Ekonominiai ciklai įtakoja transporto šakos efektyvumą, todėl magistro darbe ir analizuojama ekonominių ciklų įtaka transporto sektoriui. Efektyvumo supratimas ir vertinimas yra viena iš pagrindinių problemų, nagrinėjant šią temą, kadangi nėra vieningos apibendrinančios transporto sektoriaus vertinimo metodikos (mokslininkai siūlo vertinti šakos arba įmonių efektyvumą įvairiais aspektais). Magistro darbe transporto rūšių ekonominis efektyvumas 2000 – 2012 metais vertinamas, remiantis suformuotų finansinių rodiklių sistema, pagal kurią svertinio aritmetinio vidurkio pagrindu išvesti agreguoti rodikliai. Transporto rūšies veiklos efektyvumas ir jo palyginimas visame sektoriuje per 2000 – 2012 metus atliktas remiantis dviem efektyvumo skaičiavimo metodais: skaičiuojant efektyvumą agreguotų rodiklių pagrindu kiekvienos transporto rūšies atskirai ir kiekvienos transporto rūšies visame sektoriuje. Ekonominių ciklų įtakos transporto sektoriaus efektyvumui įvertinimas, atliktas pagal transporto sektoriaus ekonominių veiklos rūšių efektyvumo agreguotų rodiklių ir makroekonominių rodiklių koreliacinę analizę. Magistro darbe įvertintas ekonominių ciklų poveikis transporto įmonių finansiniams rezultatams, atlikta perspektyvinė analizė pagal regresines analizes, sukuriant krovinių gabenimo, keleivių pervežimų, pardavimo pajamų, savikainos, veiklos sąnaudų prognozavimo modelius, remiantis makroekonominiais rodikliais. Perspektyvinė analizė atlikta remiantis Finansų Ministerijos ir Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Economic cycles influence efficiency of transport sector therefore the main problem in work of the master, is the analysis of influence of economic cycles on transport sector. The concept and assessment of efficiency is one of the main problems in this subject as there is no uniform technique for estimation of transport sector (scientists suggest to estimate branches and efficiency of the enterprises through different prisms). In work of the master, economic efficiency of separate means of transport in 2000 - 2012 are estimated, leaning on the installed system of financial performance on the basis of which by means of the weighed arithmetic average of an indicator, the aggregated indicators are received. Scientific researches, for comparison of means of transport in all sector for 2000 - 2012 are executed, leaning on two methods of calculation of efficiency: the aggregated indicators of efficiency of each type of transport sector separately are removed and the aggregated indicators of efficiency of each look in all sector are removed. Estimation of influence of economic cycles on efficiency of transport sector, is executed by means of the correlation analysis of the aggregated indicators of efficiency of economic kinds of activity of transport sector and macroeconomic indicators. The analysis of influence of economic cycles on financial results of transport enterprises, is executed by means of the regression analysis, creating models of forecasting of transportation of goods... [to full text] / Экономические циклы влияют на эффективность транспортного сектора, поэтому основная проблема в работе магистра, это анализ влияния экономических циклов на транспортный сектор. Понятие и оценка эффективности является одной из основных проблем в этой теме, так как нет единой методики для оценивания транспортного сектора (учёные предлагают оценивать отрасли и эффективность предприятий через разные призмы). В работе магистра, экономическая эффективность отдельных видов транспорта в 2000 – 2012 годах оцениваются, опираясь на установленную систему финансовых показателей, на основе которых с помощью взвешенного среднего арифметического показателя, получены агрегированные показатели. Научные исследования, для сравнения видов транспорта во всём секторе за 2000 – 2012 года выполнены, опираясь на два метода расчёта эффективности: выведены агрегированные показатели эффективности каждого вида транспортного сектора в отдельности и выведены агрегированные показатели эффективности каждого вида во всём секторе. Оценивание влияния экономических циклов на эффективность транспортного сектора, выполнено при помощи корреляционного анализа агрегированных показателей эффективности экономических видов деятельности транспортного сектора и макроэкономических показателей. Анализ влияния экономических циклов на финансовые результаты транспортных предприятий, выполнен при помощи регрессионного анализа, создавая модели прогнозирования перевозки грузов и пассажиров, доходов от продаж, себестоимости... [полный текст, см. далее]

In this paper we deal with cross-border flows of people within the Euroregion Galicia-North of Portugal, paying particular attention to those led by workers. Based on data for daily mobility between the places of residence and work (commuters), it can be defined, within this territory, the so-called Polycentric Urban Regions (PUR) of Vigo and Porto. These regions should constitute significant referents of cross-border mobility, whose importance we begin to realize by estimating the movement of passengers across border crossings linking the south of Galicia and the north of Portugal. In this context, given the non-existence of official statistics, the reports prepared by the Eures Galicia/Região Norte office provide relevant information about the flow of cross-border workers in the area, which we have complemented by conducting two surveys directed, respectively, to involved workers and companies, and data from a recent study on labour mobility in the Euroregion. The evidence demonstrates the quantitative importance achieved in the territory analyzed by this interesting phenomenon of cross-border work and allows a description of its characteristics that shows the difficulties faced by the process of construction of a European labor market. / En este trabajo, nos ocupamos de los flujos transfronterizos de personas en el seno de la eurorregión Galicia-Norte de Portugal. En este marco, se prestará especial atención a aquellos protagonizados por trabajadores. Dentro del territorio analizado, se pueden definir —a partir de los datos relativos a la movilidad diaria casa-trabajo (commuters)— las denominadas regiones urbanas policéntricas (RUP) de Vigo y Porto. Estas deberían constituir referentes significativos de una movilidad transfronteriza, cuya importancia empezamos a calibrar estimando el movimiento de pasajeros en los pasos fronterizos que unen el sur de Galicia y el norte de Portugal. En este contexto, dada la inexistencia de estadísticas oficiales, los informes elaborados por la oficina Eures Galicia/Região Norte proporcionan información relevante sobre el flujo de trabajadores transfronterizos en la zona. Ello lo hemos complementado mediante dos elementos: la realización de sendas encuestas dirigidas respectivamente a trabajadores y empresas implicadas, y los datos proporcionados por un reciente estudio sobre la movilidad laboral en la eurorregión. La evidencia obtenida demuestra la importancia cuantitativa alcanzada en el territorio analizado por este interesante fenómeno del trabajo transfronterizo. Además, esta permite realizar una caracterización del mismo, que pone de manifiesto algunas dificultades a las que se enfrenta el proceso de construcción de un mercado de trabajo europeo.

[pt] Os sistemas metroviários desempenham um importante papel no transporte de passageiros nos grandes centros urbanos por sua alta capacidade de transporte, seu baixo índice poluente e por serem relativamente livres de congestionamentos. O headway - intervalo entre os trens – é uma importante variável no planejamento do serviço pois influencia na capacidade oferecida e no custo de operação. Este trabalho desenvolve um modelo de simulação de eventos discretos aplicado na análise da estrutura, capacidade e funcionamento da Linha 4 do sistema metroviário do Rio de Janeiro, sendo realizados experimentos com diferentes tempos de headway de forma a medir e avaliar o desempenho do sistema no atendimento à demanda prevista. Desenvolve-se um modelo de programação linear inteira mista (MIP) com o objetivo de encontrar valores ótimos de headway para a sua operação. Os modelos consideram as restrições de capacidade dos trens, tempos de deslocamento e a demanda dinâmica dos passageiros em cada estação. São utilizados dados do Estudo de Demanda para a Linha 4 (FGV, 2011) com a previsão de demanda para o período de pico da manhã do ano de 2016. O trabalho permite concluir que o dimensionamento da capacidade da Linha 4 do metrô atende com eficiência a demanda projetada para o ano de 2016 e que os modelos de simulação e otimização desenvolvidos podem ser adaptados e utilizados no apoio ao planejamento e operação de outros sistemas metroviários. / [en] Subway systems play an important role in passenger transportation in large urban centers due to their high transport capacity, low pollutant content and for being relatively free of traffic congestion. The headway - intervals between trains – is an important variable in service planning because it influences the capacity offered and cost of operation. This work develops a discrete event simulation model applied in the analysis of the structure, capacity and operation of Line 4 of the Rio de Janeiro subway system. Experiments with different headway times are performed in order to measure and evaluate the system performance in meeting the forecasted demand. A mixed integer linear programming model (MIP) is developed in order to find optimal headway values for its operation. The models consider the train capacity constraints, travel times contrainsts and the dynamic passenger demand at each station. Data from the Demand Study for Line 4 (FGV, 2011) are used with the demand forecast for the morning peak period of 2016. The work allows to conclude that the dimensioning of the capacity of the subway Line 4 efficiently meets the projected demand for the year 2016 and that the simulation and optimization models developed can be adapted and used to support the planning and operation of other metro systems.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5994.pdf: 5191690 bytes, checksum: ebc3abf7b37201a98f67d000108063db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-05-19 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The demand for air travel has grown each year, both in Brazil and abroad. Researches also indicate an estimated worldwide increase in elderly and obese people. In regards to people with disabilities, studies show that approximately 15% of the world population has some kind of disability and only in Brazil it´s believed that this population represents 25%. There is a growing participation of people with disabilities and people with special needs (such as the elderly and obese) in society, including the use of air transport. These people take use of assistive equipment (assistive technology) in their daily lives, and how air passengers, they take these products on board. That´s the focus of this study: a study in assistive technology. Thus, the goal is to identify products of assistive technology and understand the trends in this field to support future discussions about the implications for aircraft cabin design. First, a literature review was performed in order to better understand assistive technology and universal design. Then, collecting data through research at fairs, internet, survey and interviews related to assistive technology companies was performed. Such procedures indicated what kind of assistive technology products are used and what the emerging products are. Data were collected and analyzed from a descriptive perspective. The conclusions of the study were then formulated. They indicate a large number of assistive technology products for people with physical and visual disabilities and a big trend in multifunctional and electronic products. Assistive technology products bring great impact to the current and future design of the passenger cabin. / A demanda pelo transporte aéreo vem crescendo a cada ano, tanto no Brasil quanto no exterior. Pesquisas também indicam uma estimativa de aumento mundial de pessoas idosas e de pessoas obesas. Em se tratando de pessoas com deficiência, estudos apontam que aproximadamente 15% da população mundial possuem algum tipo de deficiência e só no Brasil, acredita-se que esta faixa da população represente 24%. Há uma crescente participação de pessoas com deficiência e de pessoas com necessidade especial (como idosos e obesos) na sociedade, inclusive na utilização do transporte aéreo. Essas pessoas fazem uso de equipamentos de auxílio (tecnologia assistiva) em seu dia a dia, e como passageiros do transporte aéreo, levam esses produtos a bordo. É este o foco dessa dissertação: estudo em tecnologia assistiva. Desta forma, o objetivo é identificar produtos de tecnologia assistiva e compreender as tendências neste campo para fundamentar futuras discussões quanto às implicações para projeto de cabine de aeronaves. Primeiramente foi realizada uma revisão da literatura para maior compreensão de tecnologia assistiva, cabine e design universal. Em seguida, foi realizada a coleta de dados por meio de pesquisa em feiras, internet, survey e entrevistas com empresas ligadas à tecnologia assistiva. Tais procedimentos apontaram quais produtos de tecnologia assistiva são mais utilizados e quais são os produtos emergentes. Os dados foram coletados e analisados sob uma perspectiva descritiva. Foram elaboradas então as conclusões do trabalho, que indicam um grande número de produtos de tecnologia assistiva para pessoas com deficiência física e visual e uma grande tendência em produtos multifuncionais e eletrônicos. Os produtos de tecnologia assistiva trazem grande impacto ao design atual e futuro de cabine de passageiro.

Is GDP per capita one of the main drivers affecting demand for passenger air travelling? Based on the time series analysis conducted for North American and Middle Eastern region, we have not rejected hypothesis about positive impact of GDP per capita on demand for air travelling. The thesis also analyzes whether the effects observed are weaker for more developed and more saturated markets. The second hypothesis was rejected, as we have found that the effect of the GDP per capita was on average 10% stronger for the North American region than for the Middle Eastern region. Moreover, we have found that for both regions oil prices are the important driver of the passenger air travel demand.

Passengers claims in air transport under the Regulation (EC) of the European Parliament and of the Council No. 261/2004 Abstract The subject of this diploma thesis is the claims of air passengers, especially those arising from Regulation (EC) 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, but also according to other regulations of private international law. The thesis is divided into four parts, which, with regard to the nature of the topic, combine both theoretical and practical aspects. The first part provides an introduction to the issue by setting it in the historical context of civil aviation regulations and then discusses important documents in the field of air passenger rights. In particular, it compares these documents with each other and provides the reader with a practical overview of these documents. The second part deals with the Regulation (EC) 261/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council, which is the central legal regulation of this work. First, the author describes the context and process of adoption of the Regulation and then deals with the individual parts, while supplementing the theoretical interpretation with numerous references to the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. Subsequently, the circumstances of the ongoing amendment of the Regulation are...

The aim of this work is to describe the past, present and expected future of the airport in Brno. An analysis was carried out that was sent as a reminder of the airport's potential, which should be revealed in the near future. The appendix describes airport development methods with similar characteristics used by other managers

This thesis is focused on analysis and evaluation of the trolley deceleration effect on his standing passengers. The first part focuses on theoretical knowledge in terms of legislative requirements for the operation of trolleybuses and transport standing passengers. This section also lists physical findings during deceleration and forces acting on the vehicle. The central part is divided into two measurements. The first measure is aimed at obtaining data (deceleration) and information (number of passengers, increased stability, and fall) of the normal operation of the standing passengers in interior trolley. The second measurement will be focused on driving performance demonstration tests with the interior trolley helpers in various traffic situations. The conclusion of this thesis will summarize the values and knowledge of both measurements. The evaluated data set will limit the slowdown in the trolley passengers where standing still maintains stability.

As more and more shared autonomous vehicles (SAVs) are introduced in mixed traffic conditions, it calls upon research exploring the relationship between an SAV and its passengers. It is assumed that in the future SAVs will be completely autonomous, with no operator on-board, resulting in the loss of implicit communication between a driver and a passenger with effects on trust. This served as motivation to perform a study investigating the definition of trust from the passenger’s perspective. Initially a state-of-the-art study was conducted to research previous work and identify existing trust frameworks. Three field studies took place on an operational SAV which included interviews and observations with on-board operator and passengers. The aim of which was to understand the trust dynamics between the operator and passenger but more importantly, between the SAV and its passengers. The results revealed dependency on the operator during the commute in deadlock situations. To investigate trust attributes, interviews and observations were conducted with passengers of a regular bus as well as experts from the field of transportation. Situational awareness of the SAV and communication of SAV intention were deemed most important towards building trust with caution towards information overload. Furthermore, three participatory design studies conducted showed a multi-modal approach as the preferred way of communication, with visual and auditory modalities being the most favorable choice. The overall results showed that a communication and feedback channel with an SAV and its passengers is necessary in creating trust in the absence of a driver. Future studies could use the findings from this thesis as the building blocks for creating a communication interface to enhance passengers trust in an SAV. / Fler och fler autonoma fordon (SAV) introduceras i den vanliga trafikmiljön, vilket kräver ökad förståelse för relationen mellan SAV:er och dess passagerare. I framtiden förutsätts SAV:er kunna bli hela autonoma utan varken en förare eller operatör ombord, vilket ändrar förutsättningarna. Det skulle innebära en förlust av den implicita (“tysta”) kommunikationen mellan förare och passagerare, vilket är bakgrunden för denna studie om passagerares förtroende för SAV:er. Studien innehåller fyra delar. Först en översikt av den senaste forskningen om upplevt förtroende, vilket skapar ett forskningsmässigt ramverk. Tre fältstudier gjordes ombord en SAV vilket inkluderade både intervjuer och observation av passagerare och operatörer. Syftet var att förstå dynamiken både mellan operatören och passageraren samt mellan SAV:n och passageraren. Resultaten visar på att fordonet, och därmed passagerarna, fortfarande är beroende av operatören i situationer när fordonet fastnade på grund av problem i trafikmiljön. Den tredje delen av studie handlade om att undersöka olika parametrar för förtroende och genomfördes med hjälp av intervjuer och observationer av passagerare på en vanlig buss samt genom intervjuer med experter från transportbranschen. Det tydligaste resultatet var att SAV:n behövde vara medveten om närmiljön och att visa förståelse och kommunicera sin avsikt var den faktor som var viktigast för att bygga förtroende. Samtidigt fanns risk för ett överflöd av information. Slutligen genomfördes tre designövningar med användare vilket visade på ett behov av kommunikation med hjälp av flera kanaler, där den visuella och ljudmässiga kanaler föredrogs av de flesta användare. Resultaten tyder på att kommunikation och återkoppling är nödvändigt för att skapa förtroende mellan SAV:er och dess passagerare. Framtida studier bör därför fokusera på att skapa ett gränssnitt mot passagerare som bygger på dessa resultat.

Esta dissertação propõe um modelo tecnológico de automação para realização de pesquisas no setor do transporte público, com o objetivo de contribuir para o aprimoramento da coleta de dados, avaliação e manutenção da qualidade dos serviços prestados à população. O trabalho justifica-se pela necessidade de superação de lacunas existentes para obtenção de informações, o que repercute na gestão do sistema de transporte público como um todo. Devido à relevância crescente do tema da mobilidade urbana e os impactos que provoca na qualidade de vida das pessoas, o objeto de estudo escolhido foram os deslocamentos dos passageiros por meio do uso de ônibus na cidade de São Paulo. O modelo proposto integra a tecnologia de identificação por radiofrequência (RFID - Radio Frequency IDentification), em cartões inteligentes, utilizados atualmente para pagar a tarifa, com tecnologias de rastreamento da frota, que, por meio de GPS (Global Position Systems), fornecem informações sobre os locais de circulação dos ônibus. Os resultados obtidos mostram que esta integração pode resolver os problemas da falta de precisão no levantamento de dados sobre os locais onde são iniciadas e finalizadas as viagens de passageiros, bem como tornar sistemáticos os levantamentos de tais dados, sem necessidade de pesquisas manuais, o que representa economia de recursos. Constitui uma proposta inovadora com grande utilidade para ampliar as condições que favorecem a mobilidade urbana e é convergente no desenvolvimento de cidades inteligentes. / This dissertation proposes a technological model for automation for conducting surveys in the public transport sector, in order to contribute to the improvement of data collection, evaluation and maintenance of quality of services rendered to the population. The work is justified by the need to overcome gaps for obtaining information, which affects the management of the public transport system as a whole. Due to the increasing relevance of the issue of urban mobility and its impact on quality of life, the chosen object of study were the passenger movements through the bus use in the city of São Paulo. The proposed model integrates the radio frequency identification technology - RFID, on smart cards currently used to pay the fare, with fleet tracking technologies, which, through GPS (Global Position Systems), provide information on the bus traffic locations. The results show that this integration can solve the problems of lack of precision in data about where passenger trips are initiated and completed as well as make systematic withdrawals of such data without the need for manual searches, saving features. It is an innovative proposal with great use to expand the conditions that improve urban mobility and is convergent to the development of smart cities.