Digital startup firms are key actors in innovation landscapes and a viable part of the Swedish tech industry. They operate within hypercompetitive environments, which are dynamic and volatile due to the nature of digital technologies. However, startups often face challenges such as limited resources in terms of finances, skills, and knowledge that affect their preconditions for innovation. Previous research has failed to address the unique characteristics and required management competencies of startups engaged in digital innovation. We aim to contribute to the field of IS and digital innovation, but also provide deeper insights for new startups on how to manage digital innovation. Therefore, we explore the following research question: how do digital startups manage innovation? We have conducted a multiple case study and our findings included two different approaches for digital innovation management in startups - knowledge-push and need-pull. Our findings suggest that these different approaches to digital innovation management affect several activities within the startups. These are: strategic use of data, value creation, financial resources, knowledge-sharing/capabilities, and networking. Further, we suggest practical implications for startups and suggestions for future research.

This thesis explores the feasibility of developing an affordable and easy-to-use feed- back system that leverages information from multiple inertial measurement units (IMUs) to identify mistakes during upper body bodyweight training and provide real-time feedback to the user. To develop the system, a human-centered approach was used, which involved conducting semi-structured interviews with movement ex- perts and a workshop with targeted end-users to understand their needs. The study also involved 12 volunteers who performed push-ups, tricep dips, and planks cor- rectly and then made specific mistakes intentionally while wearing five IMUs. Binary and multiclass classifiers were developed to classify the exercise technique. The re- sults showed that personalized multiclass classifiers produced good to excellent quality results, while global classification techniques performed poorly. Additionally, an increased number of sensors did not always lead to improved classification re- sults, and the placement of the sensors could have a significant impact. The user in- put and evaluation of the feedback system pinpointed the need for customization and accessibility in the design. This thesis contributes to the development of a feedback system that can help users identify mistakes in their upper body bodyweight exer- cises and improve their form and technique. / Denna avhandling utforskar genomförbarheten att utveckla ett prisvärt och lättan- vänt feedbacksystem som utnyttjar information från flera inertiella mätenheter (IMU: er) för att identifiera misstag under överkroppsövningar med egen kroppsvikt och ge användaren realtidsfeedback. För att utveckla systemet användes en human- centrerad metod, som innefattade semistrukturerade intervjuer med rörelseexperter och en workshop med målinriktade slutanvändare för att förstå deras behov. Studien inkluderade också 12 frivilliga som utförde armhävningar, tricep dips och plankor korrekt och sedan medvetet gjorde specifika misstag medan de bar på fem IMU: er. Binära och flerklassklassificerare utvecklades för att klassificera övningstekniken. Resultaten visade att personliga flerklassklassificerare producerade bra till utmärkta resultat, medan globala klassificeringstekniker presterade dåligt. Dessutom ledde ett ökat antal sensorer inte alltid till förbättrade klassificeringsresultat, och placeringen av sensorerna kunde ha en betydande påverkan. Användarinput och utvärdering av feedbacksystemet pekade på behovet av anpassning och tillgänglighet i designen. Denna avhandling bidrar till utvecklingen av ett feedbacksystem som kan hjälpa an- vändare att identifiera misstag i sina överkroppsövningar med egen kroppsvikt och förbättra sin form och teknik.

Purpose – The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting the net benefits and change in user behaviour in a technology push scenario in Smart Cities. Design/methodology/approach –The research was conducted using a quantitative approach. Hence, quantitative data was obtained by devising and distributing a questionnaire adapted from the literature to serve the purpose of this research. Data was analysed by using SmartPLS software, since this tool allowed for the creation of a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Contributions –The research is expected to help foster an understanding of the factors affecting citizens’ satisfaction with technology-supporting smart cities. The focus of this research was on the scenario where technology was introduced by the government to support the development of smart cities, and where citizens ‘do not have a choice’ and are ‘pushed’ to use them. The research contributes a model for assessing the role of satisfaction in enhancing the net benefits of smart city technologies on the lives of citizens, as well as the change in individuals’ behaviour towards smart city technologies when they are ‘pushed’ for use. The findings provided insights to enable policy makers to implement smart cities in developing countries while ensuring the satisfaction of the users. Originality/value – The originality of this research is centred around determining how satisfied citizens are with smart cities and the net benefit of smart cities within a developing country (Kuwait) context. The research is also unique in that it examines the role of citizens’ satisfaction in changing their behaviour towards ‘push’ technology within smart cities. Theoretical Contributions – This study examined the factors that led to acceptance of smart cities in Kuwait. Hence, this study used the theories related to user acceptance of technology and added to its trust in provider. Previous studies have examined trust as a broad concept. Moreover, this study incorporated the push theory and also examined the change in user behavior, which was not examined in earlier studies.

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I det hållbara planeringsidealet anses cykeln vara en viktig del av en fungerande trafiklösning, trots detta tenderar många städer ha problem att uppnå deras egna mål för ökad cykeltrafik. Studien analyserar Malmös och Köpenhamns cykelplanering och cykelvägsstruktur utifrån aktuell cykeltrafikforskning, i syfte att undersöka vilka strategier och förutsättningar som städerna har gemensamt, och vad som skiljer dem åt. Målet för studien är att få svar på hur, och i vilken mån Malmös cykeltrafikandel kan öka utifrån Köpenhamns exempel, och att få en vidare förståelse för de utmaningar som den framtida cykelplaneringen står inför. Studiens metod tar ansats ur fältstudier av fyra cykelfrämjande städer i Europa. Sammanställningen av fältstudierna resulterar i att tre cykelstrategier identifieras som gemensamma för de fyra cykelfrämjande städerna. Därefter analyseras Köpenhamns och Malmös cykelprogram utifrån de tidigare nämnda cykelstrategierna. Analysen fastslår att Köpenhamn borde ses som en framstående cykelstad och möjliggör för en jämförande analys mellan Köpenhamns och Malmös cykelsatsningar. Den jämförande analysen mellan Köpenhamns och Malmös cykelsatsningar avslutas med en redovisning och tolkning av resultaten från analysen.För att kunna förstå cykelprogrammens spatiala relation till städerna de är tänkta att implementeras i används en space syntax-analys. Genom att undersöka satsningarnas rumsliga kontext i förhållande till det befintliga cykelvägsystemet kan en djupare förståelse för cykelsatsningarnas omfattning och orsak uppnås.Studiens resultat identifierar tre strategier som är direkt kopplade till andelen cykeltrafik i städer. Den fastställer även att trots cykelsatsningarnas övergripande likheter, skiljer implementeringen och omfattningen av dessa satsningar sig åt mellan Köpenhamn och Malmö. Infrastrukturens stora påverkan på cykelutvecklingen i stort framgår även det i studiens resultat. Studien visar även på hur de båda städernas cykelprogram förhåller sig till cykelns socialt utjämnande egenskaper. Resultatet visar att det finns indikationer från båda städernas framtida cykelplanering på att dessa utjämnande egenskaper har fått en lägre prioritering allt efter cykeltrafiken anpassas till starkare samhällsgrupper. / In the sustainable planning paradigm, the bicycle is seen as playing an important role of combining effective, environmentally friendly, and space conserving transport to the compact city. Despite its overall positive effect on city life, many cities seem to struggle to achieve the goal of increased bicycle traffic. This study studies the similar strategies and efforts used by bicycle friendly European cities through current research literature, in order to analyze Malmö’s and Copenhagen’s efforts to increase their bicycle traffic. The goal of the study is to examine Malmö’s potential for increased bicycle traffic through Copenhagen’s bicycle planning strategies, and to get a deeper understanding of the challenge’s that may face the future field of bicycle planning. The study’s method starts in field studies of four bicycle friendly European cities. The compilation of the field studies identifies three bicycle planning strategies as mutual for all four cities. The mutual bicycle strategies are then used as a tool and benchmark for the analysis of Copenhagen´s and Malmoe´s municipal bicycle program. To understand the spatial relation between the cities bicycle strategies and the street network that they are supposed to be implemented in, a space syntax-analysis is performed. The results from the comparative analysis of the cities bicycle programs and the space syntax-analysis is then summarized and discussed. The result of the study identifies three crucial criteria’s that according to the study has a high possibility of affecting a city’s bicycle share. It also points to the importance of a well-developed bicycle infrastructure to achieve a higher level of competitiveness for the bicycle as a mode of transport. The study also highlights the socially balancing properties of the bicycle as a mode of transport, and the concern of losing these properties due to bicycle planning strategies that is starting to be adapted in order to attract people from more affluent social groups.

This paper presents a numerical investigation into the behaviour of headed shear stud in composite beams with profiled metal decking. A three-dimensional finite element model was developed using general purpose finite element program ABAQUS to study the behaviour of through-deck welded shear stud in the composite slabs with trapezoidal deck ribs oriented perpendicular to the beam. Both static and dynamic procedures were investigated using Drucker Prager model and Concrete Damaged Plasticity model respectively. In the dynamic procedure using ABAQUS/Explicit, the push test specimens were loaded slowly to eliminate significant inertia effects to obtain a static solution. The capacity of shear connector, load-slip behaviour and failure modes were predicted and validated against experimental results. The delamination of the profiled decking from concrete slab was captured in the numerical analysis which was observed in the experiments. ABAQUS/Explicit was found to be particularly suitable for modelling post-failure behaviour and the contact interaction between profiled decking and concrete slabs. It is concluded that this model represents the true behaviour of the headed shear stud in composite beams with profiled decking in terms of the shear connection capacity, load-slip behaviour and failure modes.