Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:42:38Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 souza_smls_dr_arafcl.pdf: 2613619 bytes, checksum: 83a0861850573336a552ef8ada2ef87b (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese tem como principal objetivo identificar as adaptações fonético-fonológicas realizadas por falantes brasileiros ao pronunciarem antropônimos estrangeiros, sobretudo os provenientes da língua inglesa. Argumenta-se que a temática discutida vincula-se diretamente com a definição de “identidade fonológica” do português. O estudo abrange questões de ordem linguística e extralinguística, o que permite dois olhares sobre o tema. O primeiro, de caráter sócio-histórico, retoma reflexões anteriores a respeito dos antropônimos e sua relevância para diferentes povos e culturas desde a antiguidade. Abordam-se, por este viés, aspectos de cunho discursivo que permeiam o processo de designação de pessoas. A segunda perspectiva, de caráter linguístico-estrutural, constitui o cerne desta investigação científica, que se desenvolve, essencialmente, à luz dos modelos fonológicos nãolineares. Nessa direção, por meio de análise contrastiva, destacam-se semelhanças e diferenças entre os sistemas fonológicos da língua-fonte, o inglês americano (IA), e da língua-alvo, o português do Brasil (PB). O corpus do trabalho é constituído por prenomes advindos do inglês, bem como por aqueles cuja grafia remete a essa língua. A seleção dos prenomes foi realizada a partir de listas de frequência de escolas públicas da cidade de São Luís-MA. Foram realizadas gravações com falantes nativos do IA e falantes nativos do PB, com o propósito de identificar os principais processos fonológicos desencadeados por esses informantes ao produzirem prenomes tipicamente derivados da língua inglesa. Por meio de entrevistas, investigam-se questões de ordem subjetiva, como fatos que motivaram a escolha do nome, satisfação do usuário com o nome e admiração pela língua inglesa. Após as transcrições dos dados, foram mapeadas as principais adaptações... / The primary purpose of this thesis is to outline phonetic and phonological adaptations made by Brazilian speakers while pronouncing foreign anthroponyms, especially those derived from English. The topic discussed is straightly linked to the determination of a phonological identity of Portuguese. The study focuses on linguistic and extralinguistic aspects, which allow two different views on the subject. The first, based on social-historical grounds, retakes previous reflections on anthroponyms and their relevance to different people and cultures since ancient times. Under this perspective, the survey deals with discursive issues related to the act of naming people. The second view, based on structural linguistic grounds, is the main focus of the study, which is essentially conducted in the light of non-linear phonological models. By means of phonological contrastive analysis, similarities and differences are highlighted concerning the source language, American English (AE) and the target language, Brazilian Portuguese (BP). The corpus comprises anthroponyms typical of the English language as well as proper names whose spelling refer to this idiom. The names selection was based on attendance sheets from State Schools in the city of São Luís, MA. Recordings were carried out with both native English and Portuguese speakers, aiming at mapping the main phonological processes employed by these subjects when producing the foreign anthroponyms. Subjective matters were investigated through interviews that point out motivational reasons parents had for choosing foreign athroponyms; users satisfaction with their own name, as well as their appreciation for the English language. Following data transcriptions, the research presents the main observed adaptations motivated by speakers’ native phonological system, such as: a) addition of the epenthetic vowel [i], resulting... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-06-17T11:52:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaabigailaguilarquirin.pdf: 928887 bytes, checksum: 32c29d5b89ba5f8c357b98046d27d1f6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-13T14:34:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaabigailaguilarquirin.pdf: 928887 bytes, checksum: 32c29d5b89ba5f8c357b98046d27d1f6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-13T14:34:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaabigailaguilarquirin.pdf: 928887 bytes, checksum: 32c29d5b89ba5f8c357b98046d27d1f6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-03 / O presente estudo investigou a relação dos preditores cognitivos da leitura e do engajamento escolar com a habilidade de leitura. Participaram dessa pesquisa um total de 74 crianças matriculadas, inicialmente, no 4o ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF), as quais foram avaliadas uma segunda vez após os dois meses iniciais do 5º ano do EF, sendo 53 crianças de escolas municipais e 21 crianças de uma escola estadual. Avaliou-se a consciência morfológica, consciência fonológica, memória de trabalho fonológica, nomeação seriada rápida, inteligência, engajamento escolar e a leitura (precisão, fluência e compreensão) nos alunos participantes. Os resultados evidenciaram que as habilidades de precisão e compreensão de leitura contribuem de forma positiva para a consciência fonológica. Também se identificou uma contribuição da memória de trabalho fonológica para a fluência de leitura. Além disso, a nomeação seriada rápida contribui positivamente para a compreensão de leitura e em relação ao engajamento escolar, identificou-se uma contribuição positiva do engajamento comportamental para a habilidade de compreensão de leitura. / The present study investigated the relation between cognitive predictors of reading and school engagement with reading skills. Seventy-four children from Brazilian public schools took part on this study. They were initially evaluated when coursing 4th grade and were evaluated a second time while coursing the second month of 5th grade. They were evaluated on morphological awareness, phonological awareness, phonological working memory, rapid automatized naming, student engagement and reading skills (precision, fluency, and comprehension). Results showed that both accuracy and reading comprehension positively contribute to phonological awareness. In addition, it was possible to identify a contribution of the phonological working memory to the reading fluency. Besides that, the study revealed that rapid automatized naming positively contributes to reading comprehension. In regards to student engagement, the study identified a positive contribution of behavioral engagement to reading comprehension.

This study investigates how four teachers working in preschool class–grade 3 perceive the concept of phonological awareness, how they work to stimulate this awareness and whether they see any change over time. Four teachers were interviewed and turned out to have different perceptions of what phonological awareness is. The interviewed teachers obtained their teaching certificates in different years, which can explain the differences in their knowledge and use of the concept. Half of them worked according to the Bornholm model, which is based on phonological awareness. Those who said that they worked more according to the Whole Language and LTG method nevertheless sometimes used rhymes and chants and language exercises, mostly because they appreciated the playfulness and pleasure of these exercises. Through in-service training and contact with other teachers, the interviewed teachers have become increasingly interested in the concept of phonological awareness.

The diploma thesis deals with the influence of Elkonin's method on phonological abilities in preschool age. In the term of content, the thesis is divided into two main parts - teoretical and empirical. The first main part creates a theoretical framework of the selected topic and is further divided into four chapters. First, the basic terminology - speech and language - are defined and the ontogenesis of human speech is conceptualized in more detail. The next chapter describes the phonological skills. There is also a distinction between phonological and phonemic awareness and a possible diagnosis of the field of phonological processing. Above all, the Battery of Tests of Phonological Abilities (by the authors Seidlová Málková and Caravolas) is described, because it was used for the needs of the research. The third chapter characterizes the methodology of D. B. Elkonin. The last chapter approaches school maturity and its diagnosis. The empirical part has a qualitative character and its main purpose of the researche is to analyze the influence of Elkonin's method on the phonological abilities of preschool children. From the research methods the analysis of the results of the activity, the analysis of the documents, the observation and the elaboration of the case study were used. Four preschool...

Recent research suggests that visual-verbal paired associate learning (PAL) taps a crossmodal associative learning mechanism involved in reading acquisition. However, evidence from children with dyslexia indicates that deficits in visual-verbal PAL are strongly linked to the verbal demands of the task. The research presented in this thesis had two overarching aims: first, to dissociate crossmodal and verbal demands in driving the PAL-reading relationship, and second, to assess the hypothesis that visual-verbal PAL plays a causal role in reading development. To address the first aim, a series of experiments examined the relationship between reading ability and PAL tasks differing in modality (crossmodal, unimodal) and output demand (visual, verbal). The results supported a verbal account of the PAL-reading relationship. In typically developing children and children with dyslexia, only tasks with a verbal output demand (i.e., visual-verbal PAL, verbal-verbal PAL) demonstrated a relationship with reading ability. In children with dyslexia, poor performance was isolated to difficulties learning novel phonological forms, rather than difficulties specific to crossmodal associative learning. Furthermore, the ability to learn novel phonological forms was found to fully explain visual-verbal PAL performance across reading abilities. In a final experiment, the causal role of visual-verbal PAL in reading development was assessed. The results of a longitudinal study from the start to the end of kindergarten showed that visual-verbal PAL measured in pre-readers did not predict reading ability at the end of kindergarten. Instead, PAL performance was influenced by learning to read.

本研究之目的在於評量中文與英文之「聲韻覺識」（phonological awareness）能力，以探討幼兒在不同英語教學法下的學習效果。「年齡」與「教學法」對「聲韻覺識」能力影響的差異。研究對象，為接受不同英語教學法的學前幼兒（大班生與中班生），一者採固定時間進行英語教學，定位英語為語言學習教材之一，稱之為M系統；一為採全時間教英語的機構，且定位英語為學習其他科目的媒介，稱之為W系統。測驗工具乃參酌胡潔芳教授提供之「聲韻覺識測驗」，經改編後共分八項分測驗--「中文音節刪除、英文音節刪除、中文音素刪除、英文音素刪除、中文音節替代、英文音節替代、中文音素替代與英文音素替代」。研究資料除了測驗成績之外，尚有教學現場之觀察資料，及兩系統之主管與教師之訪談文本，以了解不同英語教學法在教學內涵上之實質差異。 研究結果顯示，中文聲韻覺識能力，有「年齡」的差異，大班生表現優於中班生；「教學法」的差異，發生在中文「音素覺識」，M系統幼兒優於W系統。英文聲韻覺識能力，有「年齡」上的差異，大班生優於中班生，但無教學法上的差異。加測「注音符號」測驗，結果顯示有「年齡」與「教學法」上的差異，大班生比中班生好，M系統幼兒比W系統幼兒好，比較兩系統教學內涵的差異後，顯示M系統幼兒中文聲韻覺識能力表現較佳與「注音符號」教學有關；英文聲韻覺識能力無教學法上的差異，英文教學時間長短不影響聲韻覺識能力。研究結果似乎指出，真正影響中文與英文聲韻覺識能力發展的是年齡。 由於「聲韻覺識能力」的重要性，幼兒英語教學與學習，以培養「聲韻覺識」能力為出發點的教學內容應該要被參考，但基於年齡的限制，聲韻覺識教學，並不急於小班時期或中班初期開始。關於聲韻覺識的教學，文中另有討論。 關鍵詞：英語教學法，學前幼兒，聲韻覺識 / The purpose of this study is to investigate English learning effect of young children in Taiwan by means of examining the influence of age and English teaching approaches on young children’s phonological awareness in Chinese and in English. The participants consisted of the age of preschool (average five years old) and kindergarten (average six years old) children who are accepted different English language teaching approach in two schools. One school was called M school where young children were taught English partial time and English was one kind of language teaching materials. The other was called W school where young children were taught all time and learn everything in English. The results indicate that the age significantly affects on young children’s phonological awareness in Chinese and the teaching approach significantly affects on young children’s phonemic awareness in Chinese. The age significantly affects on young children’s phonological awareness in English. These results of this study seem to reveal that the main factor affecting on the development of young children’s phonological awareness in Chinese and in English is age. Due to the importance of phonological awareness, it should be to consider that English language teaching for young children could begin by training phonological awareness. However, based on the development of young children, it is not instant to train the capacity of phonological awareness in English language teaching. About the teaching of phonological awareness was discussed in the text. Keyword: English teaching approaches, young children, phonological awareness

<p>Sammanfattning</p><p> </p><p>Syfte: Att undersöka två läsmetoders effekter på tolv elever från skolår 2, 3 och 4 avseende fonologisk och ortografisk läsförmåga, läsflyt, läsförståelse och RAN (Rapid Automatic Naming) samt jämföra resultaten med en grupp elever som fått traditionell specialundervisning under samma tid.</p><p> </p><p>Metod: 52 elever genomförde en screening med avseende att mäta läsflyt och läsförståelse. Av dessa valdes 12 elever ut som hade svårigheter i läsflyt och korrekt läsning, fyra elever från varje skolår, 5 pojkar och 7 flickor. Eleverna delades i två lika stora grupper som tränade ordavkodning med två olika metoder i en-en-undervisning, 20 minuter tre gånger per vecka i sex veckor. De 18 eleverna fick utföra ytterligare fem läs- och skrivtest före och efter interventionen.</p><p> </p><p>Resultat: De båda interventionsgrupperna förbättrade sina resultat på flera test mer än gruppen som fick traditionell specialundervisning. Elever som tränat Rydaholmsmetoden fick bättre resultat i alla högläsningstest utom ett. Elever som tränat datorprogrammet Hitta ord fick bättre resultat i nonsensordtestet samt de båda tystläsningstesten.</p><p> </p><p>Diskussion: Resultatet skulle kunna tydas så att Rydaholmsmetoden tränar artikulation, ordmobilisering och läsflyt i högläsning medan datorprogrammet Hitta Ord tränar den ortografiska och fonologiska läsningen mer. Vidare skulle studiens resultat kunna tolkas så att en-en-undervisning är effektivare än traditionell specialundervisning.</p> / <p>Abstract</p><p>Aim: To investigate two reading methods effect on twelve students from school year 2, 3 and 4 in phonologic and orthographic reading, reading fluency and RAN comparing to traditional special education.</p><p> </p><p>Method: 52 students were tested in reading fluency. Twelve students with reading problems were elected, four students from each class, 5 boys and 7 girls. They were divided in two groups and had an intervention in two different word reading program in a one-to-one-torturing for 20 minutes three times a week in six weeks. A group of six students, were chosen as a comparing group. All 18 students were testing the same battery of tests before and after the six weeks.</p><p> </p><p>Result: The result showed that both intervention groups were improved their result more than the group trained with traditional special education. Rydaholms method group improved more in all loud reading tests except Nonsen word reading test while the computer trained group improved more in both cilent reading test and made a small improve in Nonsen word reading test.</p><p> </p><p>Discussion: The result could interpret that Rydaholm method trained articulation, word mobilization and loud reading fluency more while the computer based program trained orthographic and phonological reading more. The result could also interpret that one-to-one-torturing improve reading ability more than traditional special education in this reading abilities.</p><p> </p>

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of an intervention that focuses on phonics, decoding, reading speed and phonological awareness for 8-9 year old children in reading difficulties. Participants were selected on the basis of screening test results in grade one (decoding and reading comprehension). The participants were divided into two groups, an intervention group (A1, n=10 children) and a control group (A2, n=10). A1 received 30 minutes of intense reading instruction every day for six weeks from special educational needs teachers on top of their usual classroom based reading instruction. The control group received only their usual classroom-based reading instruction. Both groups completed a pre-intervention test and a post-intervention test to determine the effect of the intervention. Both groups were tested for decoding, phonological awareness, letter/sound connection, RAN and reading speed. The results show that both groups increased their reading ability with A1 showing the bigger gain. The intervention had significant effect after six weeks training on decoding words and non-words, and a tendency to significance for reading speed. The findings highlight the importance of early structural phonological training to accomplish and strengthen children’s reading speed and decoding ability, especially for children in reading difficulties.

I detta arbete beskrivs ett projekt som syftade till att skapa bokstavssånger som ökar elevernas kunskap om bokstavsljuden och bidrar till språkutveckling samt fonologisk medvetenhet, vilket i sin tur kan stödja läs- och skrivinlärningen. Sångerna ska också vara roliga, meningsfulla och inbjuda till delaktighet. Projektet startades under mitt tredje år på Grundlärarprogrammet vid Uppsala universitet, då jag under 7 veckor hade min tredje och sista verksamhetsförlagda utbildning (VFU) i en förskoleklass i Uppsala. Projektet fortsatte även resten av våren som en del av min utbildning, då jag läste kursen Självständigt arbete 1 på 15 hp och valde att tillverka ett pedagogiskt material. Bokstavssångerna riktar sig mot elever och lärare i förskoleklass och årskurs 1, och är tänkt som ett komplement till övrig språkundervisning (exempelvis enligt Bornholmsmodellen) samt övrig musikundervisning. I arbetet argumenterar jag varför musik kan (och bör) användas i språkundervisningen, bland annat genom en kortare översikt av forskning på området musik och språk. Arbetet innehåller även noter och länk till inspelningarna, en analys av vad sångerna kan tillföra befintligt material, en beskrivning av produktutvecklingsprocessen samt en diskussion kring arbetet och resulterande sånger och lärdomar. / The aim of the project described in this report was to create letter songs that increase students' knowledge of letter sounds and contributes to their development of language and phonological awareness, which in turn can support students who are learning to read and write. The songs should be fun to sing, meaningful and invite the students to participate. The project was started during my third year at the Primary School Teacher Education Programme at Uppsala University, and during my last and 7 weeks long teaching internship in a preschool class in Uppsala. The project continued for the rest of the semester as a part of my first (of two) Independent Project when I chose to create a pedagogical product.The letter songs are aimed towards students and teachers in preschool class and grade 1, and is meant to complement other language instruction (for example, in accordance with the Bornholm model) and other music instruction. In the report I argue that music can (and should) be used in language instruction, and the argument is among other things supported by an overview of studies and research about music and language. The report also contains sheet music and a link to recordings, an analysis of what these songs contributes to existing songs, an description of the product development process and a discussion of the project and resulting songs and lessons learned.

A análise da literatura demonstra acentuado interesse no conhecimento de como acontece a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita, e como é possível contribuir para que seu ensino ocorra com fundamento na identificação das habilidades cognitivas e linguísticas subjacentes a essa aprendizagem. A perspectiva do letramento emergente considera que competências linguísticas, metalinguísticas e conhecimentos sobre a linguagem escrita, desenvolvidos precocemente nas crianças, antes de seu ingresso no ensino fundamental, podem facilitar o processo de alfabetização. Dessa forma, a etapa pré-escolar constitui um período particularmente propício para o desenvolvimento dessas competências e alguns programas educacionais vêm sendo desenvolvidos com essa finalidade. Este estudo visou investigar os efeitos do Programa DECOLE, voltado para o desenvolvimento das competências de letramento emergente, sobre as habilidades de consciência fonológica, conhecimento de letras, vocabulário e compreensão oral, de alunos da Educação Infantil. A metodologia utilizada contemplou um delineamento com pré-teste, intervenção e pós-testes 1 e 2. Participaram do estudo 37 crianças com idade média de 5,4 anos (DP = 3,6 meses), alunos de duas turmas do último ano de uma pré-escola pública do interior de São Paulo. Tanto no pré-teste quanto nos pós-testes foram aplicados testes para avaliar as seguintes habilidades de letramento emergente: consciência fonológica, vocabulário, compreensão oral e conhecimento de letras. Após o pré-teste, os participantes foram divididos, de forma balanceada em relação às habilidades avaliadas, em grupo 1 (G1) e grupo 2 (G2). Aos participantes alocados no G1 foi aplicado pela pesquisadora, durante o primeiro semestre letivo, o Programa DECOLE. Devido a uma greve de servidores municipais, com o G1 foram realizadas apenas 24 sessões de intervenção, tendo sido desenvolvido cerca de 50% do Programa. Nesse período, os alunos do G2 participaram somente das atividades de rotina, com as professoras. No início do segundo semestre letivo foi realizado o pós-teste 1 avaliando as mesmas habilidades de letramento emergente em todos os participantes. Em seguida, os alunos do G2 passaram pela intervenção, tendo sido possível desenvolver com esse grupo cerca de 90% do Programa, durante 38 sessões. Ao final da intervenção com o G2, novamente todos os participantes foram avaliados através das mesmas provas, durante o pós-teste 2. Os dados foram analisados quantitativamente, através de técnicas de análise estatística descritiva e inferencial, a fim de comparar o desempenho dos grupos, visando identificar as relações de causa e efeito entre as variáveis estudadas e a contribuição do Programa sobre as habilidades de letramento emergente consideradas. Os resultados obtidos no pós-teste 1 não mostraram diferenças significativas entre o G1 e o G2, embora o G1 tenha obtido resultados superiores ao G2 em todas as habilidades avaliadas, com exceção do teste de nomeação, utilizado para avaliar o vocabulário expressivo. Observaram-se, entretanto, no pós-teste 2, diferenças significativas a favor do G2 no desempenho em consciência fonológica e compreensão oral, sugerindo a eficácia do programa para o desenvolvimento dessas competências de letramento emergente / The analysis of the literature demonstrates a great interest in the knowledge of how reading and writing learning happens, and how it is possible to contribute to their teaching, based on the identification of the cognitive and linguistic abilities that underlie this learning. The emergent literacy perspective considers that the linguistics and metalinguistics skills and the knowledge about written developed by children before their entry into primary school can facilitate the literacy process. In this way, the preschool stage is a particularly propitious period for the development of these competencies and some educational programs have been developed for this purpose. This study aimed to investigate the effects of the DECOLE Program, aimed at the development of emerging literacy skills, on the phonological awareness, letter knowledge, vocabulary and oral comprehension of students in Early Childhood Education. The methodology used included the following stages: pre-test, intervention and post-tests 1 and 2. Participants were 37 children with a mean age of 5.4 years (SD = 3.6 months), students from two classes of the last year of a public pre-school in the interior of São Paulo. Both in the pre-test and in the post-tests there were assessed the following emergent literacy skills: phonological awareness, vocabulary, oral comprehension and letter knowledge. After the pre-test, the participants were divided, in a balanced way in relation to the skills evaluated, in group 1 (G1) and group 2 (G2). To the participants allocated in the G1 it was applied by the researcher, during the first semester, the DECOLE Program. Due to a municipal server strike, only 24 intervention sessions were carried out with the G1, and approximately 50% of the Program was developed. During this period, G2 students participated only in routine activities with the teachers. At the beginning of the second semester, post-test 1 was applied, evaluating the same emergent literacy skills in all participants. After that, the G2 students went through the intervention, and it was possible to develop about 90% of the program for 38 sessions. At the end of the G2 intervention, all participants were again evaluated through the same tests during post-test 2. Data were analyzed quantitatively using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis techniques to compare the performance of the groups, aiming to identify the causal relationships between the variables studied and the Program\'s contribution to the emerging literacy skills considered. The results obtained in post-test 1 did not show significant differences between G1 and G2, although G1 obtained superior results in all the skills evaluated, except for the naming test used to evaluate expressive vocabulary. However, in post-test 2, there were significant differences in favor of G2 in performance of phonological awareness and oral comprehension, suggesting the program\'s effectiveness in developing these emergent literacy skills