This thesis is an examination of contemporary artist Mariko Mori's use of fashion in her work from 1993 to 2001. Contained within her sartorial phrasing is an involved relationship with the body, female and Japanese, as it exists within technological modernity. Tumult characterizes Mori's body as she images it early on in her career. This highly alienating space in which she positions herself gradually transitions to a space of respite for the performative body of another actor by 2001's Wave UFO. Wave UFO creates a mediated space for healing the modern body plagued with isolation through transcendence provided by technological means. Minimalist fashion, as a kind of plastic mechanization of corporeal experience, helps to accomplish this healing. Mori's Wave UFO attendant costumes present minimalist fashion as a location for reconciling spiritual identity in a postmodern age. The flat-panel costumes have the effect of disfiguring the bodies of the attendants into amorphous plasticized shells (much like the backdrop of the Wave UFO) and mechanizing the movements of the wearer. The sleek technological sensibility of the costumes, in conjunction with the stark sterility of the immersive Wave UFO interior, are the culminating expression of the ambivalent liminality Mori's body takes from 1993-1999. This is a body that floats between absence and presence, self and other. This thesis begins with a survey of Mori's 1990s work, including her 1994 self-portrait series that launched the artist into international recognition. The 1993-94 self-portraits present a playful mimicry and a self-aware exploration of regional dress as it is found on the streets of Tokyo. By the end of the decade the play shifts to minimalist self-denial that achieves a transcendence of the imaged body once grounded in the urban self-portraits. After exploring necessary and appropriate contexts of Japanese fashion and other cultural contexts, the thesis culminates in an extended analysis of Mori's 2001 Wave UFO installation. Mori's suggestion that technology can achieve transcendence of the body furthers the theorization that minimalist fashion overcomes the physical and ideological boundaries of human existence in a modern world.

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The main aim of public art is to be avaliable and accessible to all. Public art is often connected to social and economical intentions in so far as its presence in the public space ought to benefit the general public. To ensure access to good art, rules and regulations determine the commissioning and procurement of public art. Councils work collaboratively to reach a unified and collective assessment of its quality. This essay argues that the legal framework nevertheless overlooks important aspects of how the quality assessment of public art succeeds in attaining its general status, where this status must co-exist with the fact that aesthetic judgements are grounded in subjective experience. The essay sets out to offer constructive recommendations for how the process surrounding such qualitative assessment of art for public space ought to work.  In order to examine the quality assessment of public art, and the ways such qualities is said to be guaranteed, I will use the competition West Link: Chronotopia (2017) as a case study. I will analyze the conditions under which the jury's assessment of the winning contribution for a new train station at Korsvägen in Gothenburg was made. By extrapolating Immanuel Kant's theory of aesthetic judgements (Critique of Judgement, 1790) I will show how aesthetic judgements can lay claim to the general validity while being rooted in subjective experience. To bridge this seemingly contradiction, I will examine the notion of sensus communis in relation to the case study.  The result of the essay shows that assessment of art depends largely on our abilities to communicate subjective appreciation. The legal framework turns out to have only a secondary role and does not limit how a jury motivates its assessment of the work's aesthetic qualities. Instead it encourages the jury in subjective reflection on the work's qualities.  The essay concludes by defending the claim that there is a pressing need to make more visible the role of aesthetic judgement in the quality assessment process of public art. Assessing with general validity must be grounded in the artwork's own premises, as manifested in our subjective impressions of them. Social communication is especially encouraged, and enables human beings to trust their own thoughts and feelings in balance with those of others. This essay thus defends the idea that public art, as an object of aesthetic judgement, has a very important role to play in our society.

Detta examensarbete är skrivet inom informationsdesign med inriktning rumslig gestaltning. Studiens syfte har varit att utforska hur offentliga konsten kan bidra vid navigationen i en komplex exteriör miljöer. I detta fall ett bostadsområde utanför Strängnäs med likartad bebyggelse. Observationen har varit den avgörande faktorn vid val av plats och ämnesområde. Med en avsaknad av konst eller andra rumsliga attribut, som skapar identifikation, har besökare och förbipasserande haft svårare att orientera sig vid den observerade platsen. Arbetet presenterar tillvägagångssättet och resultaten som ligger som grund för gestaltningsförslaget. Den vetenskapliga förankringen vilar på empirisk data, litteraturstudier samt utförda metoder.  Metoderna som utförts i studien är platsanalys, observation, kvantitativ och kvalitativ intervju, omvärldsanalys, fokusgruppsarbete, prototyparbete i samverkan med fokusgrupp, och eget idégenererande vid gestaltande.  Platsens behov och rörelsemönster har observerats och analyserats. Fakta kring offentlig konsts tillblivelse och vad den kan bidra med har tagits fram genom intervju, litteratur samt med fokusgruppens samverkan. Gestaltningen föreslår hur offentlig konst kan underlätta navigation i bostadsområden av detta slag. Samt undersöker vilken slags gestaltning som kan vara mera gynnsamt för platsen i detta sammanhang. Gestaltningsförslaget presenteras genom bilder, text och kartor. Ambitionen genom detta arbete har varit att ta vara på informationsdesignens olika kvaliteter till en helhet av värde. / This thesis is written in information design with a focus on spatial design. The purpose of the study has been to explore how public art can contribute to navigation in a complex exterior environment. In this case, a residential area outside Strängnäs with similar buildings. The observation has been the decisive factor when choosing a place and subject area. With a lack of art or other spatial attributes, which create identification, visitors and passers-by have had more difficulty orienting themselves at the observed site. The work presents the approach and results that form the basis for the design proposal. The scientific basis is based on empirical data, literature studies and performed methods. The methods performed in the study are site analysis, observation, quantitative and qualitative interview, external analysis, focus group work, prototype work in collaboration with focus group, and own idea generation in design. The site's needs and movement patterns have been observed and analyzed. Facts about the creation of public art and what it can contribute have been produced through interviews, literature and with the focus group's collaboration. The design suggests how public art can facilitate navigation in residential areas of this kind. And examines what kind of design can be more favorable for the place in this context. The design proposal is presented through pictures, text and maps. The ambition through this work has been to take advantage of the various qualities of information design to a whole of value.

L’art public se présente sous divers modes d’expression artistique dans l’espace public. Qu’il soit permanent, temporaire ou éphémère, qu’il soit singulier, interactif ou participatif, qu’il soit traditionnel ou numérique, l’œuvre intégrée ou insérée dans ce contexte tente d’interpeller le public. Cette recherche examine l’évolution des modes d’expression artistique dans l’espace public, dans l’espoir de trouver une définition de l’art public. L’étude de cas de la Ville de Montréal est la base de cette recherche pour examiner les nombreuses manifestations de l’art dans l’espace public et ses périmètres. Dans une perspective conceptuelle et transdisciplinaire, sous lesquels nous considérons les approches artistiques, paysagères et politiques dans l’analyse du sujet, nous nous intéressons aux frontières des modes d’expression artistique et les moyens de les représenter. En somme, nous souhaitons saisir ce que l’on considère comme l’art public dans l’aménagement urbain montréalais et générer des connaissances plus générales. Notre revue de littérature et les observations faites sur le terrain révèlent de nouveaux enjeux qui influencent les pratiques artistiques et la perception que peut susciter une œuvre d’art public aujourd’hui. Nous examinons les facteurs qui les influencent à ce jour. En étudiant la question, nous constatons que la tâche de définir ce qui constitue l'art public est difficile, d'autant plus que les pratiques évoluent constamment. Souvent définie comme une fonction plus cosmétique qu’artistique et dans une logique d'équipement, l'art dans l'espace public joue un rôle passif et fait l'objet de débats et de critiques. Pour le public, l'art public est difficile à discerner bien que sa présence semble être appréciée. Nos résultats mettent en lumière la complexité des processus politiques, les attentes spécifiques, les règles et modalités oppressantes pour l'artiste, la difficulté à saisir les œuvres d'art et le manque de médiatisation pour sensibiliser le public. Avec la politique d'intégration, l’art dans les espaces publics résulte souvent d'une médiation conflictuelle dans un rapport de compromis et d’attentes contrastées afin que soit réalisée une œuvre. Les résultats permettent de penser que les processus de sélection sont souvent pervers et fermés aux initiatives artistiques. En outre, il serait nécessaire dans ce contexte que les artistes définissent mieux leur statut professionnel et leur pratique. Malgré des efforts du Bureau d'art public de Montréal, l'art public semble peu perçu sur son territoire. Par ailleurs, les nombreuses discussions avec le grand public portent à l'attention l'absence de médiatisation pour les arts publics sur le territoire de Montréal. / Public art comes in various modes of artistic expression in the public space. In this context, whether it is permanent, temporary or ephemeral, if it is singular, interactive or participatory, whether traditional or digital, the integrated or inserted artwork attempts to engage the public. This research examines the evolution of artistic expression modes in the public space, hoping to find a definition of public art. The case study of Montreal City sits at the base of this study to examine the various manifestations of art in the public space and its perimeter. In a conceptual and transdisciplinary approach under which we consider the artistic, political and the landscape boundaries of artistic expression modes and the means to represent them, in order to understand the significance of public art. In short, we wish to seize what is considered public art in the Montreal urban development and generate a more global knowledge. In studying the issue, we find that the task of defining what constitutes public art is difficult, especially since practices are constantly evolving. Often defined to a function more cosmetic than artistic and in a logic of equipment, art in public space plays a passive role and is the subject of debates and criticism. As for the public, public art is hard to discern although its presence seems to be appreciated. Our results highlight the complex political processes, specific expectations, rules, and oppressive methods for the artist, the difficulty in understanding the works of art and the lack of effort to touch the public. With the politics of integration, art in public spaces often result from a mediation conflict in a relation of compromise and contrasted expectations for a piece of art to be achieved. The results allow to think that the selection processes are often perverse and often closed to artistic initiatives. In addition, it is necessary in this context that artists define their professional status and practice. Despite the efforts of the Bureau d’Art Public de Montréal, public art seems to be little perceived on its territory. Incidentally, many discussions with the general public brought to the attention the absence of mediatisation for the public arts on Montreal’s territory.

Des quelques 850 œuvres acquises par les écoles primaires et secondaires du Québec depuis les années 1980, en vertu de la Politique d’intégration des arts à l’architecture, il semble que peu d’entre elles s’adressent aux publics, enfant et adulte, qui les côtoient. La compréhension des enfants n’est pas toujours prise en compte dans le choix des œuvres commandées par un comité adulte. De même, lorsque les jeunes les rencontrent, leur sentiment spontané peut être refoulé par l’interprétation qu’en fait l’autorité – éducateur, surveillant ou parent – au profit d’un sens induit par la culture d’une société de droit. On remarque alors que le regard de l’enfant qui le pousse vers l’œuvre pour en parfaire la connaissance par l’expérience de ses sens – vision, toucher, audition, spatialité – est discrédité par celui de l’adulte qui a pour mission d'instruire et de socialiser l’élève en l’amenant à adopter un certain civisme. Comparant la volonté institutionnelle inscrite dans les textes législatifs et les rapports des comités d’intégration des œuvres à l’architecture, en amont, et les comportements et discours des enfants et adultes autour des œuvres, en aval, l’aperception des enfants dans le système scolaire peut être mise en adéquation avec l’aperception des œuvres intégrées aux écoles. L’enfant et l’œuvre dans l’institution sont-ils considérés pour eux-mêmes ou ne sont-ils vus par l’adulte qu’à travers une projection idéelle de ce qu’ils doivent être? Ainsi sera étudiée, théoriquement et empiriquement, la place laissée à l’enfant comme à l’œuvre dans l’espace scolaire afin de déterminer l’autonomie de chacun dans la relation avec l’adulte. Les théories de l’expérience matérielle, le pragmatisme deweyen et le socioconstructivisme vygotskien permettront de mettre en doute le constructivisme, le behaviorisme et le prétendu socioconstructivisme mis en œuvre dans l’institution. Par le biais de l’étude, il est compris que l’œuvre est synonyme de la place de l’enfant dans l’espace scolaire. L’adulte réserve à l’enfant, tout comme à l’œuvre, une place légitimant la sienne. À l’inverse, l’enfant intègre l’espace à sa représentation sans discrimination innée de genre, d’espèce ou de forme, comprenant l’œuvre comme lui-même. / Of the 850 pieces of art integrated to the elementary and secondary schools in Quebec since the 1980’s following the Politique d’intégration des arts à l’architecture, rare are the ones that seem to address their public, young and adult. The child’s comprehension is not always taking into account when the adult comity chooses the pieces of art. Equally, when the youths meet the art, their spontaneous affect can be turned by the interpretation of the authority – educator, supervisor or parent – in favor to a meaning induce by the culture of the Law Society. It is then noticed that the view of the child which drives him towards the piece of art to develop his knowledge of it through the experiment of his senses – vision, touch, hearing, spatiality – is discredited by the view of the adult who has a mission to impart knowledge to students and foster their social development by bringing them to civil manners. Comparing the institutional willingness written down into legislative material and the reports of the art integration comity upstream and the behaviors and discourses of the youths and adults around the pieces of art downstream, the child’s apperception in the scholar system can be uncovered in its relevance to the apperception of the art integrated to the schools. Are the child and the piece of art in the institution considered for themselves or are they solely seen by the adult through a mindful projection of what they ought to be? Thus will be studied theoretically and empirically the place left both to the child and the piece of art in the school space in order to see everyone’s autonomy in their relation with the adult. Material experience theories, Dewey’s pragmatism and Vygotsky’s socioconstructivism will allow to call into question the constructivism, behaviorism and so-called socioconstructivism implemented in the institution. Through this study, it is understand that the piece of art is a synonym of the child’s place in the school space. The adult considers both for what they legitimate his own place. The child integrates both human and art to the space of his own representation without any discrimination in gender, specie nor form, comprising them as his own self.

This essay explores how artwork in the public space can be analysed, conceptualized and described by bringing attention to site. Through an analysis of artworks in the yearly art exhibition of Fittja Open 2011, the essay draws attention to site-specific art and structures of power. The principal aim is to present not only the exhibition of Fittja Open 2011 but also other artwork in the public sphere in Fittja, a suburb to Stockholm. From this point of departure other interests evolve that concerns the "image" of Fittja. The analysis, based on research in art history, architecture, ethnology and philosophy as well as qualitative interviews, also focuses on understanding the role of site and the relations between art practice, institutions and site. The result shows that there are problems with a ruptured interface between the artwork and site. The claim made throughout the thesis is that artwork in the public sphere of Fittja need to be sensitive to the conflicted issue of public space in order not to reproduce stereotypes. Despite the knowledge and insight about its local art situation, the study also points out certain insensibility on behalf of Botkyrka konsthall as regards social status and class.

Projeto de investigação transdiciplinar com ênfase nas atuais abordagens dialógicas estabelecidas entre arte e esfera pública. Discute o estatuto contemporâneo da Arte Pública e decorrentes hibridizações bem como do museu como espaço de investigação e interlocução artística, com base em ações e experiências processuais e colaborativas. Desenvolve procedimentos inspirados nas práticas museais, tendo os imaginários urbanos como território de análise, confi gurando novas arqueologias da memória urbana contemporânea. Do espetáculo à experiência da cidade, passa-se às diferenças entre visualidade e visibilidade, passa-se da cidade ao lugar. Opera-se uma distinção entre visualidade e visibilidade, entre recepção e percepção, entre comunicação e informação. Em todas essas diferenças se produzem metamorfoses do olhar. / Transdisciplinary research project focused on contemporary dialogic aproach based on art and public sphere. It discusses the role of contemporary Public Arte and current hybridizations as well as the museum as a research\'s space and artistic conversation. It develops procedures inspired on museum practices and it has the urban imaginaries as territories of analyses, confi gurating new archeologys of contemporary urban memory. From the spectacle to the city\'s experience, it pass through differences betwenn visuality and visibility, the city and the site. It operates a distinction between visuality and visibility, reception and perception, communication and information. In all those differences metamorphosys of the look are produced.

A praia urbana circunscreve um tipo de espaço dotado de um mecanismo flexível para a negociação entre pessoas e lugares, economias e culturas, arquiteturas e cidade, diferenciando-se de estruturas urbanas mais estáveis definidas por edifícios ou infraestruturas. A organização da cidade e a valorização da experiência urbana pode encontrar mais recursos nos fluxos da praia. Fluidez, mobilidade, feedback espontâneo e não-linearidade oferecem alternativas para a estabilidade, a previsibilidade, ou a racionalidade da cidade. Praiapaisagem identifica um espaço caracterizado por uma superfície dinâmica, onde as ações humanas estão em constante transformação, gerando um campo de possibilidades em face à estagnação da vida urbana. Com o olhar situado na complexa experiência da praia este estudo estabelece como hipótese uma matriz para novas direções do desenho urbano como tática espontânea, contestando as convenções da prática tradicional. A praia é aqui entendida não como tipologia, mas como um sistema complexo, integrante da cidade, promotor e organizador da vida, expandindo-se e encolhendo-se simultaneamente aos experimentos humanos em constante movimento. A partir do cruzamento entre arte e arquitetura, e considerando o fenômeno da superfície como fundamento, uma epistemologia é proposta: o mapeamento da transição do objeto da arte (a obra de arte) e do objeto da arquitetura (o edifício) dos seus estados autônomos para o ambiente urbano, tanto em práticas artísticas como em arquitetura indicando uma rede de relações. Usando como referência algumas atitudes específicas das vanguardas do século 20 o trabalho aponta para uma série de estratégias de reordenação da cidade contemporânea e das suas práticas afins. Empenhadas relacionalmente no locus da praia, tais práticas podem ser categorizadas em duas ordens: uma atua diretamente no âmbito da praia; a segunda, apreendendo-se das dinâmicas da praia, volta-se para a cidade, e utilizando-se do conceito de praiapaisagem como estratégia, busca a proposição de um outro desenho, um outro espaço público. / The urban beach circumscribes a type of space endowed with a flexible mechanism for negotiation between people and places, economies and cultures, architectures and the city, differentiating from more stable urban structures defined by buildings or infrastructure. The city organization and enhancement of the urban experience can find more resources in the fluxes located on the beach. Fluidity, mobility, spontaneous feedback, and nonlinearity offer alternatives to the stability, predictability, and rationality of the city. Beachscape identifies a territory characterized by a dynamic space, where human actions are in constant transformation, generating a field of possibilities in the face of the stagnation of urban life. Considering the complex situation of the beach experience this study establishes the hypothetical matrix for new directions of urban design as spontaneous tactics, challenging the conventions of traditional practice. The beach here is understood not as typology, but as a complex system, an integral part of the city, promoter and organizer of life, expanding and shrinking while human experiments are in constant motion. Establishing a crossing between art and architecture, and considering the surface as a phenomenon, the work proposes an epistemology: mapping the transition from the art object (the artwork) and the object of architecture (the building) from its autonomous states toward the urban environment, both in artistic practices as in architecture, as a form to indicate a network of relationships. With reference to some specific attitudes of the 20th century vanguard the work points to a number of strategies for reordering the contemporary city and its related professional practices. Relationally engaged in the locus of the beach, such practices can be categorized into two types: one operates directly on the beach; the second, seizing upon the dynamics of the beach, looks back to the city, and through the concept of beachscape envisions a strategy to propose another design, another public space.