Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-02T13:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio de Souza Dias Dissertacao.pdf: 1130526 bytes, checksum: 33886098250a3d16ad0626a969014e45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-06 / Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nïvel Superior / The objective of this research was to analyze the diversity of nitrogen fixing bacteria associated and endophytic B. brizantha, study the potential the solubility of inorganic phosphates of iron and aluminum, produce acid-3-indole acetic (AIA) and to evaluate the effect of inoculation of these isolates in Brachiaria brizantha cv MG 05 Victoria. The bacteria were isolated from soil samples grown under Brachiaria and parts of plant tissue this grass, the dry and wet periods in the municipalities of Alfenas and Machado, southern Minas Gerais. Five semisolid culture media and semi-selective were used: FAM (Azospirillum amazonense), JMV (Burkholderia sp.), JNFb (Herbaspirillum spp.), LGI (A. amazonense) and NFb (Azospirillum spp.). The phosphate solubilization tests and AIA production were performed in vitro and were used as of 22 bacterial isolates selection criteria used in the inoculation of B. brizantha cv MG 5 Victoria, grown in pots containing 20 dm3 of soil. There were two cuts, in what form evaluated the following parameters: height (Al), width (LF) and leaf length (CF), number of tillers (NP), length (CR) and root dry mass (MSR) dry matter (DM), dry matter yield (PMS), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid (ADF) and crude protein in dry matter (PBMS). A total of 332 isolates were obtained, most endophytic. The greatest number and diversity were from the city of Alfenas. During the rainy season was verified greater number and diversity of isolates in both municipalities, when compared to the dry season. Thirty-five isolates solubilized iron phosphate and 78 produced AIA, especially the isolated UNIFENAS 100-17, 21, 40 and 78, able to do both simultaneously. The inoculation of nitrogen fixing strains of endophytic origin and rhizospheric influenced the development of B. brizantha cv MG 5 victory, contributing to the production of MS, PMS and PBMS in the two cutting heights highlighting the UNIFENAS-100-16 isolated, 21, PBMS 78 whose content was more than 7%. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a diversidade de bactérias diazotróficas associadas e endofíticas de Brachiaria brizantha, estudar o potencial destas em solubilizar fosfatos inorgânicos de ferro e alumínio, produzir ácido-3-indolacético (AIA) e avaliar o efeito da inoculação destes isolados em Brachiaria brizantha cv MG 05 Vitória. As bactérias foram isoladas de amostras de solos cultivados sob B. brizantha e partes de tecido vegetal desta gramínea, nos períodos seco e chuvoso, nos municípios de Alfenas e Machado, Sul de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados cinco meios de cultura semissólidos e semisseletivos: FAM (Azospirillum amazonense), JMV (Burkholderia sp.), JNFb (Herbaspirillum spp.), LGI (A. amazonense) e NFb (Azospirillum spp.). Os testes de solubilização de fosfato e produção de AIA foram realizados in vitro e foram utilizados como critério de seleção dos 22 isolados bacterianos utilizados na inoculação de B. brizantha cv MG 5 Vitória, cultivada em vasos contendo 20 dm3 de solo. Foram realizados dois cortes, em que foram avaliados os seguintes parâmetros: altura (Al), largura (LF) e comprimento da folha (CF), número de perfilhos (NP), comprimento (CR) e massa seca da raiz (MSR), matéria seca (MS), produtividade de matéria seca (PMS), fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e ácido (FDA) e a proteína bruta na matéria seca (PBMS). Foi obtido um total de 332 isolados, sendo a maioria endofíticos. O maior número e diversidade foram provenientes do município de Alfenas. No período chuvoso foi verificado maior número e diversidade de isolados em ambos os Municípios, quando comparado ao período da seca. Trinta e cinco isolados solubilizaram fosfato de ferro e 78 produziram AIA, destacando-se os isolados UNIFENAS 100-17, 21, 40 e 78, capazes de desempenhar ambas as funções simultaneamente. A inoculação de estirpes diazotróficas de origem endofíticas e rizosféricas influenciaram no desenvolvimento de B. brizantha cv MG 5 Vitória, contribuindo para a produção de MS, PMS e PBMS nas duas alturas de corte destacando-se os isolados UNIFENAS-100-16, 21, 78 cujo teor de PBMS foi superior a 7%.

The purpose of the study was to examine managers´ knowledge, experience and perceptions of a municipality's security-promotion work and its significance for the overall experience security in the municipality.   Insecurity among residents is a major challenge for a municipality. It can lead to impaired public health, which long term affects many individuals. Insecurity and security are often linked to a socially sustainable society and should equal for all. Therefore, it is of great importance for the development of society that basic needs such as security are part of the security promotion work that is carried out.   The study used a qualitative method with four semi-structured interviews. The data was transcribed and analyzed by a thematic analysis method.   Results showed that the managers expressed a unified view that the perceived insecurity was perceived as vague and without foundation as the statistics show no increase in crime. Based on different social groups, insecurity is perceived and perceived differently. The municipality of Söderhamn has put security-promoting work high on the agenda, in order to increase the safety of the people in the municipality. By having a common sense and a greater understanding of the words used, conditions are created to reduce misunderstanding and ambiguity.   However, it is important to prioritize security-promoting work for the sustainable development of municipalities and it needs clarity in collaboration between administrations. It is also of the utmost importance that all administrations work together based on what is prioritized.   Keywords: safety-promoting work, insecurity, security and experienced feelings.

Since the entrance of the covid-19 pandemic in Sweden, Swedish upper secondary schools have partly or fully passed on to distance studies. The aim of this study is to find out what social support and health-promoting activities the pupils wish to participate in during distance studies. Quantitative methods have been used by carrying out online surveys among students in upper secondary schools. The data consists of 273 respondents from 14 different schools in Sweden. Social capital theories have been used to interpret the collected data. The results show that pupils' experiences of distance studies during the pandemics are overall negative. The three aspects that are reported most negatively by the pupils themselves, are their school motivation, their sense of fellowship and their physical activity. Concerning social support, the results show that pupils born in Sweden feel they have a broader social support network than pupils born elsewhere. The results also display that one out of three pupils probably would participate in conversational support with the school counselor during distance studies. The need for motivational and advisory conversations are the highest. Ultimately the results demonstrate that support and health-promoting activities are most wanted within the topics mental health, eating habits and physical activity. Examples of support and activities that are highly in demand are workshops about handling stress and anxiety, collective lunches with peers and physical activity in small groups. The analysis show that factors such as gender and ethnical background affect the pupils’ choices of support and activity. / Sedan covid19-pandemins intåg i Sverige har de svenska gymnasieskolorna helt eller delvis övergått till distansstudier. Syftet med denna studie är att ta reda på vilken typ av psykosocialt stöd samt vilka hälsofrämjande aktiviteter eleverna önskar att ta del av under distansstudier. Kvantitativ metod har använts genom att genomföra webbenkäter bland gymnasieelever. 273 respondenter från 14 skolor i Sverige utgör datat. Teorier inom socialt kapital har använts för att tolka det insamlade materialet. Resultatet visar att elevernas upplevelse av distansstudier under pandemin är övergripande negativ. De tre livsaspekter som påverkats mest negativt enligt eleverna är deras skolmotivation, känsla av gemenskap och deras fysiska aktivitet. Vad gäller socialt stöd visar resultatet att inrikesfödda upplever att de har ett bredare socialt stöd än utrikesfödda. Resultatet visar att en av tre elever troligtvis skulle ta del av samtalsstöd under distansstudier och det råder mest behov av motivations- och rådgivningssamtal. Slutligen visar resultatet att eleverna önskar mest stöd och hälsofrämjande aktiviteter inom teman psykisk hälsa, matvanor och fysisk aktivitet. Exempel på stöd och aktiviteter som är eftertraktade är workshops om stress och ångesthantering, gemensamma luncher och fysisk aktivitet i liten grupp. Analysen visar att faktorer som kön och etnisk bakgrund påverkar elevernas val av stöd och aktiviteter.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis investigated the education support services provided by occupational therapists, physiotherapists and speech and language therapists in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Changes in the education policy in South Africa to an inclusive education system have major implications for the way therapists provide support. Therapists have been challenged to move from a medical model of support with a focus on highly specialised treatment for a small number of individual learners with disabilities, to a systemic and health promoting model which focuses on support for the education system, including all learners, teachers and parents. The aim of this research was to develop an appropriate and integrated approach for therapists to support schools within an inclusive and health promoting schools framework in South Africa. Participatory action research using quantitative and qualitative methodology was used. Two surveys were conducted in the Western Cape Province. The first was a survey of all therapists to determine who was working with pre-school and school-aged learners and where. The second survey was of all therapists working in special schools and a small number of private practitioners to identify the roles of the therapists in providing direct and indirect support. In two of the seven education districts in the province, focus group discussions were held with 45 teachers from special and ordinary schools, and 21 parents of school-aged learners - to identify the support they needed. Workshops, incorporating focus groups, were also held with the therapists to, firstly, identify the support they needed to give to learners, teachers, parents and the education system and, secondly, to identify the competencies they needed to give this support. The data from the surveys were subjected to simple descriptive statistical analysis. These analyses reveal that therapists have a very wide range of roles relating to direct support, including: assessment, intervention with individual learners and learners in groups, and evaluation. Interventions include the development of hearing, speech and communication skills; skills for activities of daily living; life skills; home management skills; work related skills; motor function skills; and play and leisure skills. Therapists from different disciplines frequently provide the same type of support. Indirect support provided includes support for the schools system, teachers and parents. Thirty six percent of the therapists in this study want to increase the proportion of time they spent on indirect support. The study also revealed that multidisciplinary collaboration and teamwork were Teachers involved in the study identified that they need an enormous amount of support in fulfilling their crucial roles in identifying barriers to learning; identifying the support learners need; and addressing the barriers. This includes the need for support to teach a diverse group of learners; adapting content, presentation and evaluation of the curriculum; adapting the physical environment; accepting new roles of teachers and therapists; making changes to the school system; developing relationships with the parents; addressing challenges related to socio-economic problems; networking with the community; facilitating positive attitudes to diversity; developing supportive relationships with therapists; and further training poorly developed. Teachers involved in the study identified that they need an enormous amount of support in fulfilling their crucial roles in identifying barriers to learning; identifying the support learners need; and addressing the barriers. This includes the need for support to teach a diverse group of learners; adapting content, presentation and evaluation of the curriculum; adapting the physical environment; accepting new roles of teachers and therapists; making changes to the school system; developing relationships with the parents; addressing challenges related to socio-economic problems; networking with the community; facilitating positive attitudes to diversity; developing supportive relationships with therapists; and further training. Parents in this study indicated that they need access to education and support for their children, including direct support for their children; effective means of communicating with their children; specific competencies to facilitate caring for their children; emotional support; advocates to work with them in support of their children addressing environmental physical and attitudinal barriers, and developing a supportive community; and supportive relationships with therapists.

Bakgrund: Patienter med psykisk ohälsa har en högre överdödlighet i fysiska sjukdomar jämfört med populationen i stort. Dessa individer drabbas oftare av somatiska problem då denna patientgrupp har en sjukdomsbörda som är förknippad med en större förekomst av primära beteendemässiga risker för kronisk sjukdom förorsakade av levnadsvanor och livsstil. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa specialistsjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att stödja hälsofrämjande livsstilsförändringar hos patienter i psykiatrisk öppenvård. Metod: Kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats har använts. Datamaterialet har analyserats med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Psykiatrisjuksköterskor inom vuxenpsykiatrisk öppenvård har intervjuats i Region Skåne. Nio stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts. Resultat: Resultaten visar på följande kategorier: vikten av en bärande relation, betydelsen av kompetens och resurser samt nödvändigheten av riktlinjer och verktyg. Slutsats: Genom att bygga en allians och skapa en mellanmänsklig relation med patienten utformas strategier för motivation till livsstilsförändringar där patientens egna resurser främjas. Från sjuksköterskornas sida efterfrågas det ett mer strukturerat arbetssätt för att säkerhetsställa patientens rättighet till likvärdig vård bland annat genom att arbeta fram ett gemensamt verktyg för det hälsofrämjande arbetet gällande livsstilsförändringar. / Background: Patients with mental illness have a higher mortality rate from physical illnesses compared to the general population. These individuals are more likely to suffer from somatic problems as this patient group has a disease burden that is associated with a greater incidence of primary behavioral risks of chronic disease caused by poor lifestyle. Aim: The aim of this study was to shed light the master level mental health nurse's experiences of supporting health-promoting lifestyle changes for patients in psychiatric outpatient services. Method: Qualitative method with inductive approach has been used. The data material has been analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Psychiatric nurses in adult psychiatric outpatient care have been interviewed in Region Skåne. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. Results: The results show the following categories: the importance of a core relationship, the importance of skills and resources and the necessity ofguidelines and tools. Conclusion: By building an alliance and creating an interpersonal relationship with the patient shapes strategies for motivation for lifestyle changes where the patient's own resources are promoted. The nurses demand a more structured way of working to ensure the patient's right to equal care, among other things by working out a common tool for the health-promoting work regarding lifestyle changes.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att identifiera vad olika ledare gör för att främja medarbetarnas hälsa när medarbetarna både arbetar på kontor och på distans. Problemformulering: Vad gör ledare för att främja hälsan för medarbetarna under hybridformer? Metod: Det här är en tvärsnittsstudie som behandlar fenomenet hälsofrämjande ledarskap under hybridformer med en deduktiv forskningssats och där datainsamling har skett genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Slutsats: Studien visade vad ledare gör för att anpassa sitt ledarskap för att kunna främja hälsan för sina medarbetare under hybridformer. Ledarna i vår studie kompletterade varandra genom olika strategier och tillvägagångssätt för att kunna besvara problemformuleringen. / Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to identify what different leaders do to promote coworkers' health when coworkers work both in the office and remote. Statement of problem: What do leaders do to promote coworkers' health in hybrid forms?  Method: This is a cross-sectional study that deals with the phenomenon of health-promoting leadership under hybrid forms with a deductive research approach and where data was collected through qualitative semi-structured interviews. Conclusion: The study identified what leaders do to adjust their leadership in order to promote health for their coworkers. The leaders in our study complemented each other through different approaches in order to answer the statement of problem.

L'agricoltura moderna sta affrontando sfide come la perdita di fertilità del suolo, la variabilità climatica e gli attacchi di agenti patogeni in continuo aumento. Le pratiche agricole si stanno evolvendo verso sistemi sostenibili e rispettosi dell'ambiente. L'uso di biostimolanti (PBS, plant biostimulant) è una soluzione innovativa per affrontare le sfide di un’agricoltura sostenibile che garantisce un assorbimento ottimale dei nutrienti, una resa delle colture e tolleranza agli stress abiotici. In particolare, tra i diversi tipi di biostimolanti presenti sul mercato, i rizobatteri, classificati come Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), offrono un nuovo approccio per promuovere la crescita delle piante, la mitigazione degli stress e l’aumento della resa colturale. Pertanto i PGPR sono considerati come una sorta di "probiotici" vegetali, poiché contribuiscono in modo efficiente alla nutrizione e all'immunità delle piante. L'obiettivo principale di questa tesi è isolare e identificare batteri presenti nella rizosfera di pomodoro (Solanum lycopersicum L.) che mostrano proprietà PBS, nonché valutare i meccanismi coinvolti nell'azione di promozione della crescita delle piante (Capitolo 2) e la genetica alla base di questi meccanismi (Capitolo 3 e 4). Infatti, una profonda comprensione dei meccanismi d’azione dei PGPR potrebbe colmare la mancanza di coerenza del dato di efficacia tra gli studi di laboratorio e gli studi in campo e stimolare la ricerca per la produzione e la commercializzazione di nuovi prodotti biostimolanti microbici. / Modern agriculture faces challenges such as loss of soil fertility, fluctuating climatic factors and increasing pathogen and pest attacks. Agricultural practices have been evolving towards organic, sustainable and environmentally friendly systems. The use of natural plant biostimulants (PBS) is an innovative solution to address the challenges in sustainable agriculture, to ensure optimal nutrient uptake, crop yield, quality and tolerance to abiotic stress. In particular, among different types of biostimulants present on the market, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) offer a novel approach for promoting plant growth, mitigate stress and increase crop yield. Hence, PGPR inoculants are now considered as a kind of plant ‘probiotics’, since they efficiently contribute to plant nutrition and immunity. The main goal of this thesis was to isolate and identify bacteria symbionts of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) rhizosphere, which showed PBS properties and evaluate mechanism involved in the action of PGPR (Chapter 2), underlying genetics and physiological pathways (Chapter 3 and 4). Indeed, a deeply understanding of the mechanisms of plant growth promotion, could fulfill the lack of consistency between lab, greenhouse and field studies, and support commercialization of novel plant biostimulant products.

Promoting equal opportunity - competition "Office of the 2009". The theme of this thesis is the competition "Fifty-fifty" - respect for equal opportunities of women and men that emerged at the initiative of NGO Gender Studies, o.p.s. and the Ministry of Interior. The theoretical part focuses on the theoretical foundations and legislative basis of equal opportunities for women and men. I also represent an institutional apparatus that may serve as the basis when asserting the equal opportunities, including basic documents. I also refer to the non-state sector activities and individual types of instruments for promoting equal opportunities. For the context of the competition, the activities of the coordinator of gender equality issues in the Ministry of Interior, which are also the part of the theoretical part, are also important. The empirical part focuses mainly on the methodology of the survey which I used when setting up a new questionnaire for the purposes of the competition. It is the setting of the improved questionnaire that would enable easy evaluation is also the goal of my thesis.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Health professionals worldwide are currently inadequately trained to address the health issues of communities, particularly in developing countries where there are major health disparities. This study argues for an alternative and more appropriate education, one which would better prepare future health professionals to address these needs. The study draws attention to how the University of the Western Cape (UWC) responded to preparing its health professional graduates to better meet the needs of South African society. The thesis explores the rationale for a shift in health professions education to one which supports service-learning, locating the study within the broader developments in higher education within South Africa. The specific aim of this thesis was to evaluate a community-based interdisciplinary health promotion course offered to the undergraduate health sciences students from the faculties of Community and Health Sciences and Dentistry at the University of the Western Cape (UWC). It focused on evaluating the perceived effectiveness and the impact on the stakeholders of the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course, with the aim of developing an appropriate framework to guide the teaching of health promotion at higher education institutions in South Africa. Ten primary schools in three disadvantaged communities in the Western Cape were used as the health promotion settings for the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course. The study design was a programme evaluation that used the explanatory sequential mixed-methods design. An evaluation matrix was developed, consisting of three core concepts (curriculum, community-based learning, and university-school collaboration) against which the course was evaluated. Indicators and criteria were developed for each core concept. Questionnaires were distributed to all the stakeholders, that is, the university students, the lecturers, the supervisors and the school educators, involved in the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion Course during 2006. Focus group discussions with the stakeholders were also conducted at the UWC campus and in the Delft community. There was a good response from all the stakeholders who participated in the study (students (72.4%), lecturers (85%), supervisors (100%) and school educators (71.5%)). A main finding of the study was that the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course was relevant and up-to-date with developments in the field of health promotion. Course topics were dealt with in sufficient depth and the assignments were clear, specific and related to the course outcomes. The interdisciplinary teaching and learning approach allowed the university students to learn and develop a better understanding of the roles and contributions that the various professions played in health promotion in a community. The course was perceived as having been of value to all the stakeholders and having a positive impact on the schools. The findings revealed that the health promotion projects implemented in the schools helped the university students to learn how to plan, implement and evaluate a project in a community setting. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the schools offered an ideal placement for university students to learn about health promotion and its application. In addressing a concern about the course not making any meaningful long-term impact on the schools and the surrounding communities, the study showed that it is important to revisit the current teaching and learning approach of the Interdisciplinary Health Promotion course. It revealed that service-learning as an alternative to the field education approach would facilitate a closer relationship between theoretical and practical knowledge, where the practical application was translated into a service that met the needs of a community. The study further revealed that the collaboration model between the university and the school also needed to be reconceptualized, to include all the stakeholders as well as their needs in relation to health promotion in the schools. It was recommended that the Health Promoting School framework should be seen as the overarching framework for the sustainability of school-based health promotion. In conclusion, this study showed that the recognition and establishment of university community partnerships and reliance upon them in the educational process, would provide many new opportunities for relevant and meaningful health professional education and training. These efforts would contribute to improving the quality of higher education delivered to students, thereby ensuring their competency to better meet the needs of the communities they will serve.

Anyone who understands MI as a process may spontaneously think that five weeks of MI conversations may be a little short of time to be able to see a clear effect. At least that was my spontaneous thought. This was precisely the starting point of the study, which further led to the purpose of the study, i.e. to evaluate MI as a conversation method and see how effective the method is over a five-week period in a health and lifestyle-related behavior change. The aim is further specified by two questions: How has the health-related behavior changed during five weeks of MI-sessions based on the transtheoretical model? How has motivation changed over five weeks of MI-sessions? In order to answer the purpose and questions, MI- sessions with four female clients have been conducted over five weeks. In order to measure the effect of the MI-sessions, the clients during their first and last call answered scale questions intended to measure the client's motivation. In addition, each conversation has been documented in writing by me as conversation leader, where the most essential parts of the conversation have been noted to make it possible to follow the client's development in the transtheoretical model. The result showed that MI contributed to a strengthened intrinsic motivation as well as progress in the transtheoretical model as a result of a five-week period of MI-sessions. Through the study, it can be concluded that five weeks of MI-sessions are enough to strengthen the inner motivation and develop in the transtheoretical model. / Den som är införstådd i MI som process kanske spontant tänker att fem veckor av MI-samtal kan vara lite kort om tid för att kunna se en klar effekt. Det var åtminstone min spontana tanke. Just detta blev studiens utgångpunkt som vidare ledde fram till syftet med studien d.v.s. att utvärdera MI som samtalsmetod och se hur effektiv metoden är under en femveckorsperiod vid en hälso- och livsstilsrelaterad beteendeförändring. Syftet specificeras vidare av två frågeställningar: Hur har det hälsorelaterade beteendet förändrats under fem veckor av MI- samtal utifrån den transteoretiska modellen? Hur har motivationen förändrats under fem veckor av MI-samtal? För att besvara syftet och frågeställningarna har MI-samtal med fyra kvinnliga klienter genomförts under fem veckor. För att mäta effekten av MI-samtalen har klienterna under sitt första och sista samtal besvarat skalfrågor som avser mäta klientens motivation. Dessutom har varje samtal dokumenterats i skrift av mig som samtalsledare där samtalets mest väsentliga delar noterats för att göra det möjligt att följa klientens utveckling i den transteoretiska modellen. Resultatet visade att MI bidrog till en stärkt inre motivation samt framsteg i den transteoretiska modellen till följd av en femveckorsperiod av MI-samtal. Genom studien kan man dra slutsatsen att fem veckor av MI-samtal räcker gott för att stärka den inre motivationen samt utvecklas i den transteoretiska modellen.