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The aim with this study is to explore if and how linguistic learning takes places when four pairs ofstudents in grade one writes on the computer. Observations of eight students took place duringtwelve lessons to investigate what happened during their writing processes. This study isimportant because students’ computer writing is a relatively new phenomenon in the Swedishprimary school.It is clear that the peer collaboration creates a complex interaction that becomes the platform, andalso the prerequisite, for successful language training. The method can clearly give students profitsin their linguistic development. When working in pairs, children support each other in writing andreading. They also get to train letter knowledge, phonemic awareness and the correspondencebetween phonemes and graphemes. Although the method creates good possibilities for readingand writing development, it cannot be the only way to learn reading. There are also risks thatstudents get stuck in different positions that can affect their progresses, which is important thatthe teachers consider while creating writing pairs. Teachers need to identify student’s reading andwriting development processes and also be able to create reading and writing instruction thatprovides different learning strategies.

Post 1994 the South African education system has focused on creating education for all under a single core syllabus. It also stressed the need for a shift from the traditional teacher-centred approach to a learner-centred approach. As a result, the shift was made from an aims-and-objectives education to Outcomes Based Education (OBE). OBE has placed a different set of demands on teachers and the way in which they assess. Specifically teachers are required to use peer collaboration to bring about learning and simultaneously assess that learning has transpired. However, many teachers are left feeling uncertain about the efficacy of OBE. This report reviews the relevant literature as well as theories needed to understand the process learning. The objective of this research report is to establish teacher’s current perceptions are of OBE. More so, the research aimed to ascertain how useful peer collaboration is in facilitating learning. The results from this study show that teachers are uncertain about the efficacy of OBE. Although a significant number of teachers strongly agree with the underlying principles of OBE they feel that implementation as intended by policy makers is idealistic. Furthermore, they are conflicted about the notion that peer collaboration can sufficiently facilitate learning. Lastly, the findings of this study suggest that in implementing peer collaboration successfully, tenets from social psychology such as group dynamics need to be considered.

Om en skola lyckas väl eller mindre väl i sitt uppdrag beror på många faktorer. En del avdessa kan skolan inte påverka. Till dessa faktorer hör till exempel vårdnadshavaresbakgrund. Vad skolan däremot kan påverka är lärares skicklighet i att undervisa, vilket harvisat sig vara den enskilt största skillnaden mellan skolor och skolsystem av olika kvalitet.För att utveckla lärarnas yrkesskicklighet behövs ett levande samarbetsklimat. Studiens syfteär att undersöka i hur hög utsträckning högstadielärare samarbetar kring undervisning,bedömning samt hur elever lär sig. Trettiofyra lärare fördelade på två högstadieskolor deltogi enkätstudien. Skolorna delar skolledare och har en identisk organisation med avseende påtid för formellt samarbete.Resultatet visar att det finns ett mycket starkt samband mellan det schemalagda och detspontana samarbetet lärare emellan. Det som behandlas på schemalagd konferenstid(ämneskonferenser och andra möten med styrt innehåll) är också det som det spontana samarbetet kretsar kring. / How successful a school is depends on many factors. Some of these factors schools cannotaffect, for example, parents’ backgrounds. What the schools can affect however is how wellteachers teach, which has proven to be the single biggest difference between schools andschool systems of varying quality.In order to develop teachers' professional skills, teamwork is essential. This study aims toinvestigate the extent to which high school teachers collaborate on teaching, assessmentand how students learn. Thirty‐four teachers at two secondary schools filled in thequestionnaire. The schools share principals and have an identical organization regardingtime for formal collaboration.The results show that there is a very strong correlation between within scheduled andspontaneous teacher cooperation. What is being discussed at scheduled meetings (such assubject specific conferences and other meetings with given content) is also being discussedwhen teachers collaborate spontaneously.

Abstract  Denna kunskapsöversikt har genomförts för att få svar på frågan “Vilka metoder för kooperativt lärande används i matematikundervisningen i Sverige samt resten av världen, och hur effektiva kan de vara?”. Översikten ser över flera olika metoder och koncept, dessa är; TPS, STAD, TAI, peer collaboration och Jigsaw. Även hur de används i de olika länderna som studierna gjorts i, undersöks. Dessa metoder och koncept valdes då flera studier satte dessa i fokus. Kunskapsöversikten ser även över ifall metoderna är effektivare än den traditionella undervisningen som används i dessa länder.  Kunskapsöversikten har utförts med hjälp av en sökprocess i sökmotorn “LibSearch”. Sökorden “cooperative learning” och “mathematics” har varit utgångspunkten för sökningar kring frågan. Även sökordet “methods” har använts när studier kring metoder i kooperativt lärande var viktigt att hitta.  Resultaten visar att kooperativt lärande samt deras metoder är mer effektiva än traditionell undervisning i matematik. Kooperativt lärande kan även delas in i två olika beskrivningar; ett metodfokuserat arbetssätt, som fokuserar på att använda den bästa metoden, och ett kooperativfokuserat, som fokuserar på att arbetsformen för eleverna uppfyller kravet för att ses som kooperativt. Länder som inte arbetat kooperativt men infört det får även en högre effekt än länder som redan har infört det, men skiftar metod. Det identifierades även att TAI och STAD var två metoder som fungerade bra i de klassrum där kooperativt lärande introducerades. Fortsatt jämförande av de två metodernas arbetssätt är något som kan forskas vidare om för att få ytterligare information om någon metod är den mest effektiva.  Nyckelord: Jigsaw, kooperativt lärande, peer collaboration, samarbete, STAD, Sverige, TAI, TPS

The purpose of this project is to examine how collaboration in groups of children change from a face-to-face emergent environment to a computer mediated emergent environment. To examine this, a methodology was devised in order to track individual group members‟ contributions to exercises performed by the group. Groups of five children built structures out of LEGOs and in the game Minecraft, and through the devised tracking method, data from the different exercises were juxtaposed with each other and compared in order to determine how the collaborative patterns within the groups varied depending on what exercise they were partaking in. The results of this research is that the computer based emergent system was experienced as more engaging and immersive, and that it fostered continuous discovery and problem solving throughout the game session, which wasn‟t the case in the LEGO exercise.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / In nursing education, it is common for students to collaborate and make decisions as a group in simulations. One of the vital nursing competencies is students’ ability to make sound clinical judgments and decision-making in simulation. Teamwork among students in simulation significantly affects their critical thinking and clinical reasoning. However, how students collaborate and make decisions in simulation is a complex phenomenon and not well studied and understood. In addition, most existing decision-making frameworks, such as Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model and the National Council of State Boards of Nursing’s Clinical Judgment Measurement Model, focus solely on individual decision-making. Alternatively, teamwork and collaboration frameworks, such as TeamSTEPPS®, emphasize interprofessional collaboration rather than intraprofessional or peer-to-peer collaboration. Furthermore, peer collaboration and decision-making cannot be accurately measured without a theoretical framework. Because clinical decision-making in nursing practice is a complex process that involves peer collaboration, more research is needed to explore how nursing students collaborate and make decisions in simulation. This qualitative study comprises of a hybrid concept analysis and Charmaz’s constructivist grounded theory to explore prelicensure nursing student’s peer collaborative clinical decision-making (PCCDM). The concept analysis develops a comprehensive definition of PCCDM based on theoretical and empirical data. The grounded theory develops the theoretical framework that captures the process of PCCDM, which consists of the three major domains of group cognition, behavior, and emotion. These domains undergo the peer regulatory process of awareness, communication, and regulation within the individual and collaborative space at various simulation phases. Additionally, a thematic analysis further explores group emotion in PCCDM as the domain is the least studied in nursing simulation. This study provides the framework to support healthcare and nursing simulation involving peer collaboration and decision-making.

Es wird ein Konzept für ein zukünftiges Betriebssystem vorgestellt, das den Anforderungen und Möglichkeiten der zunehmenden Vernetzung von Rechnern und anderen Endgeräten Rechnung trägt. Es erweitert den bekannten Grundgedanken, mit Hilfe von Peer-to-Peer Technologien explorierbare virtuelle 3D-Landschaften zu erzeugen, ohne dabei von einem zentralen Anbieter abhängig zu sein. Es soll Nutzern die Möglichkeit bieten, das Serviceangebot im Internet ohne Einschränkungen zu durchsuchen und dabei anhand eigener semantischer Kriterien die für sie interessanten Services hervorzuheben. Über Parameter der Darstellung sollen Netzwerkeigenschaften, die für den Nutzer von Belang sein können, intuitiv erfassbar sein. Das System beinhaltet darüber hinaus Möglichkeiten zur Last- und Verkehrsbalancierung. In diesem Artikel werden Anforderungen an die zu Grunde liegende Infrastruktur und die grafische Benutzeroberfläche definiert, erste Skizzen des zukünftigen Systems vorgestellt und die weiteren Schritte bis zur Verwirklichung eines Prototyps diskutiert.

The study aimed to analyze the peer sociocognitive interaction and its relationship with individual cognitive progress, in both symmetrical and asymmetrical situations of epistemic competence. Participants were 72 students of fifth and sixth grade (age, M = 11 years, 3 months, SD = 7 months), who solved logical items (pre / post test individual, intermediate dyadic condition). The results indicated: a) the distribution of arguments in the dyad is the main variable of the interactive process related to differences between symmetrical conditions and b) the volume and distribution of the arguments in dyads are significantly associated with individual cognitive advancement, independently of symmetrical/asymmetrical condition. The results are discussed from a socioconstructivist perspective. / El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la interacción sociocognitiva entre pares y su relación con el avance cognitivo individual, en situaciones de simetría y asimetría de competencia epistémica. Participaron 72 estudiantes de quinto y sexto grado (edad, M = 11 años, 3 meses; SD=7 meses), quienes resolvieron ítems lógicos (pre/post prueba individual, condición diádica intermedia). Los resultados indicaron: a) la distribución del aporte argumental en la díada es el principal diferenciador procesual entre las condiciones simétricas analizadas; b) el volumen y distribución de los argumentos de la díada se asocian significativamente con el avance cognitivo individual, independientemente de la condición de simetría/asimetría de competencia epistémica. Los resultados se discuten a la luz de los fundamentos socioconstructivistas del estudio. / L’objectif de l’étude était d’analyser l’interaction sociocognitive entre pairs et leur relation avec le progrès cognitif individuel, dans des situations de symétrie et d’asymétrie de la compétence épistémique. 72 élèves de cinquième et sixième année ont participé (M = 11 ans, 3 mois, DE = 7 mois), qui ont résolu des items logiques (test pré / post individuel, condition dyadique intermédiaire). Les résultats ont indiqué: a) la distribution de la contribution dans l’argumentation dans le couple est le principal différentiateur procédural entre les conditions symétriques analysées; b) le volume et la distribution des arguments de le couple sont significativement associés à l’avance cognitive individuelle, indépendamment de la condition de symétrie / asymétrie de la compétence épistémique. Les résultats sont discutés sous l’angle des fondements socioconstructivistes de l’étude. / O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a interação sociocognitiva entre pares e sua relação com o progresso cognitivo individual, em situações de simetria e assimetria de competência epistê- mica. Participaram 72 alunos do quinto e sexto ano (idade, M = 11 anos, 3 meses, DE = 7 meses), que resolveram itens lógicos (pré / pós-teste individual, condição diadêmica intermediária). Os resultados indicaram: a) a distribuição da argumentação na díade é o principal diferencial processual entre as condições simétricas analisadas; b) o volume e a distribuição dos argumentos da díade estão significativamente associados ao avanço cognitivo individual, independentemente da condição de simetria / assimetria de competência epistêmica. Os resultados são discutidos à luz dos fundamentos socioconstrutivistas do estudo.