Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-04-06T12:48:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Barudi Lopes.pdf: 777515 bytes, checksum: 625dd7caa3f233e5565a347b3cfc8513 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-06T12:48:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Barudi Lopes.pdf: 777515 bytes, checksum: 625dd7caa3f233e5565a347b3cfc8513 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-29 / The theme of this thesis is the administrative concession in the field of public health in Brazil. The purpose of this research is to analyze whether the contractual model of public-private partnerships of Federal Law 11,079 of 2004 in the form of administrative concession can be compatible with the actions and services of the Unified Health System and, consequently, Whether this hiring can be celebrated for the management of clinical medical hospital services. One of the great obstacles to this private alternative of offering public health services is the fact that it is extracted from the constitutional text that the participation of non-state entities in SUS actions and services is complementary. One of the assumptions of the research is to establish a differential between the administrative concessions made in the health sector and the other models of private offering of this service through the Unified System. The research also intends to address the issue of the complementarity of private participation in SUS actions and services and, if this characteristic, has the effect of preventing the conclusion of PPPs in the sector. The problem was tackled based on the specific doctrine and decisions recently issued by the Federal Supreme Court that allowed for the best interpretation of the constitutional provisions on the matter, as well as helping to identify the effective legal advantages obtained by the Government in the adoption of the model Of public-private partnerships in clinical health. The research is finished listing the conclusions that were obtained during the study regarding the private participation through administrative concession in the Unified Health System / O tema da presente tese é a concessão administrativa na área da saúde pública no Brasil. O que se busca nessa pesquisa é analisar se o modelo contratual das parcerias público-privadas da Lei federal nº 11.079 de 2.004 na modalidade de concessão administrativa pode ser compatível com as ações e os serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde e, por via de consequência, se essa contratação pode ser celebrada para a gestão dos serviços clínicos médicos hospitalares. Um dos grandes obstáculos para essa alternativa privada de oferecimento dos serviços de saúde pública está no fato de que se extrai do texto constitucional que a participação de entidades não estatais nas ações e nos serviços do SUS é complementar. Umas das premissas da pesquisa é estabelecer um diferencial entre as concessões administrativas realizadas no setor da saúde e os demais modelos de oferecimento privado desse serviço mediante o Sistema Único. A pesquisa pretende também enfrentar a questão da complementaridade da participação privada nas ações e serviços do SUS e, se essa característica, tem o condão de impedir a celebração de PPPs no setor. O enfrentamento do problema foi feito com base na doutrina específica e em decisões recentemente proferidas pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal que permitiram extrair a melhor interpretação dos dispositivos constitucionais sobre a matéria, bem como auxiliaram na identificação das efetivas vantagens jurídicas obtidas pelo Poder Público na adoção do modelo das parcerias público-privadas na área da saúde clínica. Finaliza-se a pesquisa elencando as conclusões que foram obtidas ao longo do estudo a respeito da participação privada via concessão administrativa no Sistema Único de Saúde

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mario Marcio Saadi Lima.pdf: 1730347 bytes, checksum: 751db18885682b7fa9c4deb824858321 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-04 / The expression of interest has been used by agencies and government entities to receive technical works that can be used for structuring concessions and permissions, granted in accordance with Federal Law No. 8,987/1995 and Federal Law No. 11,079/2004. In Brazil, is based on norms already edited by entities of the federation and there are many examples of its use. Nevertheless, the theme demands reflection and systematic academic research, especially in regard to its use for carrying out the preparatory phase of the biddings and of the aspects that should comply with. For this reason, the present work has as its object the study of the expression of interest in light of the Brazilian legal framework. Due to its specific characteristics and the need of proceeding with holistic analysis, the present work studies the expression of interest under various aspects. There is the need for proper planning of concessions in the country and for methods to accomplish it. The expression of interest is considered as one of the alternatives the Governmental Bodies can use to achieve the proper planning. In such context, the work characterizes the expression of interest and presents the main features of acts issued on federal, state and municipal levels concerning the mechanism, in addition to examples of its use. Furthermore, it is presented the aspects of the expression of interest as a form of extension of public biddings for the granting of concessions and as a consensual action of the Public Administration. On the other hand, the work covers the aspects that must be considered to the expression of interest be transparent, motivated and controlled / O procedimento de manifestação de interesse tem sido empregado pelos órgãos e pelas entidades da Administração Pública para receber trabalhos técnicos que podem ser utilizados para a estruturação de concessões e permissões, outorgadas com base na Lei Federal 8.987/1995 e na Lei 11.079/2004. No Brasil, possui fundamento em atos normativos já editados por entes da federação e há diversos exemplos de sua utilização. Entretanto, ainda se trata de tema que demanda reflexões e pesquisas acadêmicas sistematizadas, especialmente no que tange ao seu uso para a realização da fase preparatória das licitações e dos contornos concretos que deve tomar. Por esta razão, o presente trabalho tem por objeto o estudo do procedimento de manifestação de interesse à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Devido tanto às suas particularidades quanto à necessidade de sua análise holística, optou-se por realizar o estudo sob vertentes diversas. Parte-se da constatação de necessidade de adequado planejamento de concessões no país e da forma de realizá-lo. O procedimento de manifestação de interesse é enquadrado como uma das formas à disposição da Administração Pública para tanto. Nesse bojo, é pontua-se a noção do procedimento de manifestação de interesse e expõem-se as principais características de atos normativos federais, estaduais e municipais a respeito do tema, bem como de exemplos concretos de sua utilização. Sequencialmente, são apresentados os contornos do procedimento de manifestação de interesse, encarado como forma de extensão da competição relativa à outorga de concessões e de atuação concertada do Poder Público. De outro lado, são delineados os aspectos para que seja utilizado de forma transparente, motivada e controlada

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pablo Francisco dos Santos.pdf: 1188322 bytes, checksum: cba2a4ea932eb70d75b114c7c5d88f72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-13 / This work aims to study the concept of disregard doctrine, and to demonstrate it as an exceptional and thorough way to overcome patrimonial autonomy given to legal entities.The paper will begin with the study of legal entities, further focusing on the analysis of corporate and, specifically, limited partnerships.In addition, said concept will also be studied using a historical perspective, looking at its application primarily in the areas of law under varied classifications.The document will conclude by dedicating itself to the concept as applied to the fiscal process, regulated by Law nº 6.830/80, specifically concentrated on its theoretical and practical applications with regard to Article 135, III of the National Tax Code / Este trabalho tem por objeto o estudo da desconsideração da personalidade jurídica, como forma de superação excepcional e episódica da autonomia patrimonial conferida aos entes coletivos.Para tanto, parte-se da análise do instituto da pessoa jurídica, restringindo-se posteriormente o objeto do estudo às sociedades empresárias e, mais especificamente, às sociedades limitadas.Fixadas essas premissas, debruça-se sobre a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica sob o ponto de vista histórico, procurando-se voltar os olhos para sua aplicação nas mais diversas áreas do direito, sob as mais diversas classificações.Desse ponto até o fim do trabalho, procura-se estudar a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica no processo de execução fiscal, disciplinado pela Lei nº 6.830/80, em especial pela análise teórica e aplicação jurisprudencial do disposto no art. 135, III, do Código Tributário Nacional

La crise économique et sociale que nous connaissons actuellement met en lumière la nécessité d’une action publique volontariste et, s’agissant des collectivités territoriales qui sont les principaux acteurs de l’investissement public, l’exigence d’une politique résolument tournée vers l’investissement de long terme, comme moteur de l’économie et de la reprise. Focalisé sur la notion de PPP, d’un part dans son acceptation la plus large, l’expression « partenariat public-privé » ou encore « PPP », désigne une formule générique englobant toutes formes de coopération entre la sphère publique et privée. D’autre part, utilisée dans un sens plus strict que celui de notion générique englobant toutes formes de coopération entre le public et le privé, la notion de PPP renvoie à une technique contractuelle ayant pour objet de confier au secteur prive la conception, le financement, la construction et l’exploitation d’un bien ou d’un ouvrage d’intérêt collectif. / The economic and social crisis we are currently experiencing highlights the need for a proactive public policy and, in the case of local authorities who are the main actors of public investment, the requirement of a policy resolutely turned towards the ' long-term investment as a motor engine of the economy and the recovery. Focused on the concept of PPP, a share in its broadest sense, the term «public -private partnership» or «PPP» refers to a generic formula encompassing all forms of cooperation between public and private sphere. On the other hand , used a more stringent than generic term encompassing all forms of cooperation between the public and private sense, the term refers to a contractual PPP technique for entrust the private sector to design, finance, construct and operate of a well or a work of collective interest.

Universities, facing both pressures and opportunities created by globalisation, are currently seeking a way to reinforce their capabilities by enhancing their academic strength through internationalisation. In such a setting, the development of international partnerships has been increasingly recognised as a central strategy for the success of internationalisation. Understanding the increasing importance of international partnerships for universities, this study will attempt to understand what could make a successful partnership and identify which management approach is most likely to realise a successful international partnership between universities. A successful international partnership in this thesis is assumed to be the one that is able to function smoothly and effectively towards achieving the goals set by the partnership. This thesis argues that the best management approach for successful international partnerships is a phase- and principle-based management approach. This approach enables a partnership to facilitate the essential ‘phases’ of development and sustainable growth by embedding some critical principles into its management practices to facilitate those essential ‘phases’. This study proposes there are three essential phases and three critical principles. The three essential phases are ‘building a partnership’, ‘consolidation and catalysing maturity’ and ‘maintaining a positive cycle between growth and consolidation’. The three critical principles are accountability, transparency, and learning capacity. While discussing a phase- and principle-based management approach, this thesis develops the premise that an international university partnership is an organic and dynamic phenomenon and the success of an international partnership is underpinned by entrepreneurial culture. This thesis involves case studies with multiple universities from Japan, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Sweden, and Australia, engaging in different types of international partnerships. Through the case studies, this thesis explores whether existing universities consider the three phases and the three critical principles as important, and how they have developed and improved their management structures and processes to implement their international partnerships. To be more precise, two types of international university partnerships are studied, namely a partial and task-specific double degree programme (DDP) partnership between a Japanese university and its partners, which is an example of a standard management model, and a comprehensive and organised strategic alliance between multiple universities from different countries, which is an example of the best management model. Those two models are compared using the phase- and principle-based model as comparator criteria. International university partnership development in a Japanese context is another key theme. This thesis examines the state of international partnerships recently developed by Japanese universities. It makes a comparison of the current situation of Japanese universities using the best identified management model. At present, the most popular type of international partnership in Japanese higher education is that of a DDP, which is a basic and task-specific type of partnership. Many universities around the world are developing DDP partnerships. Such partnerships are therefore appropriate for a case study of a standard management approach. To examine the DDP partnerships developed by a Japanese university, this thesis focuses on the case of Kyushu University, Japan and its partners; the aim is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of a basic and task-specific partnership model with respect to current and future circumstances. This thesis studies the strategic alliance between Monash University and the University of Warwick for the best management approach. The Monash Warwick Alliance is an advanced comprehensive partnership with diverse projects involving wide range of stakeholders including researchers, educators, students, administrators, and outside stakeholders. Considering its broad range of scope and stakeholders, it could embrace greater complexity in terms of management, thereby more mature and sophisticated management structures and processes could be required. Based upon understanding the essential features of the best management approach, this thesis attempts to figure out whether and how the limitations of a partial and task-specific DDP partnership, could be rectified and provide recommendations for universities in Japan to aid the further advancement of their international partnership projects and the overall internationalisation of universities. Possible improvements suggest that their management structure should possess the capability to steer and coordinate a partnership by developing accountable management structures and implementing effective communication and information strategies, developing a vigorous system of quality and performance review, creating a mechanism to institutionalise learning, and integrating expertise in the management structures and processes.

Tendo em vista o baixo grau de letramento entre os alunos do ensino fundamental e médio no Brasil e, concomitantemente, o crescimento espantoso do número de organizações não- governamentais (ONGs) trabalhando no campo da educação nas últimas décadas, o presente trabalho procura estabelecer uma ponte entre estas duas faces da educação no Brasil. Pretendemos, então, compreender a dinâmica e a influência das ONGs no Brasil no campo da educação e, mais especificamente, no campo da leitura, tendo em vista o desenvolvimento do letramento. Para tanto, fizemos um estudo qualitativo com características etnográficas baseado, sobretudo, em observações feitas em campo das atividades de uma organização e que foram analisadas a partir de concepções de leitura propostas pelos teóricos da psicolingüística (Smith, 1989,1999) e da Estética da Recepção (Jauss, 2002). Com isso, esperamos contribuir com os estudos sobre leitura e, principalmente, avançar nestas novas possibilidades educativas que nos são, hoje, apresentadas pela sociedade civil e que nos direcionam em busca de uma solução alternativa para um problema que vem afligindo os educadores há décadas no Brasil. Nossa principal hipótese seria que a escola pública poderia beneficiar-se e melhorar o grau de letramento de seus alunos, bem como ampliar o número de leitores proficientes/competentes, se pudesse estabelecer uma parceria com as instituições da sociedade civil/ONGs que já possuem um projeto consistente. Assim, por meio de troca de idéias e experiências, as instituições educacionais não-governamentais poderiam contribuir para o desenvolvimento de uma escola pública de qualidade, sem, no entanto, substituí-la de forma alguma, deixando para o Governo a responsabilidade que lhe cabe. / In view of the low level of literacy among students of elementary and middle schools in Brazil and, meanwhile, the astonishing growth of nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) working in the educational field in recent decades, this work tries to establish a connection between those two faces of education in Brazil. We intend to understand the dynamics and influence of NGOs in Brazil, and more specifically, in the field of reading for the development of literacy. Therefore, we did a qualitative study with ethnographic characteristics founded, above all, in remarks made at the field of the activities we saw, which later were examined/analyzed using the reading conceptions proposed by the psycholinguistics scholars (Smith, 1989, 1999) and the Aesthetics of Reception scholars (Jauss, 2002). In this way, we hopefully wish to contribute to the many studies on reading and, in particular, to move forward with these new educational possibilities that are, today, presented by the civil society which is searching for alternative solutions to a problem that has been worrying educators for decades in Brazil. Our main hypothesis would be that public schools could benefit themselves and improve the level of literacy of their students, as well as expand the number of proficient readers / competent, if they could establish a partnership with institutions of civil society / NGOs who already have a consistent project. Thus, by means of an exchange of ideas and experiences, the non-governmental educational institutions could contribute to the development of the quality of our public school, without, however, replace it in any way, leaving what is the governmet responsibility for the government itself.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leandro Lopes Peguini.pdf: 871714 bytes, checksum: 0b8e7fc7aa5a5115b124c481e851b8c7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-01 / Strategic alliances have been currently studied by many researchers for allowing partners to exchange knowledge and access to complementary assets. The main objective of this research was to understand the perception of managers on the deliberate variations and their relation to the strategic alliance coordination routines in the Brazilian industry, human health segment. The methodology involved studies of cases of contractual strategic alliances from three pharmaceutical organizations, two of them being large laboratories, and one biotechnology microenterprise, all from the city of Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo Brazil. The data was individually analyzed and then cross-analyzed, generating non-definitive propositions about the relation between deliberate variations and activities of interorganizational management of contractual strategic alliances routines. It was concluded that the tactics for generating deliberate variations are used in the interorganizational management aimed to reduce the uncertainty of the alliance transactions, fulfillment of regulatory requirements, generation of intellectual capital through learning, motivation of the participants, and viability of alliances. The main tactics of deliberate variations used in the interorganizational management are: formal programs of experimentation, indirect motivations and tolerance by the manager to variations without focus and play. The theoretical contribution of this research is the explicitation of the tactics of deliberate variations used in interorganizational management of contractual strategic alliance. The contribution to the administrative practice is to show that interorganizational management of alliances occurs dynamically, involving several motivational and controlling tactics, and that executives responsible for their management must expect that the execution of such tactics occurs preemptively and not linearly, from motivations along the alliance that demand actions and monitoring. / Alianças estratégicas atualmente são estudadas por muitos pesquisadores por permitirem aos parceiros troca de conhecimentos e o acesso a ativos complementares. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa foi compreender a percepção dos gestores sobre as variações deliberadas e sua relação com as rotinas de coordenação de alianças estratégicas na indústria brasileira, segmento saúde humana. A metodologia envolveu estudos de casos de alianças estratégicas contratuais de três organizações farmacêuticas, sendo dois laboratórios de grande porte, e uma microemprensa de biotecnologia, todos da cidade de Ribeirão Preto SP. Os dados foram analisados via análise de conteúdo temática categorial com categorias definidas a priori. Os casos foram analisados individualmente e a seguir de forma cruzada, gerando-se proposições não definitivas sobre a relação entre as variações deliberadas e as atividades da rotina de coordenação interorganizacional de alianças estratégicas contratuais. Concluiu-se que as táticas para geração de variações deliberadas são utilizadas para a coordenação interorganizacional com o objetivo de redução da incerteza das transações da aliança, atendimento de exigências regulatórias, geração de capital intelectual via aprendizagem, incentivo dos participantes, e viabilização das alianças. As principais táticas de variações deliberadas utilizadas na coordenação interorganizacional são: programas formais de experimentação, incentivos indiretos e tolerância por parte do gestor para variações sem foco e brincadeiras. A contribuição teórica dessa pesquisa está na explicitação das táticas de variações deliberadas utilizadas para coordenação interorganizacional de alianças estratégicas contratuais. A contribuição para a prática administrativa é mostrar que a coordenação interorganizacional de alianças ocorre de forma dinâmica, envolvendo diversas táticas de incentivo e controle, e que os executivos responsáveis pela sua gestão devem esperar que a execução dessas táticas ocorre de forma preemptiva e não linear, a partir de estímulos ao longo da aliança que exigem ações e acompanhamentos.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:25:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Aparecida Marildes de Azevedo.pdf: 789591 bytes, checksum: 0e67363187302d286ead9aad786053dc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-18 / Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa / In the Twentieth First Century, the modern biotechnology is detached as a relevant set of techniques for modifying organisms through genetic engineering, being able to collaborate to the scientific knowledge advance and the production of new drugs, vaccines and medicines. The interorganizational partnership has been pointed out by several researchers as an effective mean of knowledge transfer and assessing complementary assets in the value chain. The objective in this study is to understand the perception of managers about the influence of the technological environment on the interorganizational partnerships adoption in the biotechnology industry in Brazil, in the human health segment. The methodology involved case studies with two biotechnology companies and a pharmaceutical company with a partnership in the biotechnology industry, all of them located in the city of Sao Paulo, with a minimum of four years of experience. The analysis was conducted in two levels: interorganizational partnerships (description and motivations) and technological environment (appropriability, cumulativeness, opportunity and knowledge basis). The conclusion was that the environment presents high levels of appropriability, cumulativeness, opportunity and complexity of the knowledge basis. When the dimensions of the technological environment are considered high, there is strong motivation for interorganizational partnerships, leading companies to specialize and join with other experts to complete the tasks. The finding in this study suggest there is a high cumulativeness in the biotechnological environment in Brazil, providing the improvement of competences and the ability of companies to maintain the continuity of future innovations to cope with a competitive environment. The relevance of this study is the possibility to collaborate with managers to deep their knowledge about the characteristics of competitive and complex environment in which the Brazilian biotech industry for human health is embedded and interorganizational partnership. / No século XXI, a biotecnologia moderna desponta como importante conjunto de técnicas de modificação de organismos vivos, por meio de engenharia genética, capaz de colaborar no avanço do conhecimento científico e na produção de novas drogas, medicamentos e vacinas. A parceria inter-organizacional tem sido apontado por vários pesquisadores como um meio eficaz de transferência do conhecimento e de acesso a ativos complementares na cadeia de valor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é compreender a percepção dos gestores sobre a influência do ambiente tecnológico na adoção de parcerias inter-organizacionais na indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento saúde humana. A metodologia envolveu estudo de casos com duas empresas de biotecnologia e um laboratório farmacêutico com parceria na indústria de biotecnologia, todas da cidade de São Paulo, com no mínimo quatro anos de experiência. Foram utilizados dois níveis de análises: Parcerias inter-organizacionais (descrição e motivações) e ambiente tecnológico (apropriabilidade, cumulatividade, oportunidade e base do conhecimento). Concluiu-se que o ambiente apresenta alta apropriabilidade, alta cumulatividade, alta oportunidade e base do conhecimento complexa. Nos casos em que as dimensões do ambiente tecnológico foram consideradas altas, houve motivação para as parcerias inter-organizacionais, levando as empresas a se especializarem e a estabelecer alianças com outros especialistas para a finalização de tarefas. Destaca-se neste estudo, a existência de alta cumulatividade no ambiente biotecnológico brasileira, proporcionando aprimoramento de competências e da capacidade das empresas em manter a continuidade das inovações futuras com produtos inovadores para enfrentar um ambiente competitivo. A relevância deste estudo está na possibilidade de colaborar com os gestores na ampliação do conhecimento a respeito das características do ambiente competitivo e complexo em que está inserida a indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento saúde humana e as parcerias inter-organizacionais.

This study contributes an original, practice-based analysis of knowledge brokering in inter-organisational communities of practice in the not-for-profit sector. Defining characteristics of the not-for-profit sector include its social values, principles and practices. Existing literature understates or overlooks the significance of values and principles that are manifested in and enlivened through every day social practices and practitioner encounters. The study contributes by presenting knowledge brokering as a knowledge sharing intervention which integrates people, processes, values and principles into practice. Knowledge brokering and other practice interventions in the not-for-profit sector have to align with its social mission, if they are to be compatible and effective. This is especially so in multi-agency partnerships and inter-organisational communities of practice where collaboration and co-existence rather than assimilation are the primary objectives. This study finds that values-compatible knowledge brokering interventions, boundary bridging, co-creation, common artefacts and knowledge sharing, enable inter-organisational communities of practice to evolve without sacrificing individual autonomy. Foundational knowledge brokering literature emphasises the structural position of the knowledge broker, their knowledge superiority and the benefits they accrue by operating on the periphery of a social network. The study contributes by arguing that knowledge brokering processes and roles can be examined through an alternative practice lens with the knowledge broker as an internal co-practitioner located within a network. The study was carried out in a new, time-limited multi-agency partnership project in the not-for-profit sector. The partnership constituted an inter-organisational community of practice comprising advice, information and support agencies that had agreed to work collaboratively to improve local services. The author was employed as the project s Knowledge Management Officer and carried out the study over a two year period using an insider action research approach. As an insider practitioner-researcher, the author contributed to the project s objectives, worked collaboratively with practitioners and gathered rich data. Action and research occurred simultaneously and the iterative processes enabled the cumulative learning to inform, develop and analyse the practice. The combination of using insider action research approach, an examination of knowledge brokering as a practice intervention and a multi-agency, not-for-profit setting, makes this a unique practice-based study untapping knowledge management lessons from the not-for-profit sector.

Manufacturing leaders seek strategies to improve cross-cultural business relationships because of the increasing demand for outsourcing, which requires strong partnerships among manufacturing supply chain members. The purpose of this qualitative single case study was to explore successful strategies that manufacturing business leaders use to improve cross-cultural business relationships within their manufacturing supply chain. The targeted population included business leaders, fluent in English, within 1 company located at 2 different manufacturing sites in the Midwest region of the United States and the Northeast region of Mexico. The capability-based view theory was used to support knowledge sharing, trust, and strategic management. Methodological triangulation of the data from interviews, direct observations during site visits, and production documentation led to 4 themes. The 4 themes that emerged from thematic analysis were: information sharing, which was key to form a strong partnerships between the 2 manufacturing sites; the development of common business tools, which facilitates the development of common technical language that both sites understood and could translate into common expectations; training of business tools and processes, which expands knowledge sharing and best practices among the 2 sites; and understanding differences of people rather than culture. The implication for positive social change includes the potential to provide strategies to business leaders within various manufacturing industries on how to overcome the challenges of trust, information sharing, and resource management and provide successful cross-cultural business relationships and profitability.