy as the mathematic prospective of solving a problem. If all our senses were activated during an event profound understanding of the circumstance will occur. The athletic coaching skills normally have a philosophy involving PBL strategy. Taking into account how different sports adjust their training sessions to suit each individual capacity and to strengthen their weakness, is something many teachers can learn from. Coaching has entered the education corridor, but still many teacher lack the knowledge how coaching should be performed. Synchronizing suitable chemistry and biology theories and experiments in time established long lasting awareness. By using tools the student are well familiar with, such as www.youtube.se, increased their ability to search for reliable scientific information elsewhere. The guarantee can never be ensured, since there are so many factors that influence the outcome of the lesson. To prepare for the unknown is what scientific research is all about, which a teacher has to embrace and use as a self-reflecting process to ensure quality of learning than quantity of studying. The group dynamic varies enormously, but those who know the usefulness of education have the motivation to continue the path of science.

I denna uppsats har det interprofessionella lärandet hos studenter vid Hälsouniversitetet i Linköping undersökts. Syftet har varit att ta reda på hur studenterna själva upplever att deras kompetens utvecklats och tillvaratagits i ett interprofessionellt lärande i PBL-miljö. Som metod har jag använt mig av triangulering där redan befintliga kursdokument har kombinerats med en kompletterande enkät och observation. Interprofessionellt lärande har visat sig vara ett uppskattat inslag i utbildningen, då den egna professionens särart förtydligas genom interaktion med andra professioner. Studenterna bedömer att denna typ av samarbete/samverkan mellan olika professioner kommer att ha en positiv inverkan på det framtida yrkesutövandet. Undersökningens resultat indikerar samtidigt att medvetenheten om den egna utvecklingen kan behöva tränas ytterligare. Detta gäller både det metakognitiva lärandet och förmågan att reflektera över egen såväl som övriga gruppmedlemmars roll och funktion i basgruppsarbetet.

<p>I denna uppsats har det interprofessionella lärandet hos studenter vid Hälsouniversitetet i Linköping undersökts. Syftet har varit att ta reda på hur studenterna själva upplever att deras kompetens utvecklats och tillvaratagits i ett interprofessionellt lärande i PBL-miljö. Som metod har jag använt mig av triangulering där redan befintliga kursdokument har kombinerats med en kompletterande enkät och observation.</p><p>Interprofessionellt lärande har visat sig vara ett uppskattat inslag i utbildningen, då den egna professionens särart förtydligas genom interaktion med andra professioner. Studenterna bedömer att denna typ av samarbete/samverkan mellan olika professioner kommer att ha en positiv inverkan på det framtida yrkesutövandet.</p><p>Undersökningens resultat indikerar samtidigt att medvetenheten om den egna utvecklingen kan behöva tränas ytterligare. Detta gäller både det metakognitiva lärandet och förmågan att reflektera över egen såväl som övriga gruppmedlemmars roll och funktion i basgruppsarbetet.</p>

<p>This thesis aimed to study the interaction between an educational technology system and its users and give suggestions for design improvements. The technology system is called EDIT (Educational Development through Information Technology) and has been developed and applied at Linköping University’s Faculty of Health Science. EDIT supports Problem Based Learning and enables scenarios to be presented through the World Wide Web. </p><p>The study was divided into two parts. The first part consisted of a qualitative study with the objective to describe the interaction between the students and EDIT. Students from the faculty’s medical-, nursing- and social care programs were interviewed and observed using the system. The study showed that EDIT was not fully designed to support multiple user interaction. EDIT could only be operated by one user at a time which in turn resulted in an interaction reliant on the operators technical knowledge and ability to handle the system. The second part consisted of a redesign of EDIT. The design goal was to create a groupware that could be operated by multiple users. The design solutions were presented as lofi prototypes to three EDIT users. The users approved of the ideas but stressed the danger of using too advanced and unfamiliar technology.</p>

Na atualidade, a incessante busca pela melhor forma de acesso a informações mistura-se com as dificuldades inerentes à falta de tempo, comum em nosso cotidiano. Tal realidade cria dificuldades para que comunidades isoladas, geográfica ou economicamente, possam dispor das atualidades tecnológicas. Surgindo como um meio de reduzir tais contrastes, a Internet apresenta-se como uma das maneiras de integrar a Educação a Distância e o trabalho cooperativo de forma ágil e sem demandar excessos de recursos, além de prover grandes facilidades para os mais variados tipos de atividades em grupo. Visando tirar proveito destes recursos, busca-se com este estudo integrar paradigmas de cooperação para o trabalho e o ensino com esta rede. Procura-se por estratégias de suporte à solução cooperativa de problemas, através do estudo inicial de conceitos básicos para o entendimento de termos e definições metodológicas de trabalho cooperativo à distância. A seguir, procura-se conciliar o uso destes paradigmas com a Educação a Distância e com Sistemas de Informação. Avalia-se também ferramentas existentes de groupware, com o objetivo de obter diferenças e comparações que possam justificar o desenvolvimento de um modelo híbrido, capaz de ser utilizado em um processo decisório. Como principal contribuição, este trabalho inclui o projeto e a implementação de um sistema capaz de automatizar a sumarização e a votação de idéias com foco ou temas comuns, através de uma intelfaceWWW (World Wide Web) de forma a facilitar a tomada de decisões em grupo. / Presently a continuos rush towards the best form to access information coexists with difficulties due to the lack of time so common nowadays. Isolated, both geographically or economically, communities are handicapped in this race. Stepping up as a form of reducing these contrasts, Internet presents itself as an agile and non excessive resources demanding way of integration between Distance Learning and cooperative work. Besides that, Internet provides great facilities to the most diverse kinds of group activities. Seeking to take profit from these resources it is aimed with this study to integrate the paradigms of cooperation for work and education with the net. It is looked for strategies that can support the cooperative solving of problems, through the initial study of basic concepts for the understanding of terms and methodological definitions of cooperative work at distance. Next, it is tried to reconcile the use of these paradigms with Distance Learning and with Information Systems. The existing groupware tools are also evaluated with the objective of revealing differences and comparisons that can justify the development of a hybrid model, capable of being used in a decision-taking process. As main contribution, this work includes the project and the development of a system capable to automate the summarization and the voting of ideas with common focus or themes, through an WWW (World Wide Web) interface in order to facilitate the talçing of decisions in a group.

TrapSimulator é uma ferramenta didática de simulação de corrente elétrica sob efeito do ruído Random Telegraph Noise, presente nos dispositivos eletrônicos semicondutores, mais precisamente em transistores de efeito de campo. Esta ferramenta possibilita a execução de simulações rápidas, de fácil visualização e usabilidade, isto porque, além de ser um software de código aberto, disponibilizado sob licença Gnu Generic Public License, é acessível através de um simples navegador de internet. Seu propósito principal é levar ao ambiente de sala de aula, uma forma de visualização do ruído no domínio do tempo e frequência, utilizando uma infraestrutura básica, presente na maioria das universidades. TrapSimulator implementa em seu algoritmo, métodos de simulação de um vetor que representa a corrente Id(t) sob efeito de ruído citado anteriormente. Este ruído é modelo conforme o conceito Trapping De-Trapping, o qual afirma que a causa da flutuação do nível de corrente é devida a captura e emissão de portadores por defeitos localizados no dielétrico dos transistores, próximo à interface entre este e o canal ativo do dispositivo. A motivação por executar este trabalho se dá pelo interesse em contribuir com o aprendizado de estudantes de graduação da área de Engenharia Elétrica e Eletrônica. Baseando-se numa metodologia empregada no ensino tecnológico, chamada de Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos, este trabalho propõe um processo cognitivo mais atuante, priorizando a busca mais ativa pelo conhecimento. / TrapSimulator is a current simulation didactic tool under Random Telegraph Noise effect, present in electronic semiconductor devices, more precisely in field effect transistors. This tool makes it possible to perform fast, easy-to-view and usability simulations, because it is open source, made available under a Gnu Generic Public License, accessible through a simple web browser. Its main purpose is to take the classroom environment, a way of noise visualizing in the time and frequency domain, using a basic infrastructure, present in most universities. TrapSimulator implements in its algorithm, simulation methods that represents the ID(t) current vector under noise effect quoted above. Random Telegraph Noise is modeled according to the Trapping De-Trapping concept, which establishes that current level fluctuation is due to carriers capture and emission by defects located at dielectric region, next to active channel on semi-conductor devices. The work motivation is due to the desire to contribute to the undergraduate students learning in Electrical and Electronic Engineering area. Based on methodology used in technological teaching, called Project-Based Learning, this work proposes a cognitive process more directed to making hands on, the most active search for knowledge.