Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2016. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2016-06-01T12:28:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AlanSantosOliveira.pdf: 1667820 bytes, checksum: c97eff83dae95b8caf024a499a559246 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raquel Viana(raquelviana@bce.unb.br) on 2016-06-15T19:23:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AlanSantosOliveira.pdf: 1667820 bytes, checksum: c97eff83dae95b8caf024a499a559246 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-15T19:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_AlanSantosOliveira.pdf: 1667820 bytes, checksum: c97eff83dae95b8caf024a499a559246 (MD5) / Nesta pesquisa, versaremos sobre a circulação dos provérbios pela oralidade e escrita, em formas orais, escritas, imagéticas e imaginárias, desde as sociedades africanas ao contexto da diáspora em países como o Brasil e o Haiti. Percebemos que os provérbios africanos têm significados múltiplos para além de conselhos e orientações. Eles podem ser verificados em objetos de arte, escritas, cantigas, louvações, imagens e imaginários literários como suporte de mensagem ou como influência para a criação estética e artística. Para falar sobre os provérbios como um instrumento de fluxo na Comunicação, tivemos a necessidade de realizar uma pesquisa direcionada ao passado, sem a preocupação de uma forma linear, baseado em um provérbio-símbolo, sankofa, que significa: “nunca é tarde para voltar e apanhar o que ficou atrás”. Sankofa nos ensina a sabedoria de olhar para trás, buscar algo que foi ignorado ou esquecido. É uma forma de recolher no passado, trazer ao presente e construir o futuro, tal como Janus, o Deus das mudanças e transições da mitologia romana, que aqui buscamos em uma perspectiva africana. Este é um trabalho de compreensão sobre os provérbios, e nesta travessia, unimos a Comunicação, pela estética, ao conjunto de observação da Paremiologia, a disciplina que estuda os provérbios e recursos fraseológicos e do estudo de imagens e imaginários literários. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / In this research, we study the circulation of African proverbs by oral and written means, in imagetic and imaginary forms, from African societies to the diaspora context in countries such as Brazil and Haiti. We realize that the African proverbs have multiple meanings, not intended only for advice and guidance. They can be seen in works of art, writing, music, praise, literary imagination and images as a support for a message or as an influence for aesthetics and artistic creation. To talk about proverbs as a communication flow instrument, we had the need for an inquiry directed to the past, but without the desire to follow a linear procedure, basing in a proverb-symbol, sankofa, which means: "it's never too late to go back and take what was behind". Sankofa teaches us the wisdom to look at the past and bring something that was ignored, forgotten, for the present in order to build the future, like Janus, the Roman god of change and transitions, whom we seek here in a African perspective. This work aims to understand the proverbs and, on this journey, we joined the Communication - through the Aesthetics - and Paremiology - the discipline that studies the proverbs and phraseological resources.

Partint d’una concepció àmplia de la fraseologia i d'una perspectiva etnolingüística, l’anàlisi es centra en fraseologismes espanyols (especialment, parèmies) per als quals pot establir-se un origen llatí o una motivació en el món grecoromà, analitzant contrastivament les particularitats culturals de dites unitats fraseològiques i dels seus corresponents precedents clàssics. Temàticament, el corpus s’ha limitat a ítems lingüístics que giren al voltant de la concepció clàssica d’ ‘amistat’, entesa com l’harmònic motor de les relacions humanes i socials. La major amplitud semàntica d’aquest concepte crucial de la filosofia antiga implica que en el treball es tractin, a part del tema de l’amistat pròpiament dita, altres temes que en deriven, com ara l’amor, la família i les relacions cíviques entre ciutadans. A banda de les relacions diacròniques entre els més de 10.000 ítems analitzats, la perspectiva d’estudi es centra en la parcialitat de la visió de la realitat presentada per aquests, en particular en el biaix cultural i social que suposen les consideracions que inclouen, presentant com universals apreciacions que, en realitat, són parcials i interessades, com a conseqüència de les relacions de poder que enterboleixen les relacions humanes que s’estudien. / Partiendo de una concepción amplia de la fraseología y de una perspectiva etnolingüística, el análisis se centra en fraseologismos españoles (especialmente, paremias) para los cuales puede establecerse un origen latino o una motivación en el mundo grecorromano, analizando contrastivamente las particularidades culturales de dichas unidades fraseológicas y sus correspondientes precedentes clásicos. Temáticamente, el corpus se ha limitado a ítems lingüísticos que giran en torno a la concepción clásica de ‘amistad’, entendida como el armónico motor de las relaciones humanas y sociales. La mayor amplitud semántica de este concepto crucial de la filosofía antigua implica que en el trabajo se aborden, aparte del tema de la amistad propiamente dicha, otros temas derivados de éste, tales como el amor, la familia y las relaciones cívicas entre ciudadanos. Además de las relaciones diacrónicas entre los más de 10.000 ítems analizados, la perspectiva de estudio se centra en la parcialidad de la visión de la realidad presentada por éstos, en particular en el sesgo cultural y social que suponen las consideraciones que encierran, presentando como universales apreciaciones que, en realidad, son parciales e interesadas como consecuencia de las relaciones de poder que enturbian las relaciones humanas que se estudian. / Starting from a wide conception of Phraseology as a discipline and from an ethnolinguistical perspective, the analysis focus on Spanish set phrases (specially proverbs) whose Latin origin or motivation in Greco-Roman world can be established, carrying out a contrastive analysis of the culturally special features of those Spanish items and the corresponding classical ones. Corpus has been thematically restricted to those which center around the classical conception of ‘friendship’, understood as the driving force of all harmonious human and social relationships. The wider sense of this concept—crucial to classical philosophy—entails the treatment of other topics besides friendship itself, such as love, family or civil relations between citizens. In addition to the diachronic relations between the more than 10 000 items analyzed, this doctoral thesis focus on how partial is the view of reality they show, particularly the cultural and social bias implicit in these linguistic chunks, presenting as universal some assessments that, in fact, are biased, as a result of the power relations that mar the different kinds of relationships which are being analyzed.

Political language's power to influence public opinion drives the present investigation into proverbs used by presidents during 1945-2008. The study’s purpose is to explore the proverbial language of American presidents, employing a digital methods approach. In addition to the predominant use of quantitative and comparative analyses, qualitative analysis is also occasionally employed. The research examines proverb frequency, patterns, and shifts in political speeches, revealing shared trends and distinctive usage of the proverbs. It also considers presidency duration and political circumstances, uncovering the presidents that favored proverbs in their discourses. Adopting computational means and tools, the study intends to cover gaps in existing research by quantifying proverb usage, focusing on the nuanced sociopolitical fabric. The research is based on vast bibliographic references including studies conducted by old paremiologists, as well as modern computational endeavors. Although the proverbs’ nature involves challenges such as metaphoricity, and existence of variants can cause difficulties in their identification by the tools, the research has been completed, answered all research questions that spanned proverb presence, evolution, and disparities among presidents' speeches, and produced interesting results. Overall, the research enhances understanding of proverbs' role in political discourse, revealing how politicians shape leadership communication through language. Due to the fact that all data was retrieved by open accessed sources, the research has not encountered any copyright issues. Some of the findings were expected, while others were unpredicted. The alternating sequence of challenges and achievements resulted in an understanding of previously raised questions as well as the need to tackle new ones.