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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
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Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Globalisation and policy borrowing in education : a discourse-historical analysis of HIV/AIDS prevention in UgandaBarnowe-Meyer, Brooke January 2014 (has links)
Educational discourses, practices and institutions are increasingly shaped today by forces and envoys of a globalised world. Research suggests that functional integration into a neo-liberal world economy compels many nation-states to eschew indigenous educational priorities in favour of a globally structured agenda for education. This thesis explores the emergence of new educational policy responses to this agenda, with a particular emphasis on the practice of policy ‘borrowing’. While numerous studies have explored educational issues including curricular convergence and mass schooling in the context of policy borrowing, few have explored health education from a similar theoretical perspective. This thesis applies the Globally Structured Agenda for Education (GSAE) approach to the study of Uganda’s efforts to borrow an abstinence-only educational intervention as the nation’s primary HIV/AIDS prevention strategy. Uganda is regarded by many AIDS researchers and public health professionals as one of the world’s most compelling success stories in the battle against HIV and AIDS. From the early 1990s until 2003, the Ugandan government actively promoted a comprehensive approach to HIV prevention, encouraging Ugandans of all ages to observe the ‘ABCs’ of sexual health (Abstain, Be Faithful, use Condoms). Unlike the vast majority of its sub-Saharan counterparts, Uganda then experienced a rapid and extraordinary decline in rates of HIV prevalence. In 2004, however, the government of Uganda abruptly abandoned the popular ABC approach in favour of ‘policy borrowing’ PEPFAR, the model of sexual health education advocated by the United States. This exclusively promoted the benefits of abstinence until marriage. The sudden shift in education policy and public discourse in Uganda is the focus of this research. Two forms of documentary analysis are used. The first explores the borrowing process in detail, examining the interests and motivations underlying cross-national policy attraction, decision-making, implementation and ultimately, indigenisation in Uganda. The second explores the social, educational and health consequences of an abstinence-until-marriage approach in the context of Uganda’s localised AIDS epidemic. A discourse-historical approach is utilised to examine the ways in which language and rhetoric establish a narrative correlation between premarital abstinence and HIV prevention in Uganda, and to analyse the extent to which public discourse legitimately reflects the social, economic and epidemiological conditions in-country. The findings suggest the discourse on HIV/AIDS prevention in Uganda focuses mainly on (i) the severity of the national epidemic, (ii) the scope, nature and success of the ABC approach, (iii) the virtues of pre-marital abstinence, and (iv) the prophylactic inefficiency of condom use. The various arguments in support of abstinence-until-marriage education are found to be largely motivated by the political ambitions and economic aspirations of key power elites in Uganda. This finding suggests the neo-liberal, capital-driven imperatives of a global education agenda have indeed come to supersede local health needs in Uganda. The study concludes that Uganda’s efforts to halt the spread HIV/AIDS through abstinence-until- marriage education fail to adequately address the prevention needs of the nation’s adolescents and adults. This is evidenced by the fact the largest percentage of HIV-positive persons in Uganda are married, divorced and/or widowed women. Rather than marriage being seen as – in the American model – a ‘safe haven’ from the virus, it is instead the very place where Ugandans are most at risk. This has profound implications not only for education and health policy-making in Uganda, but also raises serious questions about the efficacy and relevance of ‘borrowing’ policies whose origins, ideologies and political contexts emanate from elsewhere.
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L’implication du christianisme éthiopien dans la lutte contre le sida : une socio-anthropologie de la « guérison »Hermann-Mesfen, Judith 13 September 2012 (has links)
A la fin des années 1980, à l'apparition des premiers cas d'infection au VIH, l'Eglise Ethiopienne Orthodoxe Täwahedo (EOTC-Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahedo Church) s'est officiellement impliquée dans la lutte contre le sida au côté du Gouvernement éthiopien. Par ailleurs, dans les années 1990, les fidèles de l'Eglise éthiopienne ont commencé à se rendre sur des sites d'eau bénite dans l'espoir d'y guérir miraculeusement de l'infection. A partir de 2004, l'EOTC a reçu des subventions américaines au titre de la promotion de l'abstinence et de la fidélité. Deux ans après, les traitements contre le sida étaient distribués gratuitement et largement, entrant en conflit avec la cure par l'eau bénite traditionnellement exclusive de tout autre thérapeutique. Cette étude, combinant socio-anthropologie de la santé et de la religion, s'intéresse à la manière dont le christianisme éthiopien – dans ses composantes institutionnelle (EOTC) et rituelle (Eglise éthiopienne) – s'investit dans la lutte contre l'épidémie. En retour, elle interroge la manière dont les subventions américaines à l'EOTC et la distribution des antirétroviraux constituent des facteurs de changement pour cette religion pluriséculaire. L'analyse révèle que le christianisme éthiopien n'est traditionnellement pas l'instance en charge de l'encadrement sexuel des fidèles. L'importance du recours par les fidèles infectés au VIH à la cure par l'eau bénite témoigne de la place qu'occupe, dans cette religion, le pardon et la rédemption. Mots clef : EOTC, VIH/sida, PEPFAR, miracle, prévention des nouvelles infections au VIH, prise en charge des PVVIH, eau bénite. / At the end of the 1980's, while the first HIV/AIDS cases appeared, together with the Ethiopian Government the Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahedo Church (EOTC) committed officially itself to the fight against HIV/AIDS. In the 1990s, followers of the Ethiopian Church on their side started to dedicate themselves to holy water ritual hoping to be cured miraculously of HIV/AIDS. In 2004, the EOTC started to receive American subventions in order to promote abstinence and faithfulness among its followers. Two years later, antiretroviral treatments began to be largely and freely distributed entering in conflict with the spiritual values of the holy water cure, which excludes any other kind of therapy. This study, combining health and religion socio-anthropology approaches focuses on the way the Ethiopian Christianity in its two components – both institutional (EOTC) and ritual (Ethiopian Church) – involved itself in the fight against the epidemic. Furthermore, it addresses the way americans' grants and antiretroviral treatments became factors of change in this particular ancient Church. The analysis shows that traditionally, the Ethiopian Christianity is not a body in charge of regulating its followers' sexual behaviour. It is significant that followers infected by HIV seek healing through holy water cure for it reveals that in this religion, the emphasis is being put on forgiveness and redemption. Within the sociology of religious facts, this approach brings to light the fact that the Ethiopian Christianity is a religion of forgiveness, and thus that it will focus more on healing than prevention.
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HIV Prevention in Babati, Tanzania : Another Imperialistic Project in a Lost ContinentÅslund, Sandra January 2006 (has links)
<p>This thesis is an analysis of how international policies on HIV prevention can be understood through a postcolonial perspective and how these prevention strategies are reflected nationally and locally in Babati, Tanzania. To gain knowledge of these aims I have focused on UNAIDS and the US’ government policies to get an idea of where the international discourse about HIV prevention stands. My empirical data in Babati is collected by semi-structural interviews with people who work with HIV prevention. I have used Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s understanding of Third World women, together with Jenny Kitzinger theory about women in HIV discourses and Karen M Booth’s view of how international policies are trying to empower women to reduce their risk of HIV infection. To assist my analysis I have focused on three notions, which are recurring in the HIV prevention discourse, these are: empowerment of women, condom use and sexual behaviour. These notions help to establish the HIV discourse and later I have compared the results with my theoretical framework and empirical findings. My final conclusion is that international policies on HIV prevention can be seen as imperialistic as they are promoting a certain change in sexual behaviour, such as reduction of partners and abstinence until marriage.</p>
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Global HIV/AIDS initiatives, recipient autonomy and country ownership : an analysis of the rise and decline of Global Fund and PEPFAR funding in NamibiaCairney, Liita-Iyaloo Ndalinoshisho January 2017 (has links)
The Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, Malaria and TB and U.S President’s Emergency Fund for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) are global health initiatives (GHIs) that were established in the early 2000s with the mandates to increase global capacity to address HIV and AIDS rapidly. When the two GHIs were created, Namibia was one of the highest recipients of funding from both GHIs. A significant portion of their support to the country went to the Ministry of Health, which was the principal provider of treatment services in the country. Critics have argued, however, that the rise of financial support from the Global Fund and PEPFAR was associated with the creation of new administrative structures and procedures at the country level. This approach raises important questions about the degree to which Namibian health policymakers were able to exercise autonomy in the presence of GHI support. The aim of this thesis is to analyse the implications for institutional capacity and autonomy at the rise and fall of funding from the Global Fund and PEPFAR to the Ministry of Health concerning financial flows; human resources recruitment; and civil society engagement. With a focus on the changing relationship between the Ministry of Health and the two initiatives, the thesis examines the implications for country ownership and health systems capacity in the context of decreasing financial support from the Global Fund and PEPFAR. The field studies for this research was undertaken in 2011- 2012, when the two GHIs had indicated their intentions to scale-down the financial support made available to Namibia. This thesis uses multiple sources of data to qualitatively analyse the influences of Global Fund and PEPFAR support to Namibia from when the two initiatives were first established in 2002 and 2004, respectively, to 2012. A principal source of data was 43 semi-structured interviews conducted in Namibia during a placement with the Directorate of Special Programs in the Ministry of Health in early 2012. For financial flows, both the Global Fund and PEPFAR channelled and managed their funding through funder-specific structures and procedures that were developed and operated in parallel to existing Ministry of Health operations. Both for financial flows and human resources, initial structures and processes created difficulties for the Ministry of Health’s long-term objectives for HIV and AIDS. For civil society engagement, the thesis examined the Ministry of Health’s relationship with the Global Fund. At the rise of funding, the Global Fund required the establishment of a new multi-sector coordination structure for HIV and AIDS. This new structure operated at the same time as the existing national coordination structure and was perceived as having undermined the Ministry of Health’s role as the primary steward of Namibia's response. The Global Fund was also criticised for initially funding civil society organisations without making provisions for sustaining their capacity in the event of funding decline. The findings presented in this thesis indicate that at the rise of financing, the Ministry of Health’s engagement with the two HIV and AIDS GHIs initiatives was governed by the objectives of the two initiatives, rather than the long-term health systems goals of the Namibian Government. Their relationships with Namibia had an adverse impact on the Ministry of Health’s autonomy in making decisions on the national response to HIV and AIDS. The initial operations of the GHIs also had negative implications for Namibia's ability to sustain the health systems capacity they had helped to increase.
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HIV Prevention in Babati, Tanzania : Another Imperialistic Project in a Lost ContinentÅslund, Sandra January 2006 (has links)
This thesis is an analysis of how international policies on HIV prevention can be understood through a postcolonial perspective and how these prevention strategies are reflected nationally and locally in Babati, Tanzania. To gain knowledge of these aims I have focused on UNAIDS and the US’ government policies to get an idea of where the international discourse about HIV prevention stands. My empirical data in Babati is collected by semi-structural interviews with people who work with HIV prevention. I have used Chandra Talpade Mohanty’s understanding of Third World women, together with Jenny Kitzinger theory about women in HIV discourses and Karen M Booth’s view of how international policies are trying to empower women to reduce their risk of HIV infection. To assist my analysis I have focused on three notions, which are recurring in the HIV prevention discourse, these are: empowerment of women, condom use and sexual behaviour. These notions help to establish the HIV discourse and later I have compared the results with my theoretical framework and empirical findings. My final conclusion is that international policies on HIV prevention can be seen as imperialistic as they are promoting a certain change in sexual behaviour, such as reduction of partners and abstinence until marriage.
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HIV Prevalence and Donor Funding in EthiopiaKassahun, Walelign Meheretu 01 January 2019 (has links)
Many researchers have documented the trend of decreasing financial support from donors for human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) responses in Ethiopia. Less information is available regarding the correlation between trends of HIV prevalence and external funding and ways to address the impact that funding scarcity could cause. The purpose of this study was to examine the trend of HIV prevalence and donor funding levels, analyzing how the 2 are correlated, and opportunities to improve responses. Using the proximate determinant framework, the research questions examined the changes in HIV prevalence in Ethiopia during the past 10 years; the association between the trends of HIV prevalence, funding levels, and services provided; and the effect of different characteristics on the trend of the prevalence. A paired sample t-test, time series forecasting, Pearson correlation, chi-square test, and multiple regression were employed using a secondary data of sampled 1,067 people from the Demographic and Health Surveys and data from donors. Results indicated that the change in prevalence was statistically significant (t [10] = 4.59, p = .001), and correlated with the funding levels(r (10) = .635*, p = .027), a significant relationship between funding level and type of services, Ï?2 (2, N = 1067) = 1425.7, p <.001 and a significant regression equation to predict HIV prevalence (F (9, 1056) = 12.639, p < .001). The results from this study could be used to inform the Ministry of Health of Ethiopia and HIV project implementers to plan for domestic sustainable financing initiatives, invest based upon evidence-based HIV prevention strategies that could most directly impact quality of life and guide future research.
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L'implication du christianisme éthiopien dans la lutte contre le sida: une socio-anthropologie de la "guérison"Hermann-Mesfen, Judith 13 September 2012 (has links) (PDF)
A la fin des années 1980, à l'apparition des premiers cas d'infection au VIH, l'Eglise Ethiopienne Orthodoxe Täwahedo (EOTC-Ethiopian Orthodox Täwahedo Church) s'est officiellement impliquée dans la lutte contre le sida au côté du Gouvernement éthiopien. Par ailleurs, dans les années 1990, les fidèles de l'Eglise éthiopienne ont commencé à se rendre sur des sites d'eau bénite dans l'espoir d'y guérir miraculeusement de l'infection. A partir de 2004, l'EOTC a reçu des subventions américaines au titre de la promotion de l'abstinence et de la fidélité. Deux ans après, les traitements contre le sida étaient distribués gratuitement et largement, entrant en conflit avec la cure par l'eau bénite traditionnellement exclusive de tout autre thérapeutique. Cette étude, combinant socio-anthropologie de la santé et de la religion, s'intéresse à la manière dont le christianisme éthiopien - dans ses composantes institutionnelle (EOTC) et rituelle (Eglise éthiopienne) - s'investit dans la lutte contre l'épidémie. En retour, elle interroge la manière dont les subventions américaines à l'EOTC et la distribution des antirétroviraux constituent des facteurs de changement pour cette religion pluriséculaire. L'analyse révèle que le christianisme éthiopien n'est traditionnellement pas l'instance en charge de l'encadrement sexuel des fidèles. L'importance du recours par les fidèles infectés au VIH à la cure par l'eau bénite témoigne de la place qu'occupe, dans cette religion, le pardon et la rédemption. Il est également montré que le christianisme éthiopien est d'abord une religion du pardon, incidemment, elle investit plus la guérison que la prévention. Dès lors, un des apports de cette thèse est d'avoir pensé la guérison comme objet de recherche en soi. La guérison ou sortie de la maladie apparaît être ainsi le reflet inverse de l'entrée dans la maladie, il peut être envisagé comme un processus-événement auquel un grand nombre d'acteurs et d'institutions participent.
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In Search of Safety, Negotiating Everyday Forms of Risk: Sex Work, Criminalization, and HIV/AIDS in the Slums of KampalaCruz, Serena 30 October 2015 (has links)
This dissertation offers an in-depth descriptive account of how women manage daily risks associated with sex work, criminalization, and HIV/AIDS. Primary data collection took place within two slums in Kampala, Uganda over the course of fourteen months. The emphasis was on ethnographic methodologies involving participant observation and informal and unstructured interviewing. Insights then informed document analysis of international and national policies concerning HIV prevention and treatment strategies in the context of Uganda. The dissertation finds social networks and social capital provide the basis for community formation in the sex trade. It holds that these interpersonal processes are necessary components for how women manage daily risks associated with sex work and criminalization. However, the dissertation also finds that women’s social connections can undermine the strategies they need to manage their HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment. This is because current HIV/AIDS policies prioritize individual behavioral change practices that undermine the complex interpersonal activities developed by women to stay alive. In response, this dissertation concludes that social networks are fundamental to the formation of sex work communities and to the survival of women in the sex trade and should be considered in future HIV policies and programs intending to intervene in the HIV epidemic of female commercial sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.
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Dépolitisations d'une épidémie - La lutte internationale contre le sida et les politiques de santé en TanzanieHunsmann, Moritz 13 June 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Alors que les stratégies de lutte contre le sida en Afrique sub-saharienne mettent en jeu des compromis politiques nationaux fondamentaux, elles sont souvent formulées de manière hétéronome et dans un contexte marqué par la prédominance des bailleurs occidentaux. À partir de l'étude du cas tanzanien, cette thèse analyse différents aspects proprement politiques de la lutte contre le sida, à travers une double perspective : l'étude de l'élaboration des stratégies nationales de prévention et de traitement du VIH et l'analyse critique de leurs fondements biologiques et épidémiologiques. La recherche se fonde sur une enquête de terrain combinant 92 entretiens approfondis avec les principaux acteurs institutionnels au niveau national, et l'observation des processus décisionnels lors de réunions programmatiques. Cette thèse met ainsi en évidence l'attention politique inégale accordée aux différents récits causaux de la propagation du virus, et le rôle de ces histoires causales dans la formulation des politiques de prévention. Elle donne à voir les stratégies de non-décision ou de " contournement du politique " qu'adoptent les acteurs face aux arbitrages difficiles qu'impose la définition de priorités dans un contexte d'insuffisance des ressources. Enfin, à partir d'une analyse des controverses au sujet des effets de la réponse internationale au VIH/sida sur la cohérence des politiques de santé en Tanzanie, la thèse explore les contradictions d'une lutte verticale contre le sida dans un contexte marqué par un système de soins défaillant et une mauvaise santé générale de la population. Elle examine, sur cette base, les conditions d'élaboration d'une critique émancipatrice.
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