Till akutmottagningen söker patienter i alla åldrar. Akutsjuksköterskan ska ha kunskap om och kunna omhänderta alla patienter som kommer till akutmottagningen. Pediatriska patienter har särskilda behov, deras fysiologi skiljer sig gentemot vuxna och de utgör därför en specifik patientgrupp. De kommunicerar och uttrycker sig inte heller som vuxna och kan redan i tidig ålder ge uttryck för smärta på sina egna sätt. Patientens aktiva deltagande varierar och patienten kan behöva olika former av stöd beroende på var i vårdprocessen de befinner sig. Det finns många faktorer som påverkar ett omhändertagande, både positivt och negativt. Syftet med studien var att belysa främjande och hindrande faktorer vid omhändertagande av barn på somatisk akutmottagning och utformades efter PEO (Population, Exposure, Outcome). Som metod användes en strukturerad litteraturöversikt med systematisk sökmetod. Resultatet av sökningarna i PubMed och Cinahl gav 15 artiklar med mixad ansats som analyserades med integrerad analysmetod. Det framkom sex huvudkategorier. Kommunikation och information med föräldrar som tar upp vikten av en öppen kommunikationsmiljö, informationsöverföring, sjuksköterskors centrala roll för kommunikation och att använda olika informationskällor för att underlätta kommunikationen. Under rubriken “kommunikation med barnet” framkom delaktighet i samtal om vårdprocessen, åldersanpassad kommunikation och information samt kommunikation om smärtupplevelser. Distraktion, smärtlindring, visad omtanke samt vårdmiljö var andra faktorer som visade sig påverka omhändertagandet av barn på somatisk akutmottagning. Slutsatsen från studien indikerar att omhändertagande av barn på somatisk akutmottagning kräver fokus på barnets delaktighet, familjecentrerad vård och kommunikation. Främjande faktorer kring omhändertagande är aktiv kommunikation, åldersanpassad och tillfredsställande information, distraktioner, snabb smärtlindring, anpassade vårdmiljöer samt visad omtanke. Hindrande faktorer är osäkerhet från närstående, lång väntan på smärtlindring och kommunikationssvårigheter. För ett effektivt och tillfredsställande omhändertagande av pediatriska patienter behöver hänsyn tas till de här främjande och hindrande faktorerna. / Patients of all ages come to the emergency department. The emergency specialist nurse must have knowledge of and be able to care for all patients who come to the emergency department. Pediatric patients have special needs, their physiology differs from that of adults and they therefore constitute a specific patient group. They do not communicate and express themselves like adults but can already at an early age express pain in their own ways. The patient's active participation varies and the patient may need different forms of support. There are many factors that affect emergency care, both positive and negative. The purpose of the study was to elucidate promoting and hindering factors in the care of children in somatic emergency departments and was designed according to PEO (population, exposure, outcome). The method used was a structured literature study with a systematic search. The result of the search in Pubmed and Cinahl yielded 15 articles with a mixed approach that were analyzed using an integrated analysis method. Six main categories emerged. Communication and information with parents that address the importance of an open communication environment, information transfer, nurse´s central role in communication and using different sources to facilitate communication. Under the heading "communication with the child", participation in conversations about the care process, age-appropriate communication and information and communication about pain experiences emerged. Distraction, pain relief, caring and care environment were other factors that were found to affect the care of children in somatic emergency departments. The conclusion from the study indicates that caring for acutely ill children requires a focus on the child's participation, family-centered nursing and communication. Promoting factors regarding emergency care are age-appropriate information, distractions, rapid pain relief, adapted care environments and shown consideration. Impeding factors are uncertainty from relatives, long waits for pain relief and communication difficulties. For good emergency care of pediatric patients these promoting and hindering factors need to be taken into account.

Diazotrophic microbes reside in soybean nodules; however, other non-nitrogen fixing bacteria are a part of the interior nodule microbiome. Results from a previous greenhouse study show that a novel species of Pseudomonas associates with soybean nodules as a plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). This study observes the soybean growth promoting potential of Pseudomonas spp. in a field setting. Additionally, this study observed differences in soybean growth promotion based on amending the plant with isolated strains or a mixed culture of the species' strains. Two cultivars of soybean (Asgrow AG46X6 and Pioneer P48A60X) were either amended with isolated strains of the novel Pseudomonas spp. (referred to as PAMW1 and BUMW2 in this study), a mix of the two strains, or an uninoculated control. The study recorded measurements to observe growth, yield, and nitrogen fixation differences. The study uses two-way factorial ANOVAs and non-parametric, multivariate analyses to determine differences in growth promotion among samples. Soybean amended with PAMW1 has greater shoot mass, biomass, and height than other treatments. Through nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS), samples amended with a mixed culture or PAMW1 may be different regarding growth promotion relative to the non-amended samples. Univariate results support the hypothesis that the novel Pseudomonas spp. benefit soybean in a field setting. However, it is inconclusive whether a mixed culture amendment of multiple strains alters the overall growth promotion of soybean compared to samples amended with isolated strains. / Master of Science / Soil hosts a relatively abundant and diverse community of microorganisms. Moreover, the area of soil that interacts closely with plant roots and their associated exudates, called the rhizosphere, has a significantly greater microbial abundance than surrounding bulk soil. Interactions between microbes and the plant often promote plant growth because of secondary metabolites produced by these beneficial microbes. One particular bacterial species, belonging to the Pseudomonas genus, was discovered and extracted from the soybean nodule interior. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria predominantly reside in the soybean nodule, yet this microorganism cannot fix nitrogen. Although trace amounts of non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria reside in the soybean nodule, this novel species has a relatively high abundance. This study determines the benefits of this species in the soybean nodule. Following positive results in a greenhouse study, this field experiment observes variance in soybean growth and productivity based on their received bacterial amendment. For this study, two soybean cultivars were either amended with an isolated strain of this species, a mix of the two strains, or left uninoculated to serve as a control. Numerous recorded measurements serve as indices of soybean growth and productivity. The results suggest that this novel Pseudomonas species benefits the plant by significantly improving biomass. With further research, this species can potentially serve as an environmentally sensitive and sustainable alternative to fertilizers through its ability to promote soybean growth.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka lärares, kuratorers och rektorers erfarenheter och upplevelser av elevers bruk av beroendeframkallande medel samt hur undervisning om dessa substanser kan bidra till ett hälsofrämjande- och förebyggande arbete. Tidigare forskning har visat att det finns få studier som utforskar vilken typ av undervisning som är mest effektiv för att förhindra ungas tidiga bruk av olika substanser. För att samla in data har en kvalitativ metod i form av semistrukturerade intervjuer använts. De som deltagit i intervjuerna är tre lärare, två kuratorer och en rektor. Studien baseras på delar av den sociokulturella teorin, fokus är på hur eleverna lär sig och tar till sig information. Resultatet visar att respondenterna har varierade upplevelser och erfarenheter kring elevers bruk av beroendeframkallande medel samt skilda uppfattningar om behovet av undervisning inom detta område. Samtliga respondenter är överens om att ämnet är svårt att undervisa i, men att undervisning om ämnet upplevs som positivt för det hälsofrämjande- och förebyggande arbetet. Vidare framkommer vikten av att stärka elevernas förmåga att göra självständiga val. Avslutningsvis betonar respondenterna att undervisningen måste anpassas efter elevernas ålder och behov. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the experiences and perceptions of teachers, counselors, and the principal regarding students´ use of addictive substances and how education about these substances can contribute to health-promoting and preventing efforts. Previous research has shown that there are few studies exploring which types of education is most effective in preventing early use of various substances among young people. To collect data, a qualitative method in form of semi structured interviews was used. The participants in the interviews were three teachers, two counselors, and one principal. The study is based on parts of the sociocultural theory, this study focusses on how students receive information. The results show that the respondents have varied experiences and perceptions regarding students’ use of addictive substances, as well as different opinions on the need for education in this area. All respondents agree that the subject is difficult to teach, but that education about addictive substances is seen as positive for health- promoting and preventive work. Furthermore, it emerged that many of the teachers, counselors and the principal believe it is important to strengthen students’ ability to make independent choices. In conclusion, the respondents emphasize that education must be adapted to the students’ age and needs, as these vary.

Syftet med studien är att synliggöra förskollärares uppfattningar om specialpedagogens roll i förskolan. Syftet besvaras genom följande frågeställningar: Hur beskriver förskollärare specialpedagogens roll i förskolan? På vilket sätt anser förskollärare att specialpedagogen kan bidra till att skapa en inkluderande verksamhet på förskolan? Studien är baserad på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med sju verksamma förskollärare. Databearbetningen gjordes genom en tematisk analys, med genomgående prägel från det relationella perspektivet. Resultatet visar till stor del att förskollärare beskriver specialpedagogens roll som främst stödjande och att specialpedagogen med sin särskilda kompetens vägleder pedagoger i utmanande situationer. Det finns en enighet bland förskollärarna som anser att specialpedagogen bidrar till att skapa en inkluderande verksamhet genom främst åtgärdandestödinsatser, i redan uppkomna och utmanande situationer. Däremot finns en önskan att specialpedagogen skulle vara närvarande även i förebyggande stödinsatser av inkludering, till exempel genom planerade besök som sker i proaktivt syfte. Detta skulle kunna ske genom att specialpedagogen gör återkommande besök i barngruppen men även genom att vara närvarande under pedagogernas avdelningsmöten. / The purpose of the study is to highlight preschool teacher’s perceptions of the role of the special educator in preschools. The purpose is addressed through the following questions: How do preschool teachers describe the role of the special educator in preschools? In what ways do preschool teachers believe that the special education can contribute to creating an inclusive environment in preschools? The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with seven active preschool teachers. Data processing was done through a thematic analysis, with a consistent influence from the relational perspective. The results largely show that preschool teachers describe the role of the special educator as primary supportive and that the special educator, with their specific competence, guides teachers in challenging situations. There is a consensus among preschool teachers that the special educator contributes to creating an inclusive environment mainly through remedial support measures in already occurring and challenging situations. However, there is a desire for the special educator to also be present in preventive support measures for inclusion, for example through planned visits that occur proactively. This could happen by the special educator making recurring visits to the children´s group but also by being present during the teacher´s departmental meetings.

Rapporter om mycket stillasittande och sämre folkhälsa lägger allt större fokus på våraarbetsplatser eftersom vi spenderar mycket tid där. En arbetsplats ska vara hälsofrämjande ocherbjuda friskvård, där vissa till och med kräver obligatorisk friskvård på arbetstid. Denna studieundersöker om det finns skillnader på hur personer uppfattar sin hälsa beroende på om de harobligatorisk friskvård eller inte. Vidare undersöks om de är mindre stillasittande, mer fysiskaktiva och mer motiverade till att utföra fysisk aktivitet. 61 respondenter svarade på en enkät,varav 23 respondenter hade obligatorisk friskvård på arbetstid. Enkäten innehöll förutomdemografiska frågor, självskattningsfrågor från tre skalor, Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale(SHIS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) och Intrinsic MotivationInventory (IMI). Resultaten behandlades i Jamovi och redovisades genom medelvärde ochspridningsmått i tabeller och diagram. För att testa signifikansen användes T-test för oberoendegrupper Mann-Whitney U-test och Welch’s t-test. Resultatet visade att respondenterna medobligatorisk friskvård på arbetstid skattade sig själva högre på en egenskattad skala om hälsa,än de som inte hade obligatorisk friskvård. Respondenterna med obligatorisk friskvård skattadesig också utföra mer fysisk aktivitet än de andra respondenterna. Dock hittades ingensignifikant skillnad i motivation eller stillasittande. Resultatet pekar på att arbetsplatser medobligatorisk friskvård bidrar till bättre upplevd hälsa och mer fysisk aktivitet hos sina anställdamen förebygger inte stillasittandet. / Reports of a lot of sedentary behaviour and poorer public health are putting more andmore focus on our workplaces because we spend a lot of time there. A workplace must behealth-promoting and offer wellness and exercise activities, with some even requiringmandatory wellness and exercise activities during working hours. This study examines whetherthere are differences in how people perceive their health depending on whether they havemandatory wellness and exercise activities or not. Furthermore, it is investigated whether theyare less sedentary, more physically active and more motivated to perform physical activity. 61respondents responded to a survey, of which 23 respondents had mandatory wellness andexercise activities during working hours. The survey contained, in addition to demographicquestions, self-assessment questions from three scales, the Salutogenic Health Indicator Scale(SHIS), the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Intrinsic MotivationInventory (IMI). The results were processed in Jamovi and reported through mean and variancemeasures in tables and diagrams. To test the significance, the Mann-Whitney U-test andWelch's t-test were used. The results showed that the respondents with mandatory wellness andexercise activities during working hours rated themselves higher on a self-rated scale abouthealth, than those who did not have mandatory wellness and exercise activities. Therespondents with mandatory wellness and exercise activities also rated themselves performingmore physical activity than the other respondents. However, no significant difference wasfound in motivation or sedentary behaviour. The results indicate that workplaces withmandatory wellness and exercise activities contribute to better perceived health and morephysical activity among their employees, but do not prevent sedentary behaviour.

No description available.

Mon sujet de thèse intègre l’un des projets globaux de l’UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement intitule « stratégies de phytoremédiation basées sur l’utilisation d’arbres et de microorganismes associés », qui s’appuie, entre autre, sur 2 projets de recherche :• le projet PROLIPHYT (programme Eco-Industrie, 2013-2018, ADEME) intitulé « PROduction de LIgneux PHYtoremédiants»,• le projet PHYTOCHEM (ANR CD2i, 2013-2018) intitulé « Développement de procédés chimiques éco-innovants pour valoriser les biomasses issues des phytotechnologies ».Les objectifs généraux sont d’améliorer le potentiel de phytoremédiation d’un panel d’espèces ligneuses et de développer le potentiel microbien pour une phytoremédiation aidée sur sol contaminé. En plus de limiter l’impact des polluants, cette stratégie vise à promouvoir la production de biomasse sur sols délaissés et non exploitables par l’agriculture, tout en assurant la biodiversité nécessaire à la restauration d’un écosystème anthropogénique.Mon travail de thèse est financé au travers un contrat doctoral ministériel handicap (dyslexie). Il s’appuie sur la réhabilitation de deux zones de stockage de sédiments industriels, utilisés jusque dans les années 2000. Ces deux sites expérimentaux (site INOVYN de St Symphorien-sur-Saône en Côte d’Or, site CRISTAL de l’Ochsenfeld en Alsace) présentent des caractéristiques physico-chimiques très particulières qui en font des lieux d’étude privilégiés. Le premier est une ancienne lagune de décantation dont les sédiments enrichis en Hg, Ba et As proviennent du traitement des eaux usées issues du procédé d’électrolyse à Hg de l’entreprise SOLVAY. Le second est une lagune constituée d’un remblai dans lequel ont été stockés depuis les années 1930, les résidus d’extraction du dioxyde de titane de l’Usine CRISTAL de Thann. A l’inverse du premier site expérimental, on observe une flore peu abondante qui se traduit par un développement hétérogène d’une espèce ligneuse principale, le bouleau.La recolonisation naturelle et spontanée de végétaux, plus particulièrement d’espèces ligneuses sur les deux sites est sans doute le résultat d’étroites collaborations avec des microorganismes telluriques situés aux abords de leur système racinaire. Nous avons ainsi choisi de travailler sur 3 espèces pionnières qui se sont naturellement réimplantées sur les deux sites d’études : le saule et le peuplier pour la friche industrielle de Tavaux et le bouleau pour l’unité de traitement des effluents du site de l’Ochsenfeld. / AbstractMy thesis subject includes one of the global projects of the UMR UFC/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement entitled "phytoremediation strategies based on the use of trees and associated microorganisms", which is based, among other things, on 2 research projects:• the PROLIPHYT project (Eco-Industry programme, 2013-2018, ADEME) entitled "Production of woody phytoremediants",• the PHYTOCHEM project (ANR CD2i, 2013-2018) entitled "Development of eco-innovative chemical processes to exploit biomasses from phytotechnologies".The general objectives are to improve the phytoremediation potential of a panel of woody species and to develop the microbial potential for assisted phytoremediation on contaminated soil. In addition to limiting the impact of pollutants, this strategy aims to promote the production of biomass on land abandoned and not exploitable by agriculture, while ensuring the biodiversity needed to restore an anthropogenic ecosystem.My thesis work is financed through a ministerial doctoral contract for disability (dyslexia). It is based on the rehabilitation of two industrial sediment storage areas, used until the 2000s. These two experimental sites (INOVYN site of Saint-Symphorien-sur-Saône in Côte-d'Or, CRISTAL site of Ochsenfeld in Alsace) present very particular physico-chemical characteristics which make them privileged places of study. The first is a former settling lagoon whose sediments enriched in Hg, Ba and As come from the treatment of wastewater from SOLVAY's Hg electrolysis process. The second is a lagoon consisting of a backfill in which the titanium dioxide extraction residues from the CRISTAL Thann Plant have been stored since the 1930s. In contrast to the first experimental site, there is a low abundance of flora which results in heterogeneous development of a main woody species, the birch.The natural and spontaneous recolonisation of plants, more particularly woody species on both sites, is undoubtedly the result of close collaboration with telluric microorganisms located near their root systems. We have thus chosen to work on 3 pioneer species that have naturally relocated to the two study sites: willow and poplar for the industrial wasteland of Tavaux and birch for the effluent treatment unit at the Ochsenfeld site.

This study investigated the factors affecting the teaching of English reading skills in a second language of Grade 3 learners in three primary schools, in Ongwediva town of Oshana Regional Education Directorate in Northern Namibia. It also investigated methods and approaches that were used to promote the teaching of reading in English as a second language and the linguistic environment of the classroom in which the teaching of reading occurs. Classroom environments were observed and telephonic interview was conducted with the circuit inspector of the three schools selected. Individual interviews were also done with the principals, Grade 3 teachers and Grade 3 learners of the three chosen schools. Focus group interview was also done with the same Grade 3 teachers. This study found out that insufficient reading books, poor teaching methods, insufficient teachers’ and learners’ interactions and overcrowded classrooms were some of the factors that made the teaching of reading unsuccessful. From the interviews of the circuit inspector, principals and teachers it was revealed that inadequate teacher training workshops for teachers teaching English reading, lack of parental involvement, low budget allocation to Primary Education and lack of reading capacity in vernacular affected the teaching of reading negatively. The outcome of learners’ interviews indicated that phonemic awareness and lack of comprehension created reading problems. Given the factors referred above, it is recommended that more interesting readers should be purchased to solve the shortage of reading materials. In addition, more effective teachers’ workshops should be given to strengthen the teachers’ approaches to reading skills development for Grade 3 learners. / M. Ed. (with specialisation in Early Childhood Development) / Educational Studies

The purpose of this study was to identify and describe factors that affect the utilisation of antenatal services by pregnant adolescents in Muheza district, Tanzania. Quantitative, descriptive study was used. The Andersen and Newman Framework of Health Services Utilisation were used as a conceptual framework. The study population consisted of 235 adolescents who delivered in the Muheza district while attending postnatal clinics and health centres providing reproductive health services between January 2012 and March 2012. The findings revealed a high percentage of under- utilisation of ANC due to low level of education, low individual and household income, inadequate knowledge about sexuality and poor attitudes towards reproductive health services as exemplified by low prevalence of contraceptive use. The distance from clinic, the use of family planning methods, source of antenatal care and having more than four children under 16 years were associated with adequate utilisation of antenatal services. Recommendations were made to promote antenatal services usage by pregnant adolescents in Tanzania. / Health Studies / M.A. (Public Health)

På grund av oroligheter i världen skedde under år 2015 en kraftig ökning av asylsökande, där ibland även ensamkommande barn. Ökning av ensamkommande barn medförde en boendeproblematik för Sveriges kommuner, vilket lett till behov av flertalet nyuppstartade HVB-hem. Det fanns ett intresse av att studerades hälsofrämjande aktiviteter i kontexten, detta för att förstå dem som en del av en hälsodiskursiv praktik. Detta gjordes utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på lärande, diskurs analys samt ett helhetsperspektiv på hälsa. Därav har studien genomförts som kvalitativ studie med inspiration ifrån etnografisk forskning. Deltagande observationer utfördes vid tre tillfällen. Observationerna utfördes på två olika avdelningar på ett HVB- hem för ensamkommande pojkar. Genom ett hälsopedagogiskt perspektiv var avsikten med studien att synliggöra hälsodiskurser och dess betydelse för ungdomarnas lärande och skapande av hälsa. Kategorierna för studiens analyserade resultat återspeglar de hälsofrämjande aktiviteter som observerades. Teman för diskussionsdelen framanalyserats med utgångspunkt i studiens valda teorier och utföll i följande sex kategorier: Tidspassning, Vi och dem, Laganda och att ha trevligt ihop, Minskad förtäring av sötsaker, Regelföljning och självständighet samt Dubbla budskap. Av resultatet framkom det att den rådande hälsodiskursen tycks bygga på ett omedvetet helhetsperspektiv på hälsa. Det framkommer genom personalens utsagor att en strävans finns mot att skapa förutsättningar för att ungdomarna att utvecklas till självständiga individer, dock strider detta mot vad som kan ses i den hälsodiskursiva praktiken. Därav kan det tänkas att hälsa är ett ämne som kan behöva lyftas i praktiken. Då det var svårt att hitta relevant forskning i ämnet tycks även behov finnas av att bedriva forskning kring hur insatser på HVB-hem bör utformas för att uppnå ökad självständighet hos ungdomarna. / 2015 saw a sharp rise in unaccompanied children seeking asylum. This is due to turmoil in many parts of the world. The rise has brought housing problems for Sweden’s municipalities, with more housing and treatment facilities started as a result. A study was conducted, motivated by ethnography research. Participants were observed on three occasions, in two separate wards in a HVB resident for unaccompanied boys. Health promoting activities were observed, to gain an understanding of them for use from a pedagogic perspective. This was done using a sociocultural perspective in teaching, study analysis, as well as health in general. Through a health discourse perspective, the purpose of the study was to analyze health awareness in the children. The categories for the analysed results reflected the health promoting activities that were encouraged during the study. The study was analysed using the following six categories Punctuality, Us and them, Team spirit and getting along, Reduced sugar consumption, Following rules and independence, as well as Double standards. The results showed that the current health discourse is founded on a subconsciously overall perspective on health. Housing and HVB resident staff have the aim to create possibilities for the children to develop into independent individuals. It can be seen as a field that needs to be improved in practice, through staff education. Relevant data is lacking, further research is needed into what action is required to help the children reach independence.