L'importance considérable des marchés publics, parmi les activités économiques de l'administration de l'État moderne, a poussé l'Union européenne, pour plusieurs raisons socio-économiques, à établir une réglementation unifiant les règles nationales afférentes afin d'assurer dans l'espace de l'Union une concurrence libre et saine entre les opérateurs économiques intéressés. Pour ce faire, outre les préceptes impérativement édictés par son droit primaire, l'Union a imposé aussi son droit dérivé sur la matière par des directives bien détaillées. Une définition extensive de la notion de marchés publics, encouragée constamment par la jurisprudence de la Cour, une catégorisation des modalités du régime de « passation des marchés publics » et une réglementation européenne procédurale pour la protection des intéressés ont été élaboré. La question s'élève donc sur l'impact de ce droit ainsi établit en la matière par l'Union européenne sur des considérations de base du droit public hellénique. Dans ce cadre d'harmonisation des droits nationaux sur la matière, se trouve l'opération d'insertion du droit de l'Union européenne dans l'ordre juridique hellénique ; insertion effectuée par les autorités normatives nationales, législateur et administration ; tandis que sur le domaine procédural un contrôle juridictionnel s'exerce sur cette réception dans l'ordre juridique national tant par le juge européen que par le juge national. De cette manière on peut esquisser la marge de liberté contractuelle des autorités publiques helléniques à l'aune des exigences du droit de l'Union européenne. / The significance of public contracts amongst the economic activities of the modern state's administration, has led the European Union- for several socio-economic rationales- to establish a uniform regulatory framework so as to ensure fair and unbridled competition between the economic operators of the different Member States. To this end, in addition to the provisions of primary law, the EU has further enacted secondary legislation in the form of exhaustively detailed directives. In order to achieve the effective application of EU law in several public contracts a broad interpretation of the public contracts concept was developed, persistently encouraged by the Court's case law, and a categorisation of the public procurement types was adopted. Furthermore, European procedural rules were introduced with the aim of safeguarding rights that individuals derive from that law. The question thus is what is the impact of this comprehensive regulatory framework on the Greek public law considerations on the subject. It is in the context of national laws' harmonisation on the matter, that EU law is inserted in the Greek legislation ; this insertion is carried out via national regulatory authorities, the legislator and the administration ; moreover, in the procedural field, both the European and the national judge exercise judicial control over the reception of the EU law in the national legal order. By way of the aforementioned structure the contractual discretion of the Hellenic public authorities in the course of fulfilling the requirements imposed by EU law can be thoroughly explored.

The aim of this final thesis is to analyse and compare the PPP practices of EU member states and to evaluate the current situation of their PPP markets as well as the issues faced at present. The study consists of four chapters. The first chapter deals with the theoretical and legal concept of public-private partnerships: the definition of PPPs, their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of PPPs and the factors influencing the success of PPP projects. The section thereafter analyses the position and role of the EU, EIB and EBRD in promoting and supporting the implementation of PPP projects. The section is followed by an assessment of the PPP market development trend, high lightening the basic quantitative differences between the EU member states. Chapter four forms the core of this thesis in which, based on specified criteria (legal and institutional PPP conditions, average value of a project, corruption, transparency and the nature of the public sector) the PPP praxis of Great Britain, Italy, Greece, Sweden, Poland and Slovakia are analysed and compared. The states are characterized by national PPP markets of diverse quality as well as significant differences in the national conditions for implementing PPP projects.

Questionnaires translated into Shona / Mineral extraction is one of the key drivers of Africa’s economies and is also one of the largest industries in the world. In many African countries, including Zimbabwe, mining contributes to profound parts of the economy and remain the engine for economic growth. In recent years, and following the continual exploitation of minerals, mining companies have been scrutinized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems faced mainly by communities at the margins. In this regard, mining companies are widely perceived to be prospering at the expense of adjacent communities, who are the primary recipients of the externalities, mainly negative, from mining operations. Due to incongruent stakeholder interests conflicts have erupted given the peculiar case of the extractive industries in Zimbabwe. Having realised the differences among stakeholder interests over minerals, in the extractive industry the study sought to answer this question: how is CCE understood by different stakeholders? And how is CCE measured by the same stakeholders?. The focus of the study is to evaluate the meaning of CCE from multiple stakeholders in the extractive industry in Zimbabwe; and to analyse how CCE is measured by identified stakeholders. In order to satisfy the stated objectives, the study employed mixed research method. This study revealed similarity in understanding of CCE and its usefulness amongst the different stakeholder groups. Of cognitive importance is the realisation by stakeholders on the need for proactive communities and corporate investment into community for effective partnerships. Collaboration, empowerment, inclusion, trust and organisation emerged to be the major facilitators for CCE. The study presents operative CCE according to the obligations and expectations of stakeholders. Having realised that mining industries are particularly susceptible to conflict between stakeholders, the study suggests proactive desire to mitigate these conflicts through CCE in the mining industry. In this respect, community development, peace and stability and strong economy are the major outcomes of effective CCE. The study recommends participation of resource owners in planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluation as well as dividends sharing of mining projects as advocated for by the CCE Model. It is also recommended that the adoption of the CCE Model will ensure a sustainable and harmonious coexistence between the predominantly capitalistic mining concerns and the resource owners and solve part of the current impasse to business and community development. / Business Management / D.B.L.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane G Franco.pdf: 943470 bytes, checksum: 45f773155d93a597c9e3e78b00e5a861 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-05-16 / Risk allocation is one of the main sources of efficiency gains in public-private partnerships projects (PPP). Resting on this evidence, this dissertation has as a main goal to assess and analyse the risk allocation in PPP projects in Brazil. To reach this purpose it is used the case study of the MG-050 Highway PPP project contract. The contract analysis seeks to identify the risk allocation strategy intended by the Minas Gerais government and to make a comparision between this strategy and the international practices and principles. This analisys takes in count too the brazilian federal PPP Law (Law 11.079/2004) which delineates the brazilian partnerships model. From the case study, it s possible to identify an effort to apply the main risk allocation principles to the contract. However, there are some critical points that could create difficulties to the contract performance / A adequada alocação de riscos é uma das principais fontes de eficiência nos projetos de parcerias público-privadas (PPPs). A partir dessa constatação, esta dissertação tem como principal objetivo avaliar e analisar a alocação de riscos em projetos de PPP no Brasil. Para tanto, é utilizado como estudo de caso o contrato de PPP da Rodovia MG-050, através do qual se busca identificar a estratégia de alocação de riscos pretendida pelo governo mineiro e em que medida essa estratégia se aproxima de práticas e princípios já consagrados pela experiência internacional. A Lei 11.079/2004 (Lei das PPPs), através da qual o modelo brasileiro de parcerias está delineado, também é considerada no estudo de caso. Da análise empreendida, identifica-se um empenho do Poder concedente em transferir riscos ao parceiro privado segundo princípios empregados, principalmente, pela experiência inglesa e australiana. Contudo, observa-se a existência de alguns pontos críticos que poderão exercer impacto na condução do contrato

O recorte temporal deste trabalho - 1993 a 2013 - deve sua data inicial ao fato de o começo dos anos 1990 ter sido o momento de um primeiro ciclo da Reforma Urbana e das primeiras discussões de Planejamento Estratégico no Brasil. A despeito da discussão que ocorria do Rio de Janeiro, cujo discurso continha a necessidade de resgate de identidade citadina e tudo o mais a ele associado, a discussão estratégica, de forma geral, se deu de forma direta, repetindo a fala de um de seus idealizadores, Jordi Borja. Segundo a mesma, a ´cidade global´ necessita se mostrar competitiva no cenário econômico para atrair investimentos. À época já havia uma gama de administradores e gestores públicos, de técnicospolíticos e de arquitetos e outros profissionais que lidam com a cidade, seduzida pelo diagnóstico da globalização e da parceria cidade global/planejamento estratégico. A pesquisa explicita o reflexo deste tipo de pensamento por meio do qual a cidade é uma mercadoria passível de venda - objetivo final do city marketing desenvolvido desde então - em uma cidade de porte médio como Ribeirão Preto, aderindo a discussões sobre as Políticas Públicas na área da Cultura, vistas também como fonte para este pensamento. Além disso, tem-se como objetivo, por meio do recorte temporal de 1993 - início da primeira gestão do prefeito Antonio Palocci Filho, PT - a 2013 - início da segunda gestão da prefeita Dárcy Vera, PSD -, localizar e questionar o posicionamento do poder público em relação ao empreendedorismo urbano, bem como o resultado físico-espacial das forças nele aplicadas. Estariam a arquitetura e o urbanismo, bem como a arte, apenas subordinados às dimensões econômica e social, tornando-se meros empreendimentos, ou valeria ainda uma discussão que os enquadrasse nas questões referentes à cultura/mercadoria, espetáculo e dinheiro? Qual seria o lugar das intervenções urbanas para a governança urbana no período englobado? O trabalho propõe, assim, um forte questionamento sobre qual a relação entre urbanismo e política cultural, no caso de Ribeirão Preto. A hipótese defendida é a de que o Planejamento Estratégico que intencionou-se aplicar à cidade de Ribeirão Preto no início da década de 1990 - por meio do Projeto Ribeirão Preto 2001 - Ação Estratégica para o Desenvolvimento e das Parcerias Público - Privadas, à imagem de Atlanta [EUA] - ainda vigora, de forma virtual e não declarada, apesar da mudança de governo. Observamos, ainda, um discurso extremamente embasado na competitividade, empreendedorismo e governança urbanos direcionados pela acumulação flexível do capital. A cultura torna-se, assim, um objeto mercadológico - e, portanto, autonomizado - ainda incipiente, mas promissor, visto que necessário à inserção da cidade na lógica cultural do capitalismo tardio especialmente devido às características da região administrativa da qual Ribeirão Preto seria municípiopolo. O trabalho retoma, assim, planos antigos e até o momento não devidamente contrapostos - ou sobrepostos -, trazendo à luz o caminho percorrido para chegarmos aqui, bem como lança perspectivas a respeito dos processos de urbanização e cultura em Ribeirão Preto. / Period of this work - 1993 to 2013 - owes its initial date to the fact that the beginning of the nineties was the moment of the first cycle of the Urban Reform and of the first discussions about Strategic Planning in Brazil. Regarding the discussion that was taking place in Rio de Janeiro, whose discourse contained the need to rescue the city identity and everything else associated to it, the strategic discussion, generally, occurred in a direct manner, repeating the line of one of its creators, Jordi Borja. According to it, the \"global city\" needs to show itself as competitive in the economic scenario to attract investments. By that time, there were already a range of administrators and public managers, technic-politicians and architects, and other professionals that deal with the city, seduced by the diagnosis of globalization and by the partnership global city/strategic planning. This research explains the reflex of this kind of thinking wherewith the city is a salable merchandise - final goal of the city marketing developed since then - in a medium-sized city like Ribeirão Preto, adhering to the discussions about the Public Policies in the field of Culture, also seen as a source to this thinking. Besides that, another objective of this work is, through the period from 1993 - beginning of the first term of the mayor Antonio Palocci Filho, PT - to 2013 - beginning of the second term of the mayor Dárcy Vera, PSD -, to localize and question the position of the government regarding the urban entrepreneurship, as well as the physic-spatial result of the forces applied to it. Would architecture and urbanism, as well as the art, be only subordinated to the economic and social dimensions, becoming mere developments? Alternatively, would still worth a discussion that placed them in issues regarding culture/merchandise, entertainment and money? What would be the place of urban interventions to the urban governance in the studied period? Therefore, this work proposes a strong questioning about what is the relation between urbanism and cultural policy, in the case of Ribeirão Preto. The hypothesis is that the Strategic Planning that one intended to apply to the city of Ribeirão Preto in the beginning of the 90s - through the Projeto Ribeirão Preto 2001 - Ação Estratégica para o Desenvolvimento and the Public-Private Partnerships, to the image of Atlanta [USA] - is still in force, in a virtual and non-declared manner, despite the change of government. We observe, still, a discourse extremely grounded in competitiveness, entrepreneurship and urban governance directed by the flexible accumulation of the capital. Culture becomes, then, a marketing object and, therefore, independent still incipient, but promising, since necessary to the insertion of the city in the cultural logic of the late capitalism, especially due to the characteristics of the administrative region which Ribeirão Preto would be hub municipality. This work resumes old plans not duly opposed or overlapped until the moment, bringing to light the path chosen to get here, and launches prospects regarding the processes of urbanization and culture in Ribeirão Preto.

O recorte temporal deste trabalho - 1993 a 2013 - deve sua data inicial ao fato de o começo dos anos 1990 ter sido o momento de um primeiro ciclo da Reforma Urbana e das primeiras discussões de Planejamento Estratégico no Brasil. A despeito da discussão que ocorria do Rio de Janeiro, cujo discurso continha a necessidade de resgate de identidade citadina e tudo o mais a ele associado, a discussão estratégica, de forma geral, se deu de forma direta, repetindo a fala de um de seus idealizadores, Jordi Borja. Segundo a mesma, a ´cidade global´ necessita se mostrar competitiva no cenário econômico para atrair investimentos. À época já havia uma gama de administradores e gestores públicos, de técnicospolíticos e de arquitetos e outros profissionais que lidam com a cidade, seduzida pelo diagnóstico da globalização e da parceria cidade global/planejamento estratégico. A pesquisa explicita o reflexo deste tipo de pensamento por meio do qual a cidade é uma mercadoria passível de venda - objetivo final do city marketing desenvolvido desde então - em uma cidade de porte médio como Ribeirão Preto, aderindo a discussões sobre as Políticas Públicas na área da Cultura, vistas também como fonte para este pensamento. Além disso, tem-se como objetivo, por meio do recorte temporal de 1993 - início da primeira gestão do prefeito Antonio Palocci Filho, PT - a 2013 - início da segunda gestão da prefeita Dárcy Vera, PSD -, localizar e questionar o posicionamento do poder público em relação ao empreendedorismo urbano, bem como o resultado físico-espacial das forças nele aplicadas. Estariam a arquitetura e o urbanismo, bem como a arte, apenas subordinados às dimensões econômica e social, tornando-se meros empreendimentos, ou valeria ainda uma discussão que os enquadrasse nas questões referentes à cultura/mercadoria, espetáculo e dinheiro? Qual seria o lugar das intervenções urbanas para a governança urbana no período englobado? O trabalho propõe, assim, um forte questionamento sobre qual a relação entre urbanismo e política cultural, no caso de Ribeirão Preto. A hipótese defendida é a de que o Planejamento Estratégico que intencionou-se aplicar à cidade de Ribeirão Preto no início da década de 1990 - por meio do Projeto Ribeirão Preto 2001 - Ação Estratégica para o Desenvolvimento e das Parcerias Público - Privadas, à imagem de Atlanta [EUA] - ainda vigora, de forma virtual e não declarada, apesar da mudança de governo. Observamos, ainda, um discurso extremamente embasado na competitividade, empreendedorismo e governança urbanos direcionados pela acumulação flexível do capital. A cultura torna-se, assim, um objeto mercadológico - e, portanto, autonomizado - ainda incipiente, mas promissor, visto que necessário à inserção da cidade na lógica cultural do capitalismo tardio especialmente devido às características da região administrativa da qual Ribeirão Preto seria municípiopolo. O trabalho retoma, assim, planos antigos e até o momento não devidamente contrapostos - ou sobrepostos -, trazendo à luz o caminho percorrido para chegarmos aqui, bem como lança perspectivas a respeito dos processos de urbanização e cultura em Ribeirão Preto. / Period of this work - 1993 to 2013 - owes its initial date to the fact that the beginning of the nineties was the moment of the first cycle of the Urban Reform and of the first discussions about Strategic Planning in Brazil. Regarding the discussion that was taking place in Rio de Janeiro, whose discourse contained the need to rescue the city identity and everything else associated to it, the strategic discussion, generally, occurred in a direct manner, repeating the line of one of its creators, Jordi Borja. According to it, the \"global city\" needs to show itself as competitive in the economic scenario to attract investments. By that time, there were already a range of administrators and public managers, technic-politicians and architects, and other professionals that deal with the city, seduced by the diagnosis of globalization and by the partnership global city/strategic planning. This research explains the reflex of this kind of thinking wherewith the city is a salable merchandise - final goal of the city marketing developed since then - in a medium-sized city like Ribeirão Preto, adhering to the discussions about the Public Policies in the field of Culture, also seen as a source to this thinking. Besides that, another objective of this work is, through the period from 1993 - beginning of the first term of the mayor Antonio Palocci Filho, PT - to 2013 - beginning of the second term of the mayor Dárcy Vera, PSD -, to localize and question the position of the government regarding the urban entrepreneurship, as well as the physic-spatial result of the forces applied to it. Would architecture and urbanism, as well as the art, be only subordinated to the economic and social dimensions, becoming mere developments? Alternatively, would still worth a discussion that placed them in issues regarding culture/merchandise, entertainment and money? What would be the place of urban interventions to the urban governance in the studied period? Therefore, this work proposes a strong questioning about what is the relation between urbanism and cultural policy, in the case of Ribeirão Preto. The hypothesis is that the Strategic Planning that one intended to apply to the city of Ribeirão Preto in the beginning of the 90s - through the Projeto Ribeirão Preto 2001 - Ação Estratégica para o Desenvolvimento and the Public-Private Partnerships, to the image of Atlanta [USA] - is still in force, in a virtual and non-declared manner, despite the change of government. We observe, still, a discourse extremely grounded in competitiveness, entrepreneurship and urban governance directed by the flexible accumulation of the capital. Culture becomes, then, a marketing object and, therefore, independent still incipient, but promising, since necessary to the insertion of the city in the cultural logic of the late capitalism, especially due to the characteristics of the administrative region which Ribeirão Preto would be hub municipality. This work resumes old plans not duly opposed or overlapped until the moment, bringing to light the path chosen to get here, and launches prospects regarding the processes of urbanization and culture in Ribeirão Preto.

This dissertation investigates the advantages of procuring capital-intensive infrastructure services via Public-Private Partnerships (P3s or PPPs) – cost and time savings and; innovation and high levels of efficiency – accounting for these advantages by reference to the underlying legal provisions and principles that facilitate them; and in this process highlights two significant directions in which Canadian P3 law, policy and practice has evolved – the enactment of P3 legislation and/or the formulation of non-statutory P3-related policy; as well as the establishment of legal institutions that promote and/or facilitate P3 procurements. The dissertation also addresses key arguments raised against P3s, by reference to aspects of Canadian law, policy and P3 practice. The research methodology comprises a detailed review of legal and non-legal sources. The implication of the research findings is that, given the foregoing developments in Canadian P3 law, policy and practice, the key arguments canvassed against P3s are overstated and lacking in merit.

La participation du secteur privé dans la gouvernance de l’eau a considérablement évolué au cours des vingt dernières années. Aujourd’hui, les firmes transnationales de l’eau ne sont pas des opérateurs locaux mais sont devenues des acteurs économiques et politiques dans la gouvernance mondiale de l’environnement. Leur vaste offre de services et l’expansion de leurs activités sur des marchés internationaux ont largement contribué à construire une image de ces entreprises en tant qu’acteurs-clés, à coté des autorités publiques locales. Le rôle des firmes transnationales dans la gouvernance de l’eau ne se limite plus à la gestion des services dans des territoires locaux spécifiques, mais comprend également la création et la diffusion de modèles de gouvernance de l’eau à l’échelle mondiale.Cette thèse étudie les firmes transnationales de l’eau en tant qu’acteurs actifs et puissants dans la gouvernance de l’eau à des échelles multiples. Le pouvoir des deux plus grandes firmes de l’eau dans le monde, les groupes français Veolia et Suez, est analysé en termes d’intérêts, de ressources et de stratégies dans le cadre de l’« espace transnational de l’eau ». Ce concept est utilisé pour analyser les stratégies de développement et d’adaptation de Veolia et de Suez au Mexique et aux Etats-Unis de 1993 à 2014.Les échelles de gouvernance de l’eau s’avèrent déterminantes pour le pouvoir des entreprises transnationales de l’eau. Alors que Veolia et Suez créent leur pouvoir à l’échelle locale, elles le cultivent et diffusent à l’échelle mondiale. Ce processus est toutefois conditionné à l’échelle nationale et peut être potentiellement limité à l’échelle régionale. / The involvement of the private sector in water governance has greatly evolved over the last 20 years. Private water companies have gone from being local operators to becoming economic and political actors of global environmental governance. Their vast array of services and the expansion of their operations in international markets have contributed to building the image of these companies as key stakeholders alongside public authorities. The role of transnational corporations (TNCs) in water governance is no longer limited to the provision of services in specific local territories, but also includes the creation and diffusion of models of water governance at the global scale.This dissertation studies water TNCs as active and powerful actors in water governance at multiple scales. The power of the two largest water companies worldwide, the French groups Veolia and Suez, is analyzed in terms of interests, resources and strategies within the framework of the “transnational space for water.” This concept is used to analyze the development and adaptation strategies of Veolia and Suez in Mexico and the U.S. from 1993 to 2014. The study argues that scales of water governance are central to understanding the power of water TNCs. While Veolia and Suez create their power at the local scale, they cultivate and diffuse it at the global scale. This process, however, is conditioned at the national scale and can be potentially limited at the regional scale. / La participación del sector privado en la gestión del agua ha evolucionado considerablemente en los últimos veinte años. Hoy en día, las empresas transnacionales del agua han pasado de ser operadores locales a actores económicos y políticos en la gobernanza ambiental mundial. Su amplia gama de servicios y la expansión de sus actividades en mercados internacionales han llevado a construir una imagen de estas empresas como actores clave, junto a las autoridades locales. El papel de las empresas transnacionales del agua ya no se limita a la prestación de servicios públicos en territorios específicos sino que también incluye la creación y la difusión de modelos de gestión del agua a nivel internacional.La presente tesis explora a las empresas transnacionales del agua como actores activos y poderosos en la gobernanza del agua a partir de una perspectiva multi-escalar. El poder de las dos compañías más grandes a nivel mundial, los grupos franceses Veolia y Suez, es analizado en términos de intereses, recursos y estrategias en el marco del “espacio transnacional del agua”. Este concepto es propuesto y utilizado para analizar las estrategias de desarrollo y de adaptación de Veolia y Suez en México y en Estados Unidos de 1993 a 2014.Al final de este trabajo se demuestra que las escalas de gobernanza del agua son determinantes para el poder de las firmas transnacionales del agua. Mientras Veolia y Suez crean su poder en la escala local, éste es cultivado y promovido en la escala internacional. Este proceso, sin embargo, se encuentra condicionado por la escala nacional y puede ser potencialmente limitado por la escala regional.

This dissertation investigates the advantages of procuring capital-intensive infrastructure services via Public-Private Partnerships (P3s or PPPs) – cost and time savings and; innovation and high levels of efficiency – accounting for these advantages by reference to the underlying legal provisions and principles that facilitate them; and in this process highlights two significant directions in which Canadian P3 law, policy and practice has evolved – the enactment of P3 legislation and/or the formulation of non-statutory P3-related policy; as well as the establishment of legal institutions that promote and/or facilitate P3 procurements. The dissertation also addresses key arguments raised against P3s, by reference to aspects of Canadian law, policy and P3 practice. The research methodology comprises a detailed review of legal and non-legal sources. The implication of the research findings is that, given the foregoing developments in Canadian P3 law, policy and practice, the key arguments canvassed against P3s are overstated and lacking in merit.

The article provides introductory notions about the new regulatory framework of the European Union on public procurement. The author argues that this new legislation forces us to rethink how articulate it to satisfies the public interest with respect to the principles of equality, efficiency, transparency, efficiency and accountability. It also forces us to rethink the administrative organization in the light of the own principles of public law. All that with the objective to approach us to the paradigm of the right to good administration as an element of control and accountability. / El artículo brinda nociones introductorias sobre el nuevo marco regulatorio de la Unión Europea sobre contratación pública. El autor sostiene que esta nueva normativa obliga a repensar en cómo articularla a fin de que satisfaga los intereses públicos con respeto a los principios de igualdad, eficacia, transparencia, eficiencia y rendición de cuentas. Además, obliga a repensar la organización administrativa a la luz de los propios fundamentos del derecho público. Todo ello con miras a acercarse al paradigma del derecho a una buena administración como elemento del control y de rendición de cuentas.