Submitted by Isac Macêdo (isac@ioc.fiocruz.br) on 2013-09-22T19:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MP 2008 - Lucia Maria Pereira de Oliveira.pdf: 3934700 bytes, checksum: a9cb1d03ea59b424193a37a792775cba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-22T19:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MP 2008 - Lucia Maria Pereira de Oliveira.pdf: 3934700 bytes, checksum: a9cb1d03ea59b424193a37a792775cba (MD5) / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. / A carência de cultura científica, e de espaços educacionais apropriados para incrementá-la, parecem contribuir à morbimortalidade do câncer uterino pelo vírus do papiloma humano (HPV) em mulheres de baixo grau de escolaridade. Com base na abordagem da pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico, nosso trabalho procurou demonstrar que, devido à interação das mulheres entre si e delas com a equipe de saúde, as clientes parecem conviver melhor com seus conflitos biopsicossociais. Observamos que a efetividade dos tratamentos está também relacionada à escuta interessada das clientes com papilomavirose, estando sujeitas a agravos em conseqüência de práticas curativas e automatizadas, cotidianamente exercidas por profissionais do sistema público de saúde. Assim sendo, realizamos com base em Freire, o desenvolvimento de um processo socioeducativo que suscitou, como produto, a criação de uma sala de espera interativa no Setor de Ginecologia de um hospital universitário. O principal objetivo foi converter um espaço de espera em uma sala com a preocupação não só de acolhimento, com também de um constante processo de construção compartilhada de saberes. Ao mesmo tempo, práticas ligadas à promoção da saúde e à prevenção do câncer são desenvolvidas, conforme reivindica a atual Política Nacional de Humanização da Saúde. / The lack of scientific culture, and educational activities appropriate to increase it, seem to contribute to morbidity and mortality of cervical cancer by human papillomavirus (HPV) in women of low educational level. Based on the approach of qualitative ethnographic research, our study sought to demonstrate that, due to the interaction of women among themselves and with their health care team, clients seem to live better with their conflicts biopsicossociais. We found that the effectiveness of treatment is also related to hearing from interested customers with papilomavirose, and subject to damages as a result of healing practices, automated daily performed by professional public health system. Therefore, we based on Freire, the development of a process which led childcare as a product, creating a waiting room in the interactive industry of Gynecology of a university hospital. The main objective was to convert a room waiting in a room with a concern not only the host, with also a constant process of shared construction of knowledge. At the same time, practices related to health promotion and cancer prevention are developed, as claims the current National Policy of Humanization of Health.

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is becoming a widely adopted technology for conversion of organic waste and nutrient-rich fertiliser production due to its cost-effectiveness and sustainability. In this study, a batch experiment was conducted using five different types of food waste and cow dung (CD). No significant difference was observed among the four substrates that produced the highest methane (P<0.05). Based on the batch experiment results, two substrates were selected for semi-continuous digestion and the highest methane yield (67%) was obtained from co-digestion (CO). PCR-DGGE results revealed higher bacterial and archaeal diversity indices in CO as compared to mono-digestion of CD and mixed food waste. The high-throughput sequence analyses revealed that the Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) belonging to the phyla Bacteroidetes, followed by Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, were dominant in all treatments. The enhanced methane production in CO could be attributed to the neutral pH and partial shift of archaea from Methanosaeta to Methanosarcina. The digestate and fresh CD were screened for plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB), nutrient and heavy metal content. The dung contained higher concentrations of heavy metals (P<0.05) and potential pathogens in comparison to the digestate. The use of digestate may, therefore, enhance soil fertility with minimal negative environmental effects. / School of Agriculture and Life Sciences / M. Sc. (Life Sciences)

This study investigated the factors affecting the teaching of English reading skills in a second language of Grade 3 learners in three primary schools, in Ongwediva town of Oshana Regional Education Directorate in Northern Namibia. It also investigated methods and approaches that were used to promote the teaching of reading in English as a second language and the linguistic environment of the classroom in which the teaching of reading occurs. Classroom environments were observed and telephonic interview was conducted with the circuit inspector of the three schools selected. Individual interviews were also done with the principals, Grade 3 teachers and Grade 3 learners of the three chosen schools. Focus group interview was also done with the same Grade 3 teachers. This study found out that insufficient reading books, poor teaching methods, insufficient teachers’ and learners’ interactions and overcrowded classrooms were some of the factors that made the teaching of reading unsuccessful. From the interviews of the circuit inspector, principals and teachers it was revealed that inadequate teacher training workshops for teachers teaching English reading, lack of parental involvement, low budget allocation to Primary Education and lack of reading capacity in vernacular affected the teaching of reading negatively. The outcome of learners’ interviews indicated that phonemic awareness and lack of comprehension created reading problems. Given the factors referred above, it is recommended that more interesting readers should be purchased to solve the shortage of reading materials. In addition, more effective teachers’ workshops should be given to strengthen the teachers’ approaches to reading skills development for Grade 3 learners. / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Early Childhood Development) / Educational Studies

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe factors that affect the utilisation of antenatal services by pregnant adolescents in Muheza district, Tanzania. Quantitative, descriptive study was used. The Andersen and Newman Framework of Health Services Utilisation were used as a conceptual framework. The study population consisted of 235 adolescents who delivered in the Muheza district while attending postnatal clinics and health centres providing reproductive health services between January 2012 and March 2012. The findings revealed a high percentage of under- utilisation of ANC due to low level of education, low individual and household income, inadequate knowledge about sexuality and poor attitudes towards reproductive health services as exemplified by low prevalence of contraceptive use. The distance from clinic, the use of family planning methods, source of antenatal care and having more than four children under 16 years were associated with adequate utilisation of antenatal services. Recommendations were made to promote antenatal services usage by pregnant adolescents in Tanzania. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

Orientador: Orivaldo Arf / Resumo: Devido ao crescimento e a importância da utilização do milho segunda safra, pacotes tecnológicos que favoreçam o uso dessa nova época de cultivo para o milho são de extrema importância para a consolidação dessa safra. O manejo adequado do solo, a utilização de coberturas vegetais e considerando também os dados pouco consistentes na utilização da inoculação com bactérias promotoras de crescimento na cultura do milho, são práticas fundamentais para a busca de uma produção econômica e ambientalmente viável. Diante do exposto o objetivo desse trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito das coberturas vegetais e dos modos de inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense nos diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo, no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho segunda safra. O experimento foi desenvolvido nos anos agrícolas de 2013/14 e 2014/15 em área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira – UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. O solo do local é do tipo LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-ESCURO Epi-eutrófico álico, textura argilosa, originalmente sob vegetação de cerrado. A precipitação média anual é de 1.313 mm e a temperatura média anual de 25°C. A área teve como cultura anterior a soja, e foi constituído por três subprojetos envolvendo coberturas vegetais (Crotalária spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis e C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis), modos de inoculação com A. brasilense (testemunha - sem inoculação de A. brasilense, inoculação de A. bras... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Due to the growth and importance of the use of second crop maize, technological packages that enhance the use of this new maize season are extremely important for this crop consolidation. Adequate soil management, cover crops and also the inconsistent data on the use of inoculation with growth promoting bacteria in maize, are fundamental practices for the search for an economically and environmentally viable production. This study animed to evaluate the effect of plant cover and inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense on different soil preparation systems, on the development and productivity of second crop maize. The experiment was developed in the agricultural years of 2013/14 and 2014/15 in an experimental area of the Education and Research Farm belonging to the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira - UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria -MS. The soil of the site is of the type RED-DARK LATOSOL Epi-eutrophic alic, clayey texture, originally under cerrado vegetation. The average precipitation cancels out is 1313 mm and the average annual temperature is 25 ° C. The area was previously cultivated with soybean, and was constituted by three subprojects involving plant cover crops (Crotalaria spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis and C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis), inoculation methods with A. brasilense (control - without inoculation of A. brasilense , inoculation of A. brasilense on maize seeds, inoculation of A. brasilense on maize seed and foliar - V4 stage ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Submitted by Daiene Camila Dias Chaves Corsini (daieneagro@gmail.com) on 2018-11-09T18:57:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 corsini_dcdc_dr_ilha.pdf: 3271631 bytes, checksum: 03bc61ace606b7d3a40171e912132c80 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Cristina Alexandra de Godoy null (cristina@adm.feis.unesp.br) on 2018-11-09T19:15:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 corsini_dcdc_dr_ilha.pdf: 3271631 bytes, checksum: 03bc61ace606b7d3a40171e912132c80 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-09T19:15:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 corsini_dcdc_dr_ilha.pdf: 3271631 bytes, checksum: 03bc61ace606b7d3a40171e912132c80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Devido ao crescimento e a importância da utilização do milho segunda safra, pacotes tecnológicos que favoreçam o uso dessa nova época de cultivo para o milho são de extrema importância para a consolidação dessa safra. O manejo adequado do solo, a utilização de coberturas vegetais e considerando também os dados pouco consistentes na utilização da inoculação com bactérias promotoras de crescimento na cultura do milho, são práticas fundamentais para a busca de uma produção econômica e ambientalmente viável. Diante do exposto o objetivo desse trabalho foi o de avaliar o efeito das coberturas vegetais e dos modos de inoculação com Azospirillum brasilense nos diferentes sistemas de preparo do solo, no desenvolvimento e produtividade do milho segunda safra. O experimento foi desenvolvido nos anos agrícolas de 2013/14 e 2014/15 em área experimental da Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa pertencente à Faculdade de Engenharia de Ilha Solteira – UNESP, localizada no município de Selvíria – MS. O solo do local é do tipo LATOSSOLO VERMELHO-ESCURO Epi-eutrófico álico, textura argilosa, originalmente sob vegetação de cerrado. A precipitação média anual é de 1.313 mm e a temperatura média anual de 25°C. A área teve como cultura anterior a soja, e foi constituído por três subprojetos envolvendo coberturas vegetais (Crotalária spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis e C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis), modos de inoculação com A. brasilense (testemunha - sem inoculação de A. brasilense, inoculação de A. brasilense nas sementes do milho, inoculação de A. brasilense na semente do milho e via foliar - estádio V4 e inoculação de A. brasilense via foliar - estádio V4) em três sistemas de preparo de solo (plantio direto, cultivo mínimo e cultivo convencional). Os delineamentos experimentais foram de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas em cada tipo de preparo do solo (subprojetos), sendo constituídos por três coberturas vegetais e quatro modos de inoculação com quatro repetições. Observou-se que no subprojeto com coberturas vegetais e modos de inoculação em sistema plantio direto, as coberturas vegetais obtiveram biomassa adequada para a manutenção de palha nesse sistema; a C. spectabilis obteve os maiores teores de nitrogênio (N) nas plantas e N acumulado, proporcionando as plantas de milho cultivadas após essa cobertura, maior altura de inserção de espigas; as plantas de milho cultivadas após a U. ruziziensis apresentou um maior população de Azospirillum por grama de solo. No cultivo mínimo, as coberturas vegetais obtiveram biomassa adequada para a manutenção de palha; para o teor de N, a espécie C. spectabilis apresentou maiores médias proporcionando as plantas de milho maior a altura de inserção de espiga, maior massa de plantas e maior população Azospirillum por grama de solo; a inoculação com A. brasilense via foliar proporcionou as plantas de milho maior massa seca de parte aérea; o modo de inoculação com A. brasilense proporcionou aumento da produtividade de grãos de milho quando essa foi feita nas sementes e via foliar. No sistema de preparo de solo convencional, as coberturas vegetais obtiveram biomassa adequada para a manutenção de palha, a massa seca de plantas de U. ruziziensis teve o maior valor médio e o maior acúmulo de N; a altura de plantas e altura de inserção de espigas foi maior quando houve a inoculação nas sementes de milho e via foliar com A. brasilense. / Due to the growth and importance of the use of second crop maize, technological packages that enhance the use of this new maize season are extremely important for this crop consolidation. Adequate soil management, cover crops and also the inconsistent data on the use of inoculation with growth promoting bacteria in maize, are fundamental practices for the search for an economically and environmentally viable production. This study animed to evaluate the effect of plant cover and inoculation methods with Azospirillum brasilense on different soil preparation systems, on the development and productivity of second crop maize. The experiment was developed in the agricultural years of 2013/14 and 2014/15 in an experimental area of the Education and Research Farm belonging to the Faculty of Engineering of Ilha Solteira - UNESP, located in the municipality of Selvíria -MS. The soil of the site is of the type RED-DARK LATOSOL Epi-eutrophic alic, clayey texture, originally under cerrado vegetation. The average precipitation cancels out is 1313 mm and the average annual temperature is 25 ° C. The area was previously cultivated with soybean, and was constituted by three subprojects involving plant cover crops (Crotalaria spectabilis, Urochloa ruziziensis and C. spectabilis + U. ruziziensis), inoculation methods with A. brasilense (control - without inoculation of A. brasilense , inoculation of A. brasilense on maize seeds, inoculation of A. brasilense on maize seed and foliar - V4 stage and inoculation of A. brasilense via foliar - V4 stage) in three soil tillage systems (no - tillage, no - tillage minimum and conventional cultivation). The experimental design was a randomized block design subdivided in each type of soil preparation (subprojects), consisting of three vegetation cover and four modes of inoculation with four replications. It was observed that in the subproject with vegetation cover and inoculation methods in no-tillage system, the vegetal cover obtained adequate biomass for the maintenance of straw in this system; C. spectabilis obtained the highest levels of nitrogen in the plants and N accumulated, providing the maize plants cultivated after this cover, greater height of spike insertion; maize plants grown after U. ruziziensis showed a larger population of Azospirillum per gram of soil. In the minimum cultivation, the vegetal coverings obtained adequate biomass for the maintenance of straw; for the N content, the species C. spectabilis showed higher mean values, giving the maize plants greater spike insertion height, larger plant mass and higher Azospirillum population per soil gram; the inoculation with A. brasilense via foliar provided the maize plants with the highest aerial part dry mass; the form of inoculation with A. brasilense provided an increase in the yield of maize grains when it was made in the seeds and foliar route. In the conventional tillage system, the plant cover obtained adequate biomass for the maintenance of straw, the dry mass of U. ruziziensis plants had the highest average value and the highest accumulation of N; plant height and spike insertion height were higher when inoculation was carried out on maize seeds and foliar route with A. brasilense. / FAPESP: 2013/26489-6

ABSTRACT This thesis will examine the feedback a teacher provides to a pupil during a regular daily interaction in English language teaching. This interaction has traditionally a three-phase structure called IRE (initiation, response and evaluation) or IRF, where F is a general follow-up, originally feedback. Traditionally, the third phase had evaluation function, but as it turns out, during the natural interaction between the teacher and the pupils in the classroom when the teacher focuses on the development of communication skills and when such interaction is more like an everyday conversation, this third stage has a different function, which is called discoursal by some authors. Such a feedback is very similar to the reaction heard by the speakers in everyday interaction outside classroom. The purpose is that the teacher tries to include pupils' responses to the discourse and not only correct and evaluate them. The teacher responds to students' answers with interest, some personal note, etc. This thesis will explore techniques that teachers in selected schools use to provide feedback in spoken language, it will examine whether the feedback is of evaluative or discoursal nature and what each type of feedback depends on. The aim of this thesis is to determine which type of feedback or which techniques are showing to be most beneficial for the development of effective communication for students.

Syftet med studien är att öka förståelsen för vilka faktorer som kan leda till och påverka äldre personers deltagande i en social gruppaktivitet riktad till ensamma äldre. Då känslan av ensamheten kan ge stora negativa effekter för den äldre är det viktigt att öka förståelsen och kunskapen om de fenomen och faktorer som påverkar och leder till mer gemenskap och välbefinnande. Studien är en kvalitativ intervjustudie och det insamlade materialet har analyserats genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Antonovskys salutogena perspektiv har använts som teoretisk referensram. Sex personer i åldern 75-90 år har deltagit i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna ingick i frivilligorganisationen Äldrekontakts sociala gruppaktivitet vilket är riktad till ensamma äldre som söker gemenskap. I resultatet framkom tre olika teman vilket sammanfattar de faktorer som ledde till och påverkade de äldres deltagande i den sociala gruppaktiviteten. De teman som ingår är: förändringsgrunder, förutsättningar och fördelar. Temat förändringsgrunder belyser att motivet för de äldre att delta i aktiviteten grundar sig i en önskan om en ökad gemenskap då relationerna blivit färre och att det hade uppstått en känsla av ensamhet. Vidare framkommer att deltagarnas förhållningssätt riktades mot välbefinnande genom att vara aktiv, att ha en stärkande inställning och att våga exponera sig. Temat förutsättningar beskriver villkor för ett deltagande i aktiviteten. Yttre faktorer var stödet att komma till och från aktiviteten och att det var anspråkslöst att delta. Den inre faktorn var att deltagarna hade tillräckligt med ork så att aktiveten gick att genomföra. Temat fördelar visar på de vinster som uppkom i och med deltagandet i denna gruppaktivitet. Denna aktivitet berikade vardagen genom att det blev ett avbrott i det vardagliga livet och att det fanns något att se fram emot. Deltagarna blev sedda och hörda då det fanns någon att samtala med och något att prata om samt att det skapades nya bekantskaper. En känsla av att bli omhändertagen uppstod vilket uttrycktes genom en tacksamhet att få delta och att det kändes tryggt att medverka i aktiviteten. Resultatet har analyserats genom Antonovskys salutogena perspektiv och tre slutsatser har framtagits. Dessa tre teman har identifierats som en process. Temat förändringsgrunder har visat sig vara en grundförutsättning för resterande process och det har också framkommit att deltagarna har en hög känsla av sammanhang. Denna kunskap kan hjälpa de äldre och de som vill stödja ensamma äldre att ta steget från ensamhet till gemenskap. / The purpose of the study is to increase understanding of the factors that can lead to and affect older people's participation in a social group activity directed to lonely elderly. Since the feeling of loneliness has such a large impact on elderly, it is important to increase the understanding and knowledge of the phenomena and factors that affect and lead to increased togetherness and wellbeing.  The study is a qualitative interview study and the data collected has been analyzed by qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Antonovsky's salutogenic perspective has been used as a theoretical framework. Six people aged 75-90 years participated in semi-structured interviews. The participants were part of the voluntary organization Äldrekontakt's social group activity directed to lonely elderly looking for togetherness. The result revealed three different themes that summarize the factors that led to and affected the elderly’s participation in the social group activity. The applicable themes are: incentives, essentials and benefits. The theme of incentives illuminates how the motive for the elderly to participate in the activity is based in a desire for increased togetherness since relationships had become fewer and a sense of loneliness had arisen. Furthermore, the participants approach was shown to be directed towards wellbeing by being active, by having a reinforcing strategy and by daring to expose themselves. The theme essentials describes the conditions necessary for participation in the activity. External factors were travel support to and from the activity and unpretentious expectations. The internal factor was that the participants had sufficient stamina to complete the activity. The theme of benefits shows the gains that arose in connection with the participation in this group activity. This activity enriched their everyday lives by providing a break from the mundane and something to anticipate. Participants were seen and heard since there was someone to talk to and something to talk about resulting in the creation of new acquaintances. A feeling of being taken care of arose which was expressed through gratitude for being able to participate and feeling secure while participating. The result has been analyzed via Antonovsky’s salutogenic perspective and three conclusions have been drawn. The three themes have been identified as a process. The theme incentives has been shown to be a prerequisite for the remaining process and it has also been noted that the participants have a high sense of coherence. This knowledge can help elderly and those who support lonely elderly to take the step from loneliness to togetherness.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T18:55:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao_KAREN BEATRIZ TAVEIRA BARROS.pdf: 883871 bytes, checksum: 92e5af990dcf6311e3af9bfb925d5154 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-13 / This study analyzes the Foster Care Program in São Luís, between 2012 and 2013, in the light of the provisions of the Child and Adolescent Statute, the National Plan for the Protection and Defense of the Right of Children to Family and Community life and Technical Guidelines of the CONANDA. It presents an exhibition of the historical trajectory of children and adolescents in Brazil. It discusses the right to family and community life as the effort to overcome the institutionalization of children and adolescents. It addresses the national policy of promotion and defense of family and community life and its implementation in a National Plan and child and adolescents care policy. It analyzes the Foster Care Program in São Luís, in 2012 and 2013, in its design and development. This analysis seeks to compare what is provided for in National Policy of promotion and defense of family and community life and what, indeed, has been operated in the local community through this program, at all stages, is so far the children or adolescents inserted either with respect to selected families. Thus, this study sought to investigate from the moment of reception , entry into the program , the monitoring and the departure of children , adolescents and families / Este trabalho analisa o Programa Família Acolhedora, na cidade de São Luís, nos anos de 2012 e 2013, à luz dos preceitos do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, do Plano Nacional de Proteção e Defesa do Direito de Crianças e Adolescentes à Convivência Familiar e Comunitária e Orientações Técnicas do CONANDA. Apresenta uma exposição da trajetória histórica da infância e adolescência no Brasil. Discorre sobre o direito à convivência familiar e comunitária como busca da superação da institucionalização de crianças e adolescentes. Aborda a Política nacional de promoção e defesa da convivência familiar e comunitária e sua concretização num Plano Nacional e na política de atendimento à criança e ao adolescente. Analisa o Programa Família Acolhedora em São Luís, nos anos de 2012 e 2013, no seu desenho e desenvolvimento. Essa análise de viés avaliativo busca cotejar o que é previsto na Política nacional de promoção e defesa à convivência familiar e comunitária e o que, de fato, vem sendo operacionalizado na realidade local através deste Programa, em todas as fases, seja no que diz às crianças ou adolescentes inseridas, seja no tocante às famílias selecionadas. Assim é que se buscou investigar desde o momento do acolhimento, a entrada no Programa, o acompanhamento e a saída das crianças, adolescentes e famílias

Mental fatigue is a complex hidden disability. This study investigates how people with mental fatigue assess the accessibility of various typical city environments. Specifically if they use spatial strategies to redress their disability and how they view interaction with other actors in the same space. The study also aims to offer tools for city planners in order to facilitate an understanding of how infrastructure can promote accessibility in public buildings and spaces. The study at hand is qualitative and was conducted as a virtual city tour which allowed the subjects to share their experience of accessibility. Labov's theory of narrative structure was used to analyse the data. The samples of narrative were collected from people who suffer from mental fatigue after a mild traumatic brain injury. The results show that stimuli intense environments increase the use of spatial strategies and complicate the accessibility as well as the interaction with others. The study finds that people with mental fatigue should fall under the protection of the availability impact act and therefore have a legal right to accessibility promoting actions.