The South African government monitors and tracks the health of newborns and the growth of children. The Department of Health (DoH) does this monitoring using the Road to Health Booklet (RtHB). In this dissertation I analyse the use of the booklet in the township of Masiphumelele in Cape Town. The state produced booklet is intended for the child and mother as a patient-held medical health record. Liaw (1993) defines a patient-held record as notes or space provided on a document for the recording of follow up appointments for further investigation by medical doctors. The RtHB is used to record the child’s development, immunisations and HIV related information from birth to the age of twelve years. The dissertation results from ethnographic research with eight black Xhosa1 mothers and caregivers with children under the age of five years old. Mosley, and Chen, (1984), argue that in developing countries where standard child healthcare has been made available, children should survive the first five years of life. In my research, during the period of six weeks between July, August and September 2017, I followed the booklet in to Masiphumelele. From my observation and semi-structured interviews, looking at the state’s role of ‘pastoral’ care, child wellbeing and living in a township, and recording, under the theme of child wellbeing, certain concepts emerged. These concepts were state power, mothering, caring for children, responsibilisation, gender, kinship, fatherhood, child wellbeing knowledge production, social networking. In this dissertation I use ethnographic findings, accompanied by my own personal narratives. I argue that tracking child wellbeing through this booklet, the state exercises what Foucault (1982) referred to as ‘pastoral power’ in ensuring the wellbeing of the populations.

The aim of this study was to investigate how the presence of the interpreter as a third person affects the meeting between social secretary and client. The study has been conducted through semi-structured interviews based on social secretary's experiences of interpreted meetings and experiences of power. The respondents are multilingual and have experience of participating in interpreted meetings where they themselves have been able to interpret the language. We have analyzed our empirical data based on Foucault's theory of pastoral power. In our empirical data, we found that it tends to be more difficult for social secretaries in interpreted meetings to create relationships and guide their clients, and thus the pastoral power loses its most fundamental principle. The triangular power theory that arises in interpreted meetings makes the relationship creation more difficult as the interpreter could have the opportunity to prevent or distort the information that is conveyed between the social secretary and the client. We have also found that all three parties in the conversation carry various factors into the meeting that can affect the situation in different directions, examples of factors can be age, gender and ethnicity. The social secretaries are aware of the influencing factors that can occur in interpreted meetings and have developed various tools and strategies to be able to respond to this. However, the social secretaries believe that it is difficult to pay attention to clear deficiencies in interpreted meetings when one cannot speak the language.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T14:42:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ezequiel Westphal.pdf: 3069530 bytes, checksum: b6f4f26d8e448444cbe9c8a051c0fe44 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-28 / The Theology of Liberation develops its basis on a social and economic context of injustice and puts aside the social minorities. This status assumption in favor of the poor became known as “preferential option for the poor” and not only asigns the latin-american theology , but also identifies the Third World Church in a focus and place change, from which makes significant the systematization and the analytic understanding of its history. It will be given emphasis to the reflection concerning to the “power” category, in order to analyse the environment where occurs the shock among the social actors arround the interests in the relationships of the social field. The retaliations imposed to the Theology of Liberation and the political and economic changes, occurred in the last quart of the last century, cause paradigms crisis, not only in the political sphere but also in the theologic one. But the considerations concerning to the Archdiocese of Curitiba privilege the reflections about the questions of the national conjuncture and of the crisis in the institutional relationships that envolved historically the State and The Brazilian Church, relating them, at a local level, in the constitution of the diocese rule. The relationships of ecclesiastic power are analysed through the actions of the bishops, envolving local tensions as the formation of the cleric and the representation of the episcopal authority. The pastoral organization of the Archdiocese of Curitiba in the years 80’ and the beginning of the 1990 decade reflects the ecclesiastic power conjuncture concerning to the types, focus and the dynamics of the pastorals of the archdiocese, particularly the CEB’s and their relationships with the Theology of Liberation. It is necessary to look for decline reasons of the Theology of Liberation influence in the pastoral orientations of the Archdiocese of Curitiba, through quantitative research technics in the study of São Pedro Apóstolo (Saint Peter Apostle) Parish case in Curitiba, in order to analyse the complex relationships of power in the rupture of the speech unit and of the social representations. / A Teologia da Libertação constrói suas bases em um contexto socioeconômico de injustiça e marginalização das minorias sociais. Essa tomada de posição em favor do pobre tornou-se conhecida como “opção preferencial pelos pobres” e não só marca a teologia latino-americana, mas identifica a Igreja do Terceiro Mundo em uma mudança de foco e lugar, dos quais torna significativas a sistematização e a compreensão analítica da sua historicidade. Foi dada ênfase à reflexão sobre a categoria “poder”, no intuito de analisar o lugar em que ocorre o embate entre os atores sociais em torno de interesses nas relações do campo social. As represálias advindas à Teologia da Libertação e as mudanças político-econômicas, ocorridas no último quartel do século passado, ocasionam crise de paradigmas, não somente na esfera política, mas também teológica. As considerações sobre a Arquidiocese de Curitiba privilegiam reflexões sobre as questões da conjuntura nacional e da crise nas relações institucionais que envolviam historicamente o Estado e a Igreja no Brasil, relacionando-as, em nível local, com a constituição do governo da diocese. As relações de poder eclesiástico são analisadas pela ação dos bispos, envolvendo tensões locais como a formação do clero e a representação da autoridade episcopal. A organização pastoral da Arquidiocese de Curitiba, nos anos 80 e início da década de 1990, reflete a conjuntura de poder eclesiástico sobre os tipos, o foco e a dinâmica das pastorais arquidiocesanas, particularmente as CEB’s e sua relação com a Teologia da Libertação. Buscou-se compreender as razões do declínio da influência da Teologia da Libertação nas orientações pastorais da Arquidiocese de Curitiba, por meio de técnicas de pesquisa qualitativa no estudo de caso da Paróquia São Pedro Apóstolo, em Curitiba, no intuito de analisar as relações complexas de poder na ruptura da unidade do discurso e das representações sociais.

A investigação que embasa a presente tese tem como objetivo analisar a racionalidade pedagógica que sustenta a produção de subjetividades empreendedoras; e como horizonte teórico, algumas noções presentes no pensamento de Michel Foucault, especialmente em seus últimos cursos. A partir das proposições sobre uma pedagogia dita empreendedora, buscou-se compor um quadro das noções ético-políticos aí vigentes, as quais gravitam em torno de noções de felicidade, sucesso, destino, eficiência e produtividade, tomando o indivíduo como capital de si mesmo e sua própria vida como alvo de investimento ininterrupto. Entendendo o empreendedorismo menos como uma plataforma discursiva subserviente às forças ideológicas em voga e mais como uma espécie de poeira do presente, visou-se, por meio de um recuo arqueogenealógico, investigar a modulação do poder pastoral e da governamentalidade neoliberal operada na e pela literatura pedagógica do final do século XVIII e início do XIX. Na qualidade de fontes empíricas, foram selecionados alguns textos de Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Herbart e, em especial, Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister, obra de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Tal escolha deveu-se, sobretudo, ao fato de tais textos serem constantemente referidos como fundadores da educação moderna pela historiografia educacional. No que se refere ao âmbito teórico-metodológico, além de Michel Foucault, a pesquisa teve como intercessores privilegiados Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Nikolas Rose e Giorgio Agamben, entre outros pensadores alinhados à perspectiva pós-estruturalista. A partir do enfrentamento analítico com as fontes eleitas, pôde-se observar um deslocamento do governamento teístico para uma noção de salvação laica ancorada na ideia do homem educado como operador de seu destino. Despontaria aí um sujeito que se imagina construtor de sua própria história e, portanto, capaz de gerir sua vida, por meio de determinadas práticas sobre si mesmo, tais como: voltar o olhar para si, buscando sua motivação e sua verdade supostamente interiores; descobrir e desenvolver seus talentos; aprender a aprender; retirar das experiências com o mundo lições para uma vida bem-sucedida; identificar e aprimorar suas habilidades e aptidões; cuidar da própria saúde, mantendo-se saudável e produtivo; manter-se atualizado etc. Daí o pietismo configurar um capítulo destacado em tal projeto, com vistas à autonomização do homem e, por conseguinte, sua realização na vida mundana. No diagrama que vem produzindo esse éthos para o homem contemporâneo, planteiam-se modos de veridicção e de subjetivação em que querer, obedecer e empreender constituem um nexo indissociável na forja do governo de si e dos outros. / The purpose of the investigation that serves as the basis for this thesis is to analyze the pedagogic rationality that sustains the production of entrepreneurial subjectivities; and as a theoretical horizon, several notions present in the thinking of Michel Foucault, especially in his most recent courses. From the proposals of a pedagogy that is self-declared as entrepreneurial, an attempt was made to put together a set of applicable ethical and political notions, which revolve around notions of happiness, success, destiny, efficiency and productivity, which take on the individual as capital of himself and his own life as the target of uninterrupted investment. Understanding entrepreneurialism less as a platform for discourse that is subservient to the ideological forces of the moment and more of a kind of dust of the present, the aim was to investigate, by means of a geneological regression, the modulation of pastoral power and neoliberal governmentality operated in and by pedagogic literature at the end of the 18th Century and beginning of the 19th Century. As empirical sources, several texts by Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Froebel, Johann Herbart and, especially, Wilhelm Meister\'s Apprenticeship, by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, were selected. This choice was due, above all, to the fact that these tests are constantly referenced as the foundations of modern education by educational historiography. With regards to the theoretical-methodological sphere, besides Michel Foucault, the research features as privileged intercessors Gilles Deleuze, Paul Veyne, Nikolas Rose and Giorgio Agamben, among other thinkers aligned with the post-structuralist perspective. From an analytical confrontation with selected sources, there is a shift from theistic governing to a notion of secular salvation anchored in the idea of the educated man as the operator of his own destiny. This is when a subject is capable of imagining himself as the builder of his own story and thus capable of managing his own life, by means of certain practices involving himself, such as: looking back at himself, searching for his supposedly interior motivation and his truth; discovering and developing his talents; learning to learn; removing lessons for a successful life from experiences with the world; identifying and improving his abilities and skills; looking after his own health, keeping himself healthy and productive; keeping up to date, etc. Thus pietism constitutes a special chapter in this project, with a view to the autonomization of man and, consequently, his realization in everyday life. In the diagram that has been producing this ethos for modern man, methods for veridiction and subjection have been sown, in which wanting, obeying and developing constitute an unbreakable nexus of the government of oneself and others.

Since 1999, youth have experienced an increase in HIV incidence. Gay male youth, in particular, are a priority sub-population because they accounted for the highest exposure category in 2008 among youth. Due to the lack of studies on gay male youth who are susceptible to HIV, and the reality that most previous research on stigma may no longer reflect the contemporary context, nursing based research was undertaken. Utilizing critical theory, stigma within the therapeutic relationship was investigated through eight semi-structured interviews with gay male youth who were recruited through a gay men’s sexual health clinic in Ottawa, Canada. The results of this research showed that while stigma, whether perceived stigma or the fear of stigmatization, was still felt by these participants in some interactions, overall, these youth had positive experiences with the health care system, particularly within the context of the gay men’s sexual health clinic.

American presidents have maintained an equilibrium between the role of church and state in government affairs via the nation’s civil religion and a “rhetorical contract” between those secular and sacred interests. While other presidents have incorporated religion in their rhetorical execution of office, George W. Bush has done so in a manner different from his predecessors, emphasizing the role of faith in his administration’s beliefs, actions, and policies. Such rhetoric upsets the tenuous relationship between sectarian and secular affairs. Bush’s breach of the rhetorical contract can be explained by Foucault’s notion of pastoral power. Using practices once associated with the church, the savvy government leader may better control his public. I argue that President Bush has shifted the balance of power between organized religion and government, specifically by means of the Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives, thereby corrupting traditional notions of civil religion in the process of implementing his unique form of new pastoral power.

The background of this paper is the dual role that the social worker can have, of beeing both supportive and controlling in the meeting with clients. It is also about the power the social worker can have, how they handle the power in their profession and how they remain to it in the relationship with the client. The study is qualitative and built on interviews with eight social workers that work in different areas in the social services. We have chosen to see this dual role as if the social workers have to, in their daily work, handle the roles as one authority role and one supportive role towards the client. The purpose of this study is to understand how the dual role as the social worker has in the profession, as a helper and a authority, is expressed in the work and relationship with the client. We have turned this purpose into two questions: How do social workers with authority remain to the dual roles of the profession? How do the social workers describe and understand power? We don´t want to generalize in this study, we want to give an example of the social workers own experiences about the dual role. Our theoretical point of view is the pastoral power, street-level bureaucracy and human service organizations. We have also been using earlier research. The analyze and result is presented together, split into five themes. The result shows that the social workers does not see the roles as two different, they see it as one intertwined. The results also show that the social workers see power only when they take decisions that are negative for the clients. We finish of the paper with a discussion about our reflections on the results and some thoughts on how to proceed with research in this subject.

Since 1999, youth have experienced an increase in HIV incidence. Gay male youth, in particular, are a priority sub-population because they accounted for the highest exposure category in 2008 among youth. Due to the lack of studies on gay male youth who are susceptible to HIV, and the reality that most previous research on stigma may no longer reflect the contemporary context, nursing based research was undertaken. Utilizing critical theory, stigma within the therapeutic relationship was investigated through eight semi-structured interviews with gay male youth who were recruited through a gay men’s sexual health clinic in Ottawa, Canada. The results of this research showed that while stigma, whether perceived stigma or the fear of stigmatization, was still felt by these participants in some interactions, overall, these youth had positive experiences with the health care system, particularly within the context of the gay men’s sexual health clinic.

As cities continue to compete for regional and global primacy, governments around the world have drawn upon a series of entrepreneurial tactics to secure investment. Along with city branding initiatives aimed at producing positive images of the city, governments increasingly seek to generate revenue through the corporate sponsorship of public place names, or what I term toponymic branding. Drawing upon government documents and 15 semi-structured interviews, this study examines how the neoliberalization of place through city and toponymic branding is currently reshaping the geographies of urban governance in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), by considering two case studies: the naming of the Burj Khalifa (formerly Burj Dubai) and the Dubai Metro Naming Rights Initiative. In addition to semi-structured interviews conducted in situ, this research draws upon a variety of web-based marketing materials designed to promote the Burj Khalifa as an icon of Dubai and the Dubai Metro Naming Rights Initiative as a cutting-edge tool to increase revenue generation for the Government of Dubai. This thesis suggests that, despite efforts to maximize profits through city and toponymic branding campaigns, the renaming of the Burj Khalifa undercuts previous positive associations stakeholders held with the “tallest building in the world,” the city, and its brand. This study also demonstrates that, through the Dubai Metro Naming Rights Initiative, the Government of Dubai has used toponymic branding as a political tool to foster relationships with members of the business community. In doing so, the current research contributes to critical toponymic and urban geographic scholarship by examining the political economy of toponymic branding as a strategy of neoliberal urbanism in Dubai. / Graduate / 0366 / msotou@uvic.ca

Since 1999, youth have experienced an increase in HIV incidence. Gay male youth, in particular, are a priority sub-population because they accounted for the highest exposure category in 2008 among youth. Due to the lack of studies on gay male youth who are susceptible to HIV, and the reality that most previous research on stigma may no longer reflect the contemporary context, nursing based research was undertaken. Utilizing critical theory, stigma within the therapeutic relationship was investigated through eight semi-structured interviews with gay male youth who were recruited through a gay men’s sexual health clinic in Ottawa, Canada. The results of this research showed that while stigma, whether perceived stigma or the fear of stigmatization, was still felt by these participants in some interactions, overall, these youth had positive experiences with the health care system, particularly within the context of the gay men’s sexual health clinic.