Orientador: Helenice Bosco de Oliveira / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T18:38:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FerreiraJunior_Sergio_M.pdf: 747663 bytes, checksum: a25726e53762dc99adb1adc720db49d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Este estudo analisou comparativamente o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas dos detentos e dos funcionários da unidade prisional III do Complexo Penitenciário e Rede Pública de Saúde do município Hortolândia-SP sobre tuberculose e HIV/aids. Trata-se de um estudo seccional que utilizou o questionário KAP, do inglês, Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices, instrumento de pesquisa utilizado em vários estudos para coleta de dados a respeito do conhecimento, práticas e atitudes de uma determinada população em relação à saúde. Participaram do estudo de 506 indivíduos: 141 detentos, 115 funcionários do presídio e 250 funcionários da rede pública de saúde. Para a análise das variáveis foi utilizado o programa epi-info versão 6.4. Para as variáveis dependentes foi utilizado o teste do qui-quadrado e considerado com significância estatística o valor de p<0,05. Os resultados demonstraram muitos conceitos equivocados sobre a transmissão, sintomas, tratamento e cura da TB, bem como na transmissão do HIV/AIDS entre os três grupos pesquisados. O restrito acesso dos detentos às várias fontes de informação como T.V. rádio, e internet, permite que estes tomem conhecimento sobre a tuberculose apenas por meio dos poucos folhetos e cartazes que chegam até as celas. Os funcionários do presídio, apesar de terem amplo acesso às várias fontes de informação, bom nível de escolaridade e trabalharem na unidade prisional por longo tempo, não tiveram um bom desempenho nesta pesquisa. Com relação à rede pública de saúde, os resultados apontam erros conceituais básicos sobre o conhecimento dos sinais e sintomas da TB e sobre as formas de transmissão, infecção e prevenção da doença, informações que poderiam ser acessadas em qualquer manual de controle da tuberculose. Os resultados indicam haver falhas nos treinamentos replicados na rede pública e a falta de multidisciplinaridade, intersetorialidade e demandam a necessidade de reavaliação da metodologia e logística utilizadas nestas capacitações. Sobre a utilização do questionário KAP, o instrumento mostrou ser eficaz na coleta de dados gerais sobre o conhecimento e dados sociodemográficos, que podem colaborar para o planejamento das ações dos programas de tuberculose e serem utilizados nas ações de Advocacy Controle e Mobilização Social, entretanto mostrou limitação e fragilidade na validação dos resultados sobre práticas e atitudes. Este estudo pode colaborar para a discussão e validação do roteiro KAP como método adequado para explorar o conhecimento, atitudes e práticas na saúde de diferentes populações / Abstract: This study analyzed comparatively the knowledge, attitudes and practices of the prisoners, employees from the prison unit III of the Penitentiary Complex and health care workers of Hortolândia city, in São Paulo state, Brazil about tuberculosis and HIV/aids. It is about of a sectional study that used the KAP questionnaire, research instrument used in various studies for the gathering of data about the knowledge, attitudes and practices of a certain population in relation to health. On the study participated 506 Individuals: 141 prisoners, 115 prison employees and 250 health care workers. For the variables analysis was used theprogram Epi-info version 6.4. For the dependent variables was used the qui-square and considered a significant statistic the value of p<0,05. The results have demonstrated many wrong concepts about the transmission, symptoms, treatment and cure of TB, as on the transmission of HIV/aids among the three researched groups. The restricted access of the prisoners to various sources of information like T.V., radio and internet have made possible that these take knowledge about the tuberculosis only through a few flayers and posters that got to the cells. The prison employees, despite having great access to information sources, a nice education level and work on the prison for a long time, they have not had a good performance on this research. In relation to the health care workers, the results point basic conceptual mistakes about the knowledge of the signs and symptoms of TB and yet, wrong ideas about the ways of transmission, infection and prevention from the disease, information that could have been accessed in any tuberculosis control manual. The results still pointed to have imperfections on the replicated trainings on the public health and the lack of multidisciplinary and inter sectional and demand the necessity of methodological and logistic re-evaluation used for the realization of these capabilities. About the use of the KAP questionnaire has shown to be a very effective instrument on the data gathering that can collaborate for the planning of actions on the programs of tuberculosis and DST/aids to be used also on the actions of Advocacy Control and Social Mobilization. The results still can instigate the discussion about the validation of this instrument to the Portuguese language and the using of it as an adequate methodology to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of different health populations / Mestrado / Epidemiologia / Mestre em Saude Coletiva

Esta investigação busca aproximar as vivências da privação de liberdade em pacientes detentos num hospital penitenciário e compreende--las à luz da questão da liberdade segundo Hannah Arendt. Ela surge a partir da percepção da existência de muitas formas de se estar preso, além do que comumente se compreende como o encarceramento. Inicia--se com uma descrição fenomenológica do Centro Hospitalar do Sistema Penitenciário em que se busca compreender as peculiaridades deste lugar onde duas instituições complexas, o hospital e a prisão, se encontram; passa por uma aproximação das atividades do homem segundo Hannah Arendt (trabalho, obra e ação) no contexto do hospital penitenciário; e chega a narrativas de encontros entre a investigadora e quatro pacientes detentos, nos quais suas histórias e a maneira como vivem a privação de liberdade se acercam. Por fim, a partir de uma discussão teórica acerca da questão da liberdade, conclui--se, através dos encontros narrados e das transformações que a pesquisadora sofreu ao longo de dois anos de trabalho no hospital penitenciário, que a liberdade é restrita nesse contexto não como inicialmente havia se pensado, mas principalmente de outras maneiras. Se a liberdade é compreendida como o início de algo novo, acostumar--se à prisão significa sua restrição. A impossibilidade de encontro com o outro observada em pessoas que perpetraram alguns tipos de crime também impossibilita a liberdade enquanto ação entre os homens. Ainda assim, em situações muito específicas se pode avistar na prisão a possibilidade da ação que instaure o novo singular, principalmente quando a vida de quem está preso pode ser transformada numa história que se possa contar / This study examines experiences of liberty deprivation by inmates in a penitentiary hospital through the prism of Hannah Arendts question of liberty. It offers a broader scope of inmates perception of their own imprisonment, beyond the usual understanding of incarceration as simply deprivation of freedom. The first part presents a phenomenological description of the Penitentiary Systems Hospital Center, examining the peculiarities of this space, where two complex institutions, the hospital and the prison, meet. The second part explores Hannah Arendts human activities (labor, work and action) in the context of the penitentiary hospital. The third part analyses the narratives of the encounter between the researcher, and her transformations over the two years conducting field research, and four inmates, in which their account and their experience of liberty deprivation come near. These clinical results examined within the elaborated theoretical framework clearly indicate that freedom, understood as starting something new, may actually take place in a prison, even if circumscribed

Selon la nouvelle loi portant protection de l’enfant adoptée en RDC, un juge spécialisé est désormais en charge des questions relatives à l’enfance en difficulté. Dans ce travail, nous nous intéressons à la figure de ce nouvel acteur dans le paysage judiciaire congolais, de son activité au sein du tribunal pour enfants et surtout, au “traitement” qu'il réserve, sur le terrain aux enfants poursuivis pour des manquements à la loi pénale.Les deux parties qui constituent cette thèse correspondent aux deux terrains que nous avons effectués. L’examen de l’entrée des jeunes dans le système judiciaire, via le traitement de son cas par le tribunal de la jeunesse, nous a aidé à comprendre qui sont les enfants qui est l’enfant que nous retrouvons dans le lieu de placement géographiquement située dans une aile de la prison centrale de Simbounou. Une même culture et un même esprit règnent dans ces deux établissements (le quartier mineurs et la grande prison). En effet, les jeunes se sont inspirés du modèle de gestion autonome de la grande prison située à côté qui se caractérise par une auto-prise en charge complète des détenus à travers l’institution d’un “gouvernement” ou d’un “Etat-Major” faisant clairement référence à une organisation militaire. Nous présentons la structure détaillée de leur gouvernement avec des fonctions précises attachées à des postes dont les noms renvoient clairement à une structure militaire. A leur manière, les jeunes en sont ainsi arrivés à normer leur milieu de vie, à « réinventer l’ordre » sans l’assistance d’un seul adulte. Beaucoup d’éléments que nous avons observés dans cette prison et que nous présentons dans cette recherche, nous semblent trouver leur origine dans le milieu d'origine de ces jeunes. La situation d’enfermement, outre sa spécificité, a d’une manière générale servi à les exacerber et à les rendre plus visibles. Des recherches futures et plus approfondies sur les différentes dynamiques et interactions au sein des groupes de jeunes défavorisés dans une ville du Congo menées cette fois en milieu libre, pourraient utilement compléter ou éclairer les observations que nous avons effectuées en situation d’enfermement. / Doctorat en Criminologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Background: The current literature concerning self-harm and suicide has shown firstly that self-harm is a major public health problem, secondly that people who self-harm are at increased risk of suicide and thirdly, that women prisoners have a higher rate of self-harm than women in the general population and than male prisoners. Women prisoners are therefore particularly high risk of self-harm and suicide and yet to date, no specific intervention has been developed for this group. Aims: This study intends to build on an intervention found to be effective in the community and to describe a methodology of conducting a therapeutic intervention in a prison environment. Method: The research utilized both qualitative and quantitative methods conducted over four phases. In Phase 1, semi-structured interviews were completed with women prisoners who self-harm and with prison staff. Data was analysed thematically. In Phase 2, the results from the analysis were then used to inform the modification of a Psychodynamic Interpersonal skills Therapy (PIT) model originally used in the community. During the third phase of the study, prison staff were recruited and trained to deliver the therapy. Finally, the fourth phase consisted of a feasibility and acceptability study with 64 women prisoners who had recently self-harmed. Thirty-two were randomized to the treatment group which consisted of four sessions of individual PIT therapy and 32 to the control condition which consisted of four sessions with a member of staff not trained in the therapy. Rates of self-harm were measured pre- and post-treatment. Standardized measures for depression, suicide intention, hopelessness and interpersonal skills were also administered. These data were further supported by interviews conducted with participants who completed the intervention, therapists and therapy supervisors. The methods used in the study were constantly evaluated and amended when required to describe a methodology suitable for this environment. Results: There was evidence of a lack of understanding of self-harm by prison officers. The trial phase of the study did not show evidence of efficacy for the intervention. There was an overall reduction in rates of self-harm pre- and post- treatment across the sample. Comparison of scores on outcome measures, pre- and post-intervention, showed a reduction on all tests in both treatment groups but this was not significant. It was not feasible to deliver the therapy as originally envisaged and substantial changes to the methods were needed. The results showed that prison staff had the skill and capacity to deliver PIT therapy but that the prison was not able to support such a role. As a result external therapists had to be brought in to the study. Conclusions: It is acknowledged that the study was not feasible as originally designed, but due to the small sample size we cannot say it was not effective and therefore, not worthy of further study.

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Although parole boards have discretion and responsibility for deciding if and when prison inmates will be released on parole, previous studies of parole decisionmaking have found that the recommendations made by prison staff weigh heavily in parole decisions. In light of these findings it is surprising that the prison recommendation process has not come under greater scrutiny. What contributes to release recommendations made by prison superintendents, whether those recommendations are influenced by those made by lower level prison staff, and the factors shaping the latter, have not yet been explored by criminal justice scholars. It is the purpose of this research to examine parole release recommendations made at the prison decisionmaking stage. Practices followed by prison staff within one large state prison system as they formulated release recommendations for a random sample of 1610 parole applicants were examined. Of these applicants, 58% were recommended for release by unit management teams that operated on the cell block level. Using multi-level modeling it was possible to take into account characteristics related to applicants and prison staff teams, as well as institutions. Observations of decisionmaking teams and conversations with prison staff supplemented and contributed to the interpretation of quantitative findings. Results showed significant variation across teams and institutions in both the probability of an applicant receiving a positive recommendation for release--even after controlling for applicant and decisionmaking attributes--and in the strength of the influence of one applicant attribute: number of misconducts. A strong concordance also was found between recommendations made by lower level prison staff teams and prison superintendents. The findings have implications for prison and parole policies, the relationship between prison personnel and paroling authorities, prison operational procedures, and the perceptions of people who are incarcerated. / Criminal Justice